In some coastal areas in Sweden water shortage sometimes appears because the withdrawal of groundwater is greater than the groundwater recharge. It creates a situation where the available groundwater is insufficient to support residents and businesses with drinking water. The high withdrawal of groundwater also creates a risk for saltwater intrusion to drinking water wells. The problem most commonly occurs during the summer when the groundwater recharge is low, but the population is high, due to tourism and summer residents.The purpose of this study was to investigate how local water supply in areas affected by water shortage can be solved as sustainable as possible. The work was divided into three parts where the first part comprised of a literature review on water systems in which four different options were investigated: artificial groundwater recharge, rainwater harvesting, desalination and water reuse.

Background: A health damage that has been specifically related to nursing is pressure ulcers. Pressure ulcers are a complication caused by disease, care and treatment and can result in great suffering for the patient. Pressure ulcers can affect people both physically and psychosocially and is experienced, by most patients, as a serious and unnecessary complication of care. Today there are hundreds of identified risk factors for pressure ulcers described that can be divided into patient and care-related risk factors. A successful pressure ulcer prevention and treatment is to reduce or eliminate the underlying causes for the development of pressure ulcers, prevent deterioration and to treat existing ulcers.

The pathogenic fungus Rhizoctonia solani causes major economic losses for potato producers in Sweden. The producers, as well as advisors, have reported possible increases in severity of R. solani when free-living plant parasitic nematodes are present and active. There are several examples in the literature of interactions between pathogens where one, or both species, support or increase the damage made by the other organism. These complexes are important to investigate and to be able to forecast, since even low incidences of fungi or nematodes may result in an interaction of significance.

Chlamydia is a sexually transmitted infection. The infection rates have increased in the last decade. During 2008 the trend rates declined in all counties and regions in Sweden. Chlamydia infections have a geographical spatial pattern differences. This is seen from the national surveillance data report from the Swedish Institute for infectious disease control (SMI).

This thesis is a queer masculinity reading of Sir Arthur Conan Doyle?s short story collection The Memoirs of Sherlock Holmes (1894). The analysis focuses on the dissonances, tensions and queerness that reside within the text itself. This has been done from my problem statement: How is Sherlock Holmes and John Watson?s sexuality and masculinity portrayed within the boundary of the text? What is being said, what is hidden, and what is dealt with silently? To reveal these queer parts this analysis has been focused around five themes: the late Victorian male, the Woman, countertypes and decadence, the homosocial sphere and sexuality.

The Pallas cat is a small cat living in central Asia. The cat is approximately the size of a domestic cat but the Pallas cat is more stocky build and has a much thicker fur that enables the cat to live in a climate with temperatures plummeting to -50°C. The thick fur is one of the reasons this cat has been a popular game for hunters in the past. Nowadays there are other threats to the Pallas cat. One of the major threats today is the reduction of food sources.

Sahlgrenska Academyat University of GothenburgDepartment of Internal Medicine and Clinical NutritionAbstractTitle: Effects of isoflavone supplementation from soybeans on LDL-cholesterol levels in adultAuthors: Malin Blomgren Alegria and Ruut ReivaaraSupervisor: Lena HulthénExaminer: Frode SlindeProgramme: Dietician study programme, 180/240 ECTSType of paper: Examination paper, 15 hpDate: 2013-04-08Background: One of the most common causes of death in Sweden is due to cardiovascular diseases such as heart attack and stroke. Hypercholesterolemia is one of the risk factors for cardiovascular disease. In Asia, hypercholesterolemia is less common than in the Western countries. In Asian countries, soy products are consumed in larger quantities than in the Western world, which has led to implemented research with the intention of examining soy's potential effect on cholesterol levels.Objective: To investigate whether there is scientific evidence that isoflavone supplementation from soy bean may have a lowering effect on LDL-cholesterol.Search strategy: The databases used for the systematic literature search were PubMed, Scopus and Cochrane. Keywords used were cholesterol and 9 versions of this, and isoflavones and 11 versions of that.Selection criteria: RCT articles, on humans, written in English, published from 2011 onwards, that focused on interventions with isoflavones from soybeans and its effect on blood cholesterol, the participants were over 18 years old and the study time was at least 24 weeks.

Att genomgå en amputation kan upplevas som en stor livsomställning där patienten behöver acceptera förlusten av kroppsdelen för att kunna gå vidare med sitt liv och uppleva en god livskvalitet, trots en kvarvarande grundsjukdom. Patienten genomgår en transition och lär sig hantera sin nya situation och finner mening och begriplighet. Genom en känsla av sammanhang kan patienten få en ökad livskvalitet. Syftet med denna litteraturöversikt var att belysa faktorer som påverkar patientens livskvalitet efter en amputation av nedre extremitet på grund av diabetes eller kärlsjukdom. Artiklarna söktes i databaserna PubMed och Cinahl, där inklusionskriterierna var amputation av nedre extremiteter som genomförts på grund av diabetes eller kärlsjukdom.

Infektion med hjärtmask (Dirofilaria immitis) är endemisk bland hund och katt i stora delar av världen, bland annat södra Europa och de flesta delstater i USA. I Sverige anses det i nuläget inte finnas risk för inhemsk smitta. Faktorer som klimatförändringar och förflyttning av sällskapsdjur inom Europa kan öka risken för spridning till tidigare fria områden. Denna litteraturstudie ger en översikt över hur smittspridning av Dirofilaria immitis sker samt hur dess förutsättningar ser ut i Sverige. För att smittspridning av Dirofilaria immitis ska kunna ske krävs närvaro av mikrofilaremiska hundar, myggor som fungerar som mellanvärdar och vektorer, samt ett klimat som tillåter utveckling av mikrofilarier till det infektiösa stadiet L3 i mellanvärden.

The cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus) is one of the big feline species kept in zoos worldwide. The wild populations are quite small and therefore the captive population make up an important part of the total population of the world. Although life in the wild is not always easy and a captive environment provides shelter and food it does not come without problems. In captivity cheetahs become chronically ill and also develop stereotypic behaviours. Neither of these are problems in wild populations and both can be linked to stress in captivity.

Bakgrund: Självmord är den vanligaste dödsorsaken bland unga, en tonåring tar sitt liv varje vecka. 30-70% av dem som tar livet av sig är deprimerade, 90-95% har haft någon psykisk sjukdom. Syfte: Syftet med litteraturstudien var att belysa vårdpersonalens åtgärder för att förebygga suicid hos deprimerade barn och ungdomar. Metod: En allmän litteratur studie genom sökning av kvalitativa och kvantitativa artiklar i elektroniska databaser och genom manuell sökning. Sammanlagt 10 artiklar granskades och analyserades.

This paper is based on a literature review and interviews made with managers in small-scale nurseries for pot plant production. The review helped to identify the worst occupational hazards in pot plant production. The interviews provided a way to investigate how the nurseries act so as to avoid the worst hazards and what they do to even out work intensive periods during the season in order to get a more even distribution of work over the year. According to available statistics problems with back and shoulders are the most common of the physical disorders and the risk for occupational accidents are high for greenhouse workers. Most of the occupational injuries are connected to musculoskeletal problems. The handling of material is often manual and involves frequent lifting and carrying of heavy loads, the strenuous work postures and static muscular tensions these repetitive tasks are associated with causes straining and overloading.

Matrix metalloproteinaser (MMPs) är en grupp proteolytiska enzymer som degraderar komponenter i vävnaders extracellulära matrix (ECM). Dessa proteiner spelar en viktig roll i många fysiologiska och patologiska processer. Enzymerna anses vara delaktiga vid olika typer av hjärtsjukdomar där de genom att utöva sin effekt påverkar sammansättningen hos ECM. Aktiviteten hos MMPs hämmas av TIMPs (tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases) som är enzymernas specifika inhibitorer. Balans mellan nedbrytning och uppbyggnad av ECM är nödvändigt för att bibehålla hjärtvävnadens normala struktur och funktion.

En traumatisk kris är en reaktion på en yttre händelse och omständighet. Krisen har fyra faser som de drabbade går igenom, där chockfasen är den första och slutar med nyorienteringsfasen. Studien syftar till att utifrån ett emotionssociologiskt perspektiv studera fyra kvinnliga informanters upple-velser och känslor under och efter en traumatisk kris, som består av kata-strof, dödsfall och sjukdomsdiagnos. Studien söker även svar på hur infor-manternas omgivning, i form av familj och vänner, har agerat i samband med krisen. Genom kvalitativ metod med intervjuer berättar fyra krisdrab-bade informanter om den händelse som utlöste krisen och hur de hanterade detta.

Sahlgrenska Academy at University of GothenburgDepartment of Internal Medicine and Clinical NutritionAbstractTitle: Does the number of chews affect satiation and satiety?Author: Madeleine Johansson och Helena AnderssonSupervisor: Heléne Bertéus ForslundExaminer: Frode SlindeProgramme: Dietician study programme, 180/240 ECTSType of paper: Examination paper, 15 hpDate: May 27, 2014Background: Overweight and obesity is a growing problem worldwide. In 2008, 35% of theworld's population were overweight and 11% obese , which is almost doubling since 1980,according to WHO. Recommendations on overweight and obesity is not just about what weeat but how we eat. A generally accepted recommendation is to eat slowly and chew yourfood properly in order to increase fullness and reduce energy intake.