This study was performed in order to evaluate if the method of collecting uterine secretion by the tampon-method is representative for use in studies of uterine secretions in mares. Uterine secretion collected by tampon in six mares was compared with secretion collected by aspiration, regarded to be a native sample, at the Institution of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, SLU, Uppsala. Proteinanalysis was made at the Department of Farmaceutic Bioscience, toxicological unit, Uppsala University. Cytological smears and ultrasonography was used to assess if the tampon had caused an inflammatoric reaction that could influence the protein content of the samples. The results suggest that the tampon and aspirat method do not differ when it comes to proteinconcentration, but the distribution of proteins differ between these different collection methods. This difference could not likely be explained by means of proteins due to an inflammatory reaction from the tampon, since neither the cytological nor the ultrasonographical examination gave any indications of Inflammation.

Injuries to the suspensory ligament represent a huge problem in equine veterinary medicine. As many of the affected horses are elite-competition athletes, there are high expectations on veterinarians to make these horses fully functional again. The suspensory ligament has several features which makes the healing process complicated. So far no treatment has shown to optimize the healing process. This has led to the testing of many new treatment methods, in order to find a consensus for the injury.

Inflammatory airway disease (IAD) is a respiratory disorder that most commonly affects young horses performing at a high level. The clinical signs are often mild but the disorder can cause a marked decrease in performance to a point where the horse has to be taken of training and competing. The aetiology underlying IAD is not yet fully understood. One current theory is that a type I-hypersensitivity reaction due to allergens in the environment is the cause in some horses. The most reliable diagnostic method is a bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) since it reflects the inflammatory status in the most distal parts of the lungs, which are affected in IAD.

The concentration of acute phase proteins in serum is altered as a response to Inflammation, infection or trauma. this makes these proteins potential biomarkers of unspecific pathological processes. In cattle, haptoglobin and serum amyloid A are the two acute phase proteins that show the largest increase in serum concentration as a result of inflammatory processes. The haptoglobin concentration has been shown to correlate to clinical signs as well as inflammatory processes found at post mortem examination. This feature could be useful prognosis of the individual as well as for monitoring the health status of a herd or identifying carcasses that shold be examined closer at the slaughter-house.

I takt med ökande mjölkproduktion hos dagens mjölkkor ökar också energibehovet vilket ställer stora krav på utfodringen. En stor andel kraftfoder i foderstaten kan ge upphov till en pH-sänkning i vommen och subakut vomacidos (SARA) kan uppkomma. Syftet med den här litteraturstudien var att ge en översikt över vad SARA är, vilka orsakerna är, vilka följder det kan få med särskilt fokus på fång, samt hur man kan förebygga utvecklingen av SARA. Vid utfodring med en hög andel kraftfoder bildas stora mängder flyktiga fettsyror, VFA, som kan ge upphov till en pH-sänkning om bildandet av VFA överstiger absorptionen från vommen, och SARA kan därigenom uppkomma. Vid utfodring med en högre andel kraftfoder anpassas vommens slemhinna och blir större och får därmed en större absorptiv förmåga. Vid ett snabbt byte går denna anpassning dock inte alltid tillräckligt snabbt vilket kan ge upphov till att pH sänks. Även vommens mikroflora förändras vid utfodring med en större andel kraftfoder. I samband med SARA kan olika kliniska symptom ses.

The complexity of the mast cell is becoming more prominent. From being the cell recognized just to contribute to allergic Inflammation it is now also associated with wound healing, protection against tumor growth and in recognition and defense against a wide range of pathogens. The location of the mast cell in the barrier between the external and internal environment of the body enables the cell to quickly respond to invading bacteria, virus and parasites. Diarrhea due to Escherichia coli infection, listeriosis, toxoplasmosis, Newcastle disease and bovine respiratory syncytial virus are examples of mast cell activating diseases that can affect animals in, as well as outside, the agricultural sector. Additionally, ticks and tick-borne diseases are of concern.

Feline Odontoclastic Resorptive Lesions (FORL) is a painful disease that affects feline teeth and that is increasing in prevalence. The ethiology is still rather unknown. However, research on the ultra structure of the feline tooth may help us understand why FORL is so prevalent in cats and not in other species. Since the ethiology is still unknown, there is yet no profylaxis. The pathogenesis is rather well known; the hard structure of affected teeth gradually undergo odontoclastic resorption and resorptive lesions are often partly replaced with bone- or cementum-like tissue.

Hantering av nötkreatur har börjat bli en viktig fråga i nötköttsproduktionen på grund av tilltagande rationalisering inom nötköttsproduktionen, och klara ekonomiska fördelar med allt större besättningar och större krav på arbetsmiljön. Det har uppstått behov av mer lämpliga eller förbättrade djurhanteringsanordningar. På samma gång tar frågan om säkerhet inom hantering av nötkreatur stor uppmärksamhet och man inser att det krävs mer kunskap inom det området. Man måste skydda både de som arbetar med djur och djuren själva vid alla typer av djurhantering. Detta arbete kommer förhoppningsvis att vara till hjälp för dem som dagligen hanterar djur eller planerar att köpa någon typ av hanteringsanordning.

In Sweden, the most common way to castrate a bitch is by midline approach. In this study, flank and midline approaches are compared in order to evaluate incision by the flank as an alternative technique for ovariohysterectomy in the bitch. The study was performed on straydogs in the central part of Thailand under field conditions. 32 bitches were included in the study. The castration technique was by flank and midline approach, alternating with every other bitch.

Background: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an umbrella term for ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. These are characterized by a chronic Inflammation of the intestinal mucosa. Living with chronic illness meant that life changed significantly. Quality of life was affected for these individuals and was stressful in their lives. Aim: The aim was to describe the experiences of living with inflammatory bowel disease. Method: A qualitative literature review was chosen to analyze articles that were related to the aim of this study. Results: Based on the chosen articles five themes were created; Commuting between hope and fear, symptoms of the disease and medication become everyday focus, struggling with  the new identity, desire to control the disease- do I control my illness or does it control me and social relationships are affected. Conclusion: Inflammatory bowel disease is a distressing disease and can cause limitations in social life due to lack of knowledge by others about the disease. The affected felt a loss of control in their life due to the difficulty in managing the symptoms.

Juvenil idiopatisk artrit (JIA) är en sjukdom som drabbar barn och ungdomar. JIA yttrar sig med Inflammation i lederna och orsaken till Inflammationen är okänd. Botemedel för JIA saknas men symptomen kan lindras och behandlingen strävar mot en så normal livssituation som möjligt. Syftet med studien var att belysa hur barn och ungdomar med JIA upplever och hanterar det dagliga livet. Resultatartiklarna visar sig vara motsägelsefulla angående skillnader mellan barn och ungdomar med JIA och friska barn och ungdomar.

Periodontit (Inflammation i tandens stödjevävnad) är ett vanligt problem hos sällskapshundar. Det är en mycket smärtsam sjukdom som kan leda till tandlossning. Periodontit orsakas av orala bakterier som koloniserar tandköttsfickor, varpå stödjevävnaden runt tanden bryts ner. En bakteriegrupp som ofta förekommer i dessa fickor är Treponema spp. Dessa rörliga spiroketer har ett flertal virulensfaktorer som gör det möjligt för dem att invadera och orsaka stor skada.

Osseointegrated titanium implants have become a commonly used method in edentulous jaws and today there are success rates in the magnitude of 82 % in the lower jaw and 98 % in the upper. During first year after implantation a fully normal marginal bone loss of 1-2 mm occurs. If the bone loss continues there is a risk of implant failure. High tensions in bone and Inflammation caused by bacteria are possible reasons for this problem. It has been shown that a leakage of bacterias occurs between the parts of the implant and there are theories that this has effects on the marginal bone loss. The aim of this thesis has been to increase the knowledge about microbial leakage with help of in vitro tests and virtual simulations.

Bakgrund De Quervains sjukdom ?r ett tillst?nd som k?nnetecknas av f?rtr?ngning av senor och Inflammation av synovialv?tskan i det f?rsta dorsala senfacket i handleden. Ortosen anv?nds f?r att st?dja och bibeh?lla/f?rb?ttra funktionen. Det som p?verkas av en ortosbehandling ?r en inflammatorisk process. F?r tillf?llet finns det brist p? studier som visar p?verkandet av utf?randet vid ortos behandlingen.

Mammary gland neoplasia is one of the most common diseases in the bitch and the most common neoplastic disease. More than 13 % of the female dog population in Sweden suffers from mammary tumors during their lifetime. The disease can affect bitches in all ages but most often middle aged and older dogs. Some breeds such as Poodle and English Setter are predisposed for the disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate if it is possible to improve the post surgical healing process by using a pressure pad.