Räckvidden av artikel 82 i EG-fördraget framgår inte tydligt av fördragstexten och en förståelse för dess tillämpningsområde kräver en undersökning av rättspraxis. Uppsatsens syfte är att klargöra tillämpningen av artikel 82 på marknader där ingen dominerande ställning existerar. Förstainstansrättens och EG-domstolens benägenhet att utvidga tillämpningen av artikel 82 har varit sparsam, vilket framgår av antalet fall rörande angränsande marknader. Det senaste målet var T-201/04, Microsoft v Commission, där Förstainstansrätten kunde ha utvecklat Kommissionens resonemang, som för övrigt var mycket djupgående, men nöjde sig med att bekräfta dess beslut. Även i den rättsvetenskapliga litteraturen är behandlingen av området tämligen begränsad, och bunden till målet C-333/94P, Tetra Pak International SA v Commission.

The purpose of this study has been to examine the archival management at the 14 Student Nations in Uppsala. This may be relevant to study to extend the research in the field that Berndt Frediksson calls ?empirical archival science?. Another reason is that the Student Nations hold a unique position as organisations and their archivists holds a unique position from a professional point of view as they mostly consist of students without professional archivist training. I have mainly focused on why the archival management at the Nations looked as they did.

IIUniversity of KalmarSchool of Human SciencesPolitical ScienceTitle ? Jag förstår inte varför svenska manliga politiker är så rädda för de kvinnligapolitikerna?Author: Git Franzen Ekström  IIUniversity of KalmarSchool of Human SciencesPolitical ScienceTitle ? Jag förstår inte varför svenska manliga politiker är så rädda för de kvinnligapolitikerna?Author: Git Franzen EkströmAbstractIn the year of 2007, Sweden was the most equal country in the world, and the Philippines wasranked as number six of 128 countries, by the organization World Economic Forum. Thisthesis is a study of female politicians and power in Sweden and in the Philippines. Do thefemale politicians perceive that they have just as much power as the males have? I haveinterviewed 18 female politicians in a small city in Sweden, and 12 female politicians in thelocal and provincial politic in the Philippines.

The purpose with this essay is to find out how aware students are about the environment, andif they believe that their actions can influence the environment. I have used both earlierresearch and questionnaire surveys in order to fulfill the purpose. In earlier research, I haveused research based on materials that are scientific. According to the researchers it isimportant that the children and young people become involved and dedicated to theenvironment and its surrounding world. It is important to listen to the children's thoughts andvisions as they are aware about what happens, but do not reflect on the worst, but hope that itbecomes an improvement in the future.

Denna uppsats behandlar några frågeställningar i samband med bristtäckningsansvar. Bestämmelserna om bristtäckningsansvar reviderades i samband med införandet av den nya aktiebolagslagen som trädde ikraft 1 januari 2006. Tre särskilda ansvarssituationer varpå en utomstående kan åläggas bristtäckningsansvar vid en olovlig värdeöverföring kommer främst att belysas. Dessa är medverkansansvar för ?annan?, medverkansansvar för faktiska och formella företrädare samt medverkansansvar på grund av mottagande i andra hand.

Introduction: Good hand hygiene practice is the single most important measure to reduce the spread of bacteria and viruses in healthcare. For nurses, this has become more important as the spread of multidrug-resistant bacteria in hospitals is increasingObjective: To identify factors that are important for adherence to hand hygiene among health care workers with patient contact.Method: Systematic literature review. Original articles were searched in PubMed and Cinahl.Results: Factors of importance for compliance was profession, lack of time, knowledge/education, physical work environment, attitudes toward hand hygiene, and dry hands.Conclusion: More education, less workload and more visible placement of hand disinfectant containers are examples of actions that could lead to the improvement of staff hand hygiene and reduce the incidence of healthcare associated infections. Due to the fact that health care workers around the world have different training and approaches, the result of this study may be difficult to use. To increase adherence to hand hygiene, a similar study limited to a specific country, such as Sweden, would therefore be interesting to carry through.Keywords: hand hygiene, Infection Control, Compliance..

Approximately 20% of the milk within the udder of a cow is stored in the cistern and immediately available for milk removal, while activation of the milk ejection reflex is required for removing the remaining milk stored in the alveolar compartment. The aim of this literature review is to describe, evaluate and consider implications of the three different suckling activities that the calf displays during a suckling bout. In terms of milking, these phases are represented by pre-stimulation, stimulation during milking and post-stimulation. Pre-stimulation is commonly performed in order to induce the milk ejection reflex, whereby the hormone oxytocin is released and the alveoli in the secretory tissue are contracted. Time requirements regarding pre-stimulation must be considered in relation to lactation stage and milking interval.

The aim of the study was to describe how managers at the eldercare system especially in nursing homes work to ensure high quality care. For this purpose, a qualitative method was used in this study and four managers at nursing home have been interviewed. Previous studies have shown that managers in some cases are restricted in their actions and that this may slow down the improvement of the care. At the same time the managers describe their work as demanding and diverse. They have a significant staff responsibility, meaning that they have to ensure the quality of care.

Enligt WHO (2012) ska förlossningsvård innebära att kvinnan ska kunna föda sitt barn på ett säkert och tryggt sätt. Hon ska kunna känna att hon får en säker vård och bli omhändertagen. För att den födande kvinnan ska få en positiv förlossningsupplevelse har kontinuerligt stöd visat sig vara av ytterska vikt. Syftet med denna tvärsnittsstudie var att undersöka kvinnors upplevelser av förlossningsvården i Göteborg och se om det fanns några skillnader i förlossningsvården på Sahlgrenska Universitetssjukhuset/Östra och Sahlgrenska Universitetssjukhuset Mölndal. Mätinstrumentet KUPP (Kvalitet Ur Patientens Perspektiv) som modifierats för att passa förlossningssjukvården användes.

Background: Home health care means that patients receive care in their home. Äldrevårdsenheten in Uppsala County treats people, over 65 years, in the patient's home and because of the fact that the quality of care from the patient´s perspective not have been studied previously, this study as part of the quality control of the business.Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate how patients, and family members, who receive care within the Äldrevårdsenheten in Uppsala County experiencing the care provided in the home.Method: Interview study with qualitative analysis.Results: Patients who are cared for within the Elderly Care Unit in Uppsala County Council has a positive experience of home care. Being cared for in the home creates a sense of security and calm in the patients rather than the stress and fear of long waits in the emergency department and planning advice from medical appointments . In contrast, perceived lack of physicians in home care and accessibility to health care staff.Conclusion: In general, patients in the Elderly Care Unit in Uppsala County Council very pleased with the opportunity to the treatment they received at home. However, there are some weaknesses that need improvement. .

Knowledge organization is perceived as a central, constituting activity defining the notion of libraries. Critique calling for a new theoretical foundation voiced by active researchers within library and information science concerning the current knowledge organization has been utilized as a point of departure. Specifications concerning a new theoretical foundation implied by these critiques are considered within this thesis and theory found in The Order of Things by Michel Foucault proposed as an alternative theory for understanding knowledge organization as a human science where meaning, value and representation, by which the ordering of things is possible, is acknowledged as a result of human activity and history. Thus meaning, value and representation must be perceived as dynamic. An example of implementation of the proposed theory has been achieved by the use of bibliometrics.

Vid objektorienterad systemutveckling är det viktigt att man genomför en analys- och designfas, dels för att man inom ett utvecklingsteam lättare ska kunna visualisera hur ett system är tänkt att bli och dels för att kunna fånga och åskådliggöra kundens krav. Till sin hjälp i dessa faser har man metoder/processer och modelleringsspråk. Varje företag har i regel haft sin egen variant av ovan nämnda, men allteftersom kom kravet på en gemensam standard att bli oundvikligt. Sedan ett antal år tillbaka finns nu en standard. Trots det finns det säkert företag kvar som ännu inte antagit denna standard.

Användandet, eller frånvaron, av öppen källkodsprogramvaror inom offentlig sektor är något som på senare tid har diskuterats flitigt både i artiklar och i internetanslutna diskussionsforum. Den offentliga sektorns behov av investeringar i nya IT-system kommer dessutom att öka i och med realiseringen av Statskontorets vision om 24-timmarsmyndigheten. Detta examensarbete undersöker hur välbekant begreppet öppen källkod är, vilka attityder som finns mot begreppet och hur stor utbredningen av öppen källkodsprogramvaror är hos Sveriges kommuner. Av resultatet framkommer att 60 % av alla IT-chefer och motsvarande i kommunerna känner till begreppet väl, att 80 % av alla tillfrågade upplever öppen källkod som något positivt och att drygt 30 % av alla kommuner redan använder någon form av programvara baserad på öppen källkod. De viktigaste fördelarna med öppen källkodsprogramvaror är den låga kostnaden, tillgången till all källkod och att man snabbt kan få del av andras förbättringar. I flera länder i både Europa och Asien, såväl som Sydamerika förekommer rekommendationer, eller åtminstone diskussioner, om hur öppen källkod bäst kan användas för att stödja den offentliga sektorn i respektive länder. För att användningen av öppen källkodsprogramvaror skall ta fart även bland Sveriges kommuner krävs fler leverantörer av support och andra kringtjänster, ytterligare förbättring av säkerheten hos programvarorna, samt mer information om vad begreppet faktiskt innebär..

AbstractTitle: Cancer in media from a gender perspectiveNumber of pages: 33 (49 including enclosures)Author: Emma KreüTutor: Amelie HössjerCourse: Media- and Communication science DPeriod: Spring 2007University: Division of Media and Communication, Department of Information Science, Uppsala UniversityPurpose/Aim: The aim of this thesis is to investigate if there are differences between the picture given in media of women with cancer and of men with cancer. The result is aimed to give a deeper picture of how gender is represented in media.Material/Method: The method used in this thesis is discourse analysis, applied on twenty articles which contained personal interviews with women and men who have or have had breast or prostate cancer. Ten of the articles contain interviews with women and ten interviews with men. The articles were selected from criteria based on where and when they were published. They were picked from the two largest papers in Sweden, Dagens Nyheter (DN) and Aftonbladet (AF), ten from each paper, of which five were interviews with women and five with men.

This Master of Science Thesis was a complement project to the PIEp study MENTOL, carried out at a Swedish midsize medical device company.. PIEp nationally works for a long-term increase of the innovation capability of people and organizations. The purpose of this study was to find measuring parameters of innovation that fit medium-sized technological companies and organizations, Another purpose was to evaluate an innovation investment at the company, consisting of external consultant?s education of key personnel in innovation, and a two day innovation seminar with all personnel at the company participating. The methods used during this Master of Science Thesis were: feasibility and literature studies about innovation and innovation measurements, quantitative and qualitative interviews, surveys and workshops.For an accurate measure of innovation it is crucial to a have full understanding of what innovation is, and clarity of the purpose of the measurement itself.