To be able to plan for the expansion of a town, one needs a vision of the future appear-ance of the town. It is the current issues (social situation, supply and demand, political control etc.) which decide what the ideal for town planning is. This is turn is the steering factor of the physical structure of the town. Therefore, the town's structure is decided by these ideals.In this report, I will present planning ideals that have historically been, and which criticisms that have been directed towards them. With reference to these issues, I will present those guidelines and ideals we have today for planning of our towns.

Den här magisteruppsatsen behandlar två perspektiv på ledarskap som jag kallar för statiskt och kulturellt. Det statiska perspektivet handlar om att betrakta ledarskapskompetenser som oföränderliga och därför samma i alla situationer. I kontrast till detta står det kulturella perspektivet som handlar om att betrakta ledarskapskompetenser som processer. Syftet i den här uppsatsen är att påvisa att dessa två ledarskapsperspektiv förekommer och att i en empirisk kontext pröva de här perspektiven för att se om och hur de får stöd av deltagarna i studien. Genom den hermeneutiska metoden har jag intervjuat fem deltagare som är svenska ledare med många års erfarenhet av ledarskap. De respresenterar olika branscher och företag.

Denna undersökning syftar till att ta reda på vad avgångsstudenter på det fyraåriga sjökaptensprogrammet har för syn på sin egen ledarstil utifrån sina erfarenheter från sin fartygsförlagda utbildning, sin tidigare arbetslivserfarenhet och utifrån teoretiska kunskaper som de inhämtat från den ledarskapskurs som ligger i programmet. Metoden för denna undersökning är kvalitativ, med semistrukturerade intervjuer och litteraturstudier. I undersökningen intervjuades tio sjökaptensstudenter. En intervjuguide användes, som stöd för intervjuaren, vid intervjuerna. Svaren på intervjuerna analyserades utifrån teorin om tre klassiska ledarskapsstilar; auktoritär, demokratisk och passiv.

The aim of the study was to describe how managers at the eldercare system especially in nursing homes work to ensure high quality care. For this purpose, a qualitative method was used in this study and four managers at nursing home have been interviewed. Previous studies have shown that managers in some cases are restricted in their actions and that this may slow down the improvement of the care. At the same time the managers describe their work as demanding and diverse. They have a significant staff responsibility, meaning that they have to ensure the quality of care.

This thesis aims to examine why women are prevented from attaining high positions in organizations. By executing a case study through qualitative interviews with employees from the Human Resource Department at the agency for Swedish Armed Forces, this study presents eight general and specific explanatory factors that hinder women from making a vertical career. The general factors include that women are discriminated against, women are perceived as less competent, men have created organizations and it is easier to recruit men. The specific factors include that a hierarchical organizational structure is correlated to inequality, that both the agency for Swedish Armed Forces and leadership are associated with masculinity and that women with civil competence face double misfortune. The division between general and specific factors indicate that the explanatory factors vary between organizations, which among other things implies that equality work should be tailored for the specific organization.

Aim and questionsThe aim of our study was to increase knowledge about successful school managers' views on teachers' mental health and their own work regarding this subject.In what ways do the school manager work preventive with measures on teachers' mental health? How does leadership affects teachers' mental health? What factors create mental health among teachers? MethodIn order to answer the questions, we have chosen to use semi-structured interviews. To get in touch with schools that have been successful with their work with the teacher's mental health, we have made a targeted step wise sample where we contacted the primary managers of six randomly selected municipalities in Stockholms län. In total six school managers have been interviewed. The empiric data were thematized and analyzed based on the demand-control-support model. ResultsAll the interviewed school managers agreed to that the concept of mental health is about feeling good, about balance in life and to feel safe.

The Swedish Armed Forces have gone through a remarkable change. From beingan organisation built on the notion of countering a Soviet invasion it has evolvedto focusing on small, multilateral rapid reaction capabilities to be used within theframework of the European security and defence policy, ESDP.This thesis regards the change as a process of Europeanisation. Drawing fromsociological and historical institutionalism, it is shown that the Swedish ArmedForces in the post-cold war context was path dependent and unwilling to redefineits historical raison d?être. The origin of the ESDP Europeanised the nationaldefence policy, whereas the bureaucracy was still unwilling to translate the newstructural norms.

Introduction: Increased ill health in the workplace in terms of increased workload, stress and pressure from employers is common in Sweden today, which may lead to a future variety of medical conditions and disabilities. Aim: The aim of the present study was to describe what employees at companies in the health industry experienced as a health and illhealth on a workplace. Method: A qualitative approach was used in which the interviews were based on an interview guide. The method of analysis was thematic analysis in which three themes emerged. Results: Tree themes emerged; a social interaction with colleagues, good leadership, and access to health care and movement.

Media a?r idag en stor del av va?rt samha?lle och har genom den teknologiska utvecklingen fa?tt en stor marknad och har kommit till att bli en stor del av va?r vardag. Hur vi pa?verkas av media och den sociala kontexten sker hela tiden, medvetet och omedvetet pa? olika sa?tt. Syftet i studien a?r att underso?ka gymnasielevers uppfattningar om hur media pa?verkar deras syn om ha?lsa och att vara ha?lsosam.Utifra?n en fenomenografisk ansats i metoden, som syftar till att hitta olika uppfattningar om ett fenomen, har eleverna i studien besvarat en skrivuppgift med o?ppna fra?gor da?r eleverna besvarat dessa med egna beskrivningar kring varje fra?ga.

Background: In 1994 came the general prescription law in force for the district nurses with specific training in pharmacology and pathology in Sweden. According to The National Board of Health and Welfare from 2004 follow-up of the use of the prescription law revealed that nearly half of the district nurses used their prescription once a week. According to previous research the district nurses and patients were positive to the district nurses administration of prescriptions. Doctors, contrariwise, were not as favorable to the district nurses administration of prescriptions. The responsibility of the heads of the health centers is to promote the district nurses to prescribe and make sure that it works in a satisfactory manner.

Under utbildningen inom samhällsbyggnad med inriktning stadsplanering på KTH har det funnits två teoretiska koncept som varit centrala och återkommande: hållbarhetsbegreppet med de tre aspekterna ekologisk, ekonomisk och social hållbarhet, samt kommunikativ planering. Dessa två, inom teorin till stor del skilda tankesfärer har under utbildningen däremot sällan diskuterats i relation till specifika praktiska kontexter varför deras kompatibilitet inte problematiserats. Denna uppsats ämnar därför utforska hur en planeringsprocess präglad av ideal om hållbarhet och kommunikativ planering kan se ut i praktiken samt diskutera vilken potential en planeringspraktik inom detta teoretiska gränsland har att svara upp mot de ideal om hållbarhet och medbestämmande som den är präglad av. Mer specifikt ämnar uppsatsen undersöka frågeställningarna:Hur ser en planeringspraktik styrd av ideal om hållbarhet och kommunikativ planering ut?Vilka begränsningar och möjligheter kan en sådan praktik vara präglad av?Studien är tvådelad och inleds med en litteraturstudie av de två teoretiska koncepten hållbarhet och kommunikativ planering för att undersöka deras kompatibilitet från ett teoretiskt perspektiv.

The aim of this study is to examine marriage as something both desirable and normal in three popular novels from the 1860s about marriage: Rosa Carlén?s Agnes Tell: en äktenskapshistoria (1860), Marie Sophie Schwartz?s Alma eller De moderna äktenskapen (1860) and Sara Pfeiffer?s Aurora Trampe (1867). Using a theoretical perspective from Michel Foucault and Judith Butler, I have analysed the novels as being producers of, and resistance against, norms.The good marriage is partly depicted as a utopian vision in the novels, which therefore functions as fantasies for the readers. But it is also depicted as a realistic possibility. Though difficult to achieve, the main characters reach the goal through individual improvement towards correct behaviour.The question for the main characters is not whether they are going to marry or not, but how to make their marriages good ones.

The aim of the study is to get a better understanding of leader's reactions in a crisis situation, and to examine whether locus of control and coping strategies can be related to leaders need for social support. The role of a leader in a crisis situation is complex and includes several aspects which must be illustrated to understand the leader's situation. Four leaders have participated in the study. The methods that have been used are questionnaires for measuring locus of control and coping and semi-structured interviews. The results show that search for social support cannot be seen as an outcome of a specific locus of control or coping strategy.

This essay is about the meeting of the pedagogic mission and the reality of the conditions in preschools. It is about the frustrations that I, as a pedagogue, experience when I cannot fulfill this mission. An example of this is working when understaffed.My purpose is the acknowledgment of two main areas of the curriculum: caring and learning. This essay demonstrates the diversity of the occupation and it ?s constant need of positioning.

The aim of the research project ?The menacing immigration and ideal Swedishness:A semiotic analysis of the Sweden Democrats campaign films? was to highlight how ethnicities are portrayed in five different campaign films produced by the Swedish party the Sweden Democrats (Sverigedemokraterna). The applied theories are stereotypes, binary oppositions as well as the theory of whiteness and blackness. The method used to analyse the campaign films are semiotics, and the tools denotation, connotation, anchoring, relay, metonymy and myths. The results show that a person?s skin colour is of minor importance.