Uppsats för avläggande av filosofie kandidatexamen iKulturvård, Bygghantverk, 22,5 hp, 2015..

I detta examensarbete studeras kommande energikrav för byggnader i Sverige och i synnerhet kraven påspecifik energianvändning. Detta mot bakgrund av EU-kommissionens och EU-parlamentets direktiv,EPBD2, om nära nollenergibyggnader 2020. Därefter bearbetas ett förslag på en nyytterväggskonstruktion som med lägre U-värde än den befintliga ytterväggen ska sänkaFiskarhedenvillans olika hustypers specifika energianvändning. Syftet med sänkningen är att möjliggöraför Fiskarhedenvillan att uppfylla de kommande energikraven.Det är många parametrar som måste uppfyllas och det nya ytterväggsförslaget analyseras förutom urenergisynpunkt även med hänsyn till statik, fukt och kostnad. Beräkningar för statik och specifikenergianvändning har gjorts för ett referenshus.Resultatet av att byta ut den befintliga ytterväggskonstruktionen mot det framarbetade förslaget medca 33 % lägre U-värde gav endast en sänkning med ca 6 % av den specifika energianvändningen.

The development of solar photovoltaic (PV) is increasing,with declining module prices and with a strongenvironmental profile. Policies are developed around theworld to achieve the targets set for renewable energy.In Helsingborg, the local power company Öresundskraft isworking with solar PV to achieve the goals of the city.With their vision: - Energy for a Better World and Powerfor the Region, their work with developing the local solarPV market is continuing and the next step is to create asolar PV policy. Today their offer is 1 SEK/kWh for theexcess electricity delivered to the grid.It turns out that compensating the customer is a vitalpolicy and it has to be dynamic to follow the decisions ofpolitics. The same survey shows indeed, thatenvironmental and technical part is of interest. Solar PVwill be supported locally to act on environmentalsustainability and locally produced electricity and withthis Öresundskrafts vision will be achieved..

Disinfection methods for drinking-water produced at the two water works of Stockholm Water Co are compared in this study. Three different nethods are compared; disinfection with chlorine gas, disinfection with sodium hypochlorite and disinfection with UV-light and monochloramine. The method used is Life cycle assessment, LCA. LCA is defined as the compilation and evaluation of the inputs, outputs and potential environmental impact of a product system shroughout its life cycle. The environmental burden is compared for the three different disinfection methods.

This study is called When the ice of the Arctic melts is the world defrosting? and written by Rebecca Fröling.The purpose of the study is to investigate how the concept ?security? is used in the Swedish arctic strategy and why the concept is described in that way. The debate of the concept ?security? has been going on for years, but the debate is still present today. What we put in to the concept is operative for how we regard and discuss security and security politics.To analyze the strategy I used two theories, one with a traditional approach and one with a critical approach to security: Realism and Copenhagen School.The method that has been applied to the study is qualitative content analysis, to be able to analyze the text on the depth.

Denna uppsats syftar till att ta fram ett teoretiskt underlag för hur miljöprojektet CLICC (Climate Living In Cities Concept) i Malmö skulle kunna utvecklas med hjälp av teorier kring de relativt nya begreppen Spelifiering och Captology. Målet är att förbättra den miljökommunikativa processen där de boende i bostadsförening Hilda ska motiveras att minska sina koldioxidutsläpp med 50 procent. Metoden för denna studie utgörs av en kombinerad litteratur- och en fallstudie. Forskningen kring Spelifiering, Captology och miljökommunikation utgör grunden för denna studie. Detta har sedan kompletterats med en intervju där Miljöförvaltningens projektansvarige för CLICC har gett sin bild av projektet och de hinder som existerar. Uppsatsen utmynnar i ett antal teoretiskt grundade förslag som behandlar möjligheten att, med hjälp av Spelifiering och Captology, överbrygga miljökommunikativa hinder och uppmuntra de boende till att både delta i projektet och förändra sin livsstil i en mer miljöanpassad riktning..

Emissions of insufficiently treated wastewater, mainly blackwater (i.e. wastewater from toilets), contributes to the eutrophication of lakes and seas. At the same time, blackwater is a fraction with a low content of heavy metals and, after sanitization, it can recirculate plant nutrients to arable land using the liquid composting treatment method. Liquid composting means that organic material is degraded under aerobic conditions. For sanitization, the blackwater needs to be treated together with energy-rich complementary material.

The Rya power plant in Borås produces district heating, district cooling and electricity. The plant is owned by Borås Energi och Miljö AB and is run by Dalkia Facility Management AB.In order to get the best heat exchange from the district hot water a pair of twin pumps and a turbine circuit pump are used as return pumps. Turbine circuit pumps are used to increase the pressure through the heat exchangers at the power plant. The pumps are in use when the flow is over 2 000 m3 h-1 and during the summer when re-cooling is used to improve the effectivens of the heat boilers.Since the pumps, that are parallel connected, rotating at a fixed rate per minute, the pressure is regulated with regulating valves. This report shows that during the 4,300 hours that the pumps where in use, energy corresponding to 590 MWh was wasted.

Stump biomass is energy rich and stump harvesting for use as fuel become more and more interesting in Sweden. Swedish Forest Agency (2009) has estimated that stump harvesting in Sweden would respond to an annual energy supply of 57 TWh/year. However, stump has not been recognized as a bioenergy resource in Sweden. Suitable methods for pre-treatment of stump are probably of great importance to make it accepted as fuel. It is therefore rewarding to carry out an investigation in this area for stump. This report represents results from a diploma project, which was aimed to develop a fixed bed reactor for experimental study of biomass torrefaction, followed by TG analysis and kinetic modelling employing Ozawa method and different kinetic models including one-step and three-pseudo-component models.

Erosion in coastal areas is a common problem all around the world. The range of the problem depends on several factors, i.e. type of bed-rock and soil, wind and wave climate. Another factor is whether the area is of high interest, i.e. if the area is important for tourism and recreation, if there are houses and other buildings close to the shoreline or if it is a site of special scientific interest.

This thesis concerns how local governments use the concept sustainable development, and what the concept means. The concept of Agenda 21 and local Agenda 21 will also be discussed in this essay, because it's an instrument for local governments to specify their work towards sustainable development. I have interviewed civil servants in leading positions in the municipalities? work with environmental questions and sustainable development. In the choice of method for this thesis, I use the qualitative method and for the interviews I chose the ?semi structure way of interviewing?.This thesis shows that local governments? implementation of sustainable development and Agenda 21 differ between the municipalities.

The company Olofsfors AB manufactures drive belts for forest machinery, known as ECO-Tracks, and abrasion-resistant steel and cutting edges for graders, excavators and tractors, known as Bruxite and SharqEdges. Manufacturing these products requires the steel to be heated and molded, then submerged in water and hardened. The water used in the hardening of steel is pumped to the process from pits below the floor and then pumped back to the pit after it?s been used. Since the temperature of this water rises after being used to harden the steel the temperature of the pumping pit needs to be adjusted to maintain its setpoint of 21°C.

Milk yield levels in dairy cows are influenced by many factors such as nutrition, breed, health status, management and environment. This study was conducted among small scale farmers in Zambia, where the climate can be dry for up to six months per year and cause a lack of green pasture for livestock and on-farm produced feed. The purpose of this study was to identify management factors that can influence milk yield at small scale dairy farms in Zambia, and present advice that could improve productivity, without the need of expensive investments. The study included semi-structured questionnaires presented to the farmers (n=29) including questions about cattle management and milk production. Testing of somatic cell count (SCC) with DCC (DeLaval Cell Counter) from herd milk samples (n=56) and observation of housing and animal body condition on-farm was also made.

This thesis aims to identify the building integrated photovoltaic solutions available in the market with respect to general pros and cons of different systems and a technical description of there attachment system. Investigate and provide examples of various building integrated photovoltaic solutions in Sweden and describe the experiences and results of these projects.The methods used to obtain relevant information are interviews with individuals involved in significant projects and a thorough search of different solutions from solar suppliers.The conclusion is that solar energy is needed for a sustainable society. There are endless opportunities regarding BIPV, with many companies with different products and individual solutions. But so far it?s not so customary in Sweden.

The purpose of this study was to find possible explanations to why the studied herd had an increased incidence of abomasal displacements. The incidence of abomasal displacement in the herd was three times higher than the incidence of an average Swedish herd. The cows in this study were fed a total mixed ration. The different parameters studied were: energy content in food, nutritional content in food, body condition scoring, concomitant other diseases, and blood parameters of glucose, fructosamine, cholesterol, insulin, betahydroxybutyrat and free fatty acids. The author?s suggestions to decrease the problems are to decrease the energy content in the TMR to lower the cows? body condition scores in the dry period and changing the content in the TMR to increase the amount of NDF and adding structure in the form of chopped straw.