The need for snow-free surfaces at squares, bus stops, platforms, car parks and sports facilities increases and at the same time energy price rise and the environment is becoming a hotter issue. The construction of the ground heating systems often lack thermal insulation under the heating pipes, which means that the heat from the pipes not only warm up the soil surface but also heats the surrounding soil. The insulation also has more features, by insulating the risk of frost damage is minimized. The goal of this report is to demonstrate the large heat loss and energy costs in the absence of insulation under the heating system.The report begins with a scientific way to study and treating the soil heating system uses, and the theory involved. Furthermore it also deals with different routing principles of heat pipes depending on the facility.All calculations are made with so called finite element method (FEM), in COMSOL Multiphysics 3,5a, where models are created with different conditions.

During the last year?s Swedish agriculture have had difficult times, with decreasing prices and at the same time increasing production costs, which has led to bad profitability and faith in the future. The dairies in Sweden have also had a rough time and there have been large rationalizations during the years. In the beginning of the 20th century there were almost 1700 diaries in the Swedish countryside. There has been a large technical development during the 20th century resulting in a decrease in diaries to only 46 in the whole country today. They are owned by 15 diary companies, of which 7 large and dominate on the market and the rest are small-scale companies. With this development the confidence and feeling for the diary companies also has decreased.

Syfte med denna uppsats är att undersöka hur personalen på två gruppbostäder, enligt Lagen om stöd och service till vissa funktionshindrade, utformar stöd gentemot de boende på gruppbostäderna. Avgränsningen är dragen till att undersöka matsituationen där denna är uppdelad i de fyra delarna: planering, inhandling, matlagning och måltiden som social konstruktion. Det empiriska materialet har samlats in genom kvalitativa intervjuer med personal från gruppbostäderna och fokus är att undersöka huruvida de boende får vara delaktiga och självbestämmande i matsituationen. Det framkommer i undersökningen att förhållandet mellan boende och personal är komplext och att personalen påverkar de boende på explicita såväl som implicita sätt. Då stödet som erbjuds till stor del grundar sig i en normalisering så påverkas de boende bland annat till att tillaga varierad kost samt att äta nyttig mat.

The purpose of this study was to understand what the care recipients considering as care quality in their long-term eldercare. Our intention has been to contribute a bit to the development of the care work. Previous studies show that user surveys are carried out regularly but there is very few studies that are based on care recipients own opinions and experiences. The main questions in the study have been to examine what is considered as good elder care from a user perspective. Even to understand the characteristics of a good meeting with the care staff and also examine how the elder care in Nybro municipality can improve.

Introduction: A general guideline was introduced on October first 2010 regarding a mortgage cap, limiting the degree of leverage of housing as collateral. Through the new guidelines the marked conditions concerning consumers? choice of mortgage has changed. The consumers are limited in the sense that they can?t only use mortgage when purchasing a house.

Pipe replacements with bathroom renovations are complex construction projectshighly dependent on the construction work carried out in the residents? homes whilethe residents still live there. This fact makes the flow of information from contractorsto the residents of an important success factor. In the current situation thecontractor, Aros Bygg & Förvaltning AB, notifies the residents? information throughpaper notification, which gives managing the work involves a lot of paper work.This thesis examines whether and to what extent the contractor may replace thepaper notification with a web-based information channel.

This BSc thesis is a part of an initial step of a collaboration between Skansen and Kenyan Wildlife Service (KWS) and constitutes of an inventory of the Nairobi Animal Orphanage run by KWS. Animal Orphanage takes care of orphaned and injured animals arriving from throughout Kenya. The project started out as a refuge and as a temporary place for animals in need of care and help. With time it has evolved to an establishment that resembles and functions more like an animal zoo. The aim of this inventory is to focus on how the biological needs of Congo grey parrots ( Psittacus erithacus erithacus) and cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus) are met, in terms of management and housing.

The aim of this dissertation is to examine why smaller municipalities[1] in Sweden experience difficulties when implementing the 16 environmental objectives that are designed to solve Sweden's environmental problems.The theoretical framework used for this dissertation is implementation theory which provides three conditions that need to be met in order to have a successful implementation.  These three conditions have shaped the research questions that examine if Torsby municipality has the "understanding," "ability" and "will" needed to implement the decision correctly.  The dissertation employs a case study method to examine why Torsby municipality has experienced difficulties implementating the target: programmes and strategies for planning, which is an interim target to environmental objective number 15: A good built environment.  Qualitative text analysis and interviews with politicians and civil servants from Torsby municipality and the county administration board of Värmland have been conducted in order to answer the research questions.   The material used for this dissertation is mostly from the government bills that are the foundation of the Swedish environmental policy and the documents and reports about the environmental objectives that the National Board of Housing, Building and Planning (Boverket), the Swedish Environmental protection agency (Naturvårdsverket), and the Environmental objectives council (Miljörådet) have released.The result of this dissertation supports previous research which has shown that smaller municipalities have problems implementating the environmental objectives due to a lack of financial resources. This dissertation also shows that the problems can be due to a lack of understanding the purpose of the objectives.  This leads to a lack of political will to implement the objectives.  Since the municipalities do not have the political will to implement the objectives the appropriate resources needed for a successful implementation are not appointed and therefore the municipalities are not able to fully implement the environmental objectives. [1] Municipalities with less than 20 000 inhabitants..

The purpose with the study was to find a pattern in the behaviour of dairy cows which could be related to their social rank. A behavioural study was conducted at the University Cattle Research Centre (Kungsängen) in Uppsala, Sweden. The study included 12 lactating dairy cows, 6 high ranked and 6 low ranked. The cows were housed in a loose housing barn with an automatic milking system (AMS) to which they had access 24 hours a day. During the experiment the total number of cows in the barn was 46.

Storstäderna växer och folk vill bo allt mer centralt, men det finns inte mycket yta att bygga på ifall man inte vill offra naturområden. En lösning är att bygga på höjden, det vill säga öka antalet våningar. Det är vad denna uppsats handlar om och hur bostads- och hyresrättsföreningar kan dra nytta av detta genom att öka sin ekonomiska vinning, samtidigt som de gör samhället en tjänst och är med och mättar behovet.Det denna uppsats kommer att behandla är hur ekonomin i olika föreningar ändras i samband med takpåbyggnad med en eller flera våningar och hur detta skiljer sig utifrån olika tekniska lösningar. Syftet är att utifrån detta skapa en uppsats som kan gagna framtida fastigheter som överväger att göra en sådan ombyggnation. De metoder vi kommer använda är granskning av dokumentation och handlingar från olika föreningar som har genomgått en takpåbyggnad av en eller flera våningar.

Detta arbete behandlar hur en bostads- och verksamhetsutbyggnad i Älö by skulle kunna ske. Det övergripande syftet med arbetet är att genom planering skapa förutsättningar för en hållbar utveckling i tätortsnära landsbygd med avseende på områdets natur- och kulturvärden, försörjning och social samhörighet. Problemformuleringen består av tre frågor; hur nya bostäder i Älö kan planeras för att bevara dagens glesa landsbygdskaraktär, hur bevarande av Älös funktionsblandning i form av lantbrukande, småföretagande och hur boende kan kombineras med nya bostäder och ökad turism utan att förstöra byns kvaliteter. Metoden för arbetet var en kombination av litteraturstudier, intervjuer och ett analyserande planförslag. Litteraturen som studerades var tvärsektoriell och belyste landsbygden utifrån historia, dagens situation och hur framtidens landsbygd kan komma att se ut. Intervjuer som genomfördes var gruppintervjuer med semi-struktur. Dessa tillsammans med litteraturstudien var grunden i utformningen av planförslaget. Den teoretiska bakgrunden inleds med hur historiska skiftesreformer, by- och gårdstyper har påverkat landsbygdens utseende.

AbstractOur bachelor degree thesis was carried out in collaboration with Ivar Petterssons Järnmanufaktur AB in Smålandsstenar. We were asked to replace their wedge housing, used to fasten the wires to the power lines, with a similar structure in a plastic material. The idea for this project started with Ivar Petterssons Järnmanufaktur AB having problems with the casting quality that forced them to perform expensive tests on each of the wedge houses to ensure the quality. They are currently produced in China which is also a major drawback because it requires expensive long delivery times.The method we used is Fredy Olsson's Princip- and Primärkonstuktion (1995). We have consistently been in the project on so-called "broad front", which means that you create several sketches, ideas and changes in parallel, and then evaluates all.

Denna uppsats har fokus på platser som är möjliga att tala om som mellanrum. Till skillnad från planerade och kontrollerade platser i staden, talas det ofta om mellanrum som oplanerade, okontrollerade och övergivna platser. Enligt forskning av mellanrum, präglas dessa platser av en rad olika motsättningar. Arkitekter och planerare har en tendens att se på mellanrum som överblivna platser utan värde och som en markreserv i väntan på en framtida stadsutveckling. Trots detta används dessa platser av människor, som snarare ser på mellanrum som värdefulla platser och som en slags frizon för människor och aktiviteter som inte ges något utrymme på planerade och kontrollerade platser i staden.

Background: The real estate market has previously been subsidized by the government. The construction has been characterized by standardization and large scale complex. In the current situation there are other conditions on the real estate market, subsidies do not occur at the same degree and the market is more competitive. Customer influence has also changed. Today the customers want to customize their apartment by personal needs and lifestyle.

Competition is keen in the fashion industry of today. Homogenous products and prices aredriving competition and most firms are struggling hard to attract customers. Brands havebecome one of the most important assets for success and are often critical for the choices of theconsumers. A strong brand is often considered as a substantial value in the eyes of the consumerand gives the individual firm a competitive advantage in the marketplace. To build a strongbrand it takes that the brand identity not is in conflict with the brand image of a firm or a product.Sometimes one of these conflicts exit and sometimes the firms are not even aware of it.In this thesis we study how two firms, Lindex and Prada, perceive their own image and then wecompare how the images of the firms are perceived by the customers.