Luftvägssjukdomar är ett av de vanligaste hälsoproblemen hos kalvar och utgör en betydande kostnad för branschen. Luftvägssjukdomar är komplexa till sin natur och uppkommer endast då en kombination av faktorer som inkluderar djuret, miljön och infektiösa agens förekom-mer. Ofta är den primära patogenen ett virus och den påföljande lunginflammationen orsakas av bakterier. Ett bidragande virus, BVDV, har genom ett frivilligt kontrollprogram utrotats i Norden och det finns potential att utrota även BRSV. Genom en ökad förståelse för biosäker-het och hur ventilation av mikromiljöer, gruppstorlek och ålderssammansättning påverkar smittrycket och luftvägshälsan hos kalvar kan byggnader och management-rutiner som mini-merar risken för respiratoriska sjukdomar utformas..

About 35 years ago the WHO advocated that countries with injecting drug users should introduce the so-called needle exchange programs (NEP) to curb the spread of infection by blood-borne diseases. In Sweden the first NEP started 1985 in Lund, but the program was extremely controversial in a country with such a restrictive drug policy like Sweden.The study you are about to read shall process this controversy, when a NEP opened in Stockholm, by analyzing the articles published in the newspapers Dagens Nyheter and Svenska Dagbladet. By using discourse analysis as a processing tool we?ll try to see the difference between the two chosen newspapers. We will identify and analyze the different participant?s, such as doctors, politicians, user associations and media, arguments in the needle exchange issue.

This literature review summarizes available data on infection with the parasitic roundworm, Ascaridia galli, as a cause of disease in poultry, including the consequences of a conversion to alternative production systems. Ascaridia galli has a direct life cycle with resistant eggs that survive and are easily spread in the environment, especially in systems with bedding materials where the faecal contact is high. The infection is usually subclinical but depending on the infection dose, the symptoms range from weight loss and diarrhea to mortality. Factors such as the feed composition and genetic variation among different hybrids clearly affect the establishment rate of the infection. Ascaridia galli will probably become an increasing problem, with a shift from the traditional battery cages to alternative systems where the risk of re-infection is high.

Samhället förändras i en allt snabbare takt och med det ökar också stressen bland individer och därmed stressrelaterade sjukdomar. Genom att bedriva en hälsofrämjande hälso- och sjukvård kan många livsstilssjukdomar förebyggas. Fysisk aktivitet sägs vara stressreducerande och ha goda effekter på stressrelaterade symtom. Syftet i föreliggande litteraturstudie var att beskriva samband mellan stress och fysisk aktivitet. Femton kvantitativa vetenskapliga artiklar återspeglas i resultatet som i sin tur är indelat i fyra olika kategorier: fysisk aktivitet minskar stress, fysisk aktivitet påverkar stress i ett dos-responsförhållande, fysisk aktivitet minskar inte stress samt stress har effekter på fysisk aktivitetsnivå.

AbstractThe purpose with this essay has been to gain a greater understanding and clarify how an arena can create value within place marketing and development of a place brand. This will be achieved through a description of which values an arena causes in the surrounding areas and an understanding of how these values can be interpreted through the place brand. We decided to base our study according to the following two questions:1. What are the underlying reasons why there has been such a big trend with arena project?2.

The aim of this thesis is to examine the underlying causes for the opening of Karlstad Public Library. In doing so a theory based on the actor/structure model within social theory is used. The structures and actors are intertwined and therefore need to be analysed together. To do so the theory poses a series of questions that needs to be answered. The method used is document analysis.

Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to investigate potential associations between usage of the cash flow statement report and time perspective in which companies? acts and set goals. Method: Our approach is quantitative, using empirical data summarized in a statistical procedure. The result is thereafter analysed through the developed analysis model from which conclusion is drawn. Results: We have in the investigation stated that the usage of the cash flow statement report varies depending on the time perspective in which companies? acts.

The concept of sustainable development is a challenge that demands cooperation from all levels of society for it to be successful. The focus for this thesis is how politicians within the local councils understand the concept of sustainable development and how they implement it in political decision-making.The basis for the study is a questionnaire that was distributed to 303 local politicians in three municipalities of varying size in Southern Sweden. The study concentrates on departments within the local councils that are directly connected to the Swedish environmental law and the Swedish planning and construction law. One of the primary goals with the aforementioned laws is the achievement of sustainable development within one generation.The outcome of the study was that over half of the local politicians could correctly define sustainable development according to the World Commission on Environment and Development?s (WCED) definition.

AbstractThe purpose with this essay has been to gain a greater understanding and clarify how an arena can create value within place marketing and development of a place brand. This will be achieved through a description of which values an arena causes in the surrounding areas and an understanding of how these values can be interpreted through the place brand. We decided to base our study according to the following two questions:1. What are the underlying reasons why there has been such a big trend with arena project?2.

The increased media clutter requires of brand managers to be innovative and creative in their choices of marketing communications in order for brands to be salient in the minds of consumers. Recent studies emphasize incongruent marketing as a means of "standing out" from this competitive clutter and reaching existing and new potential customers. The aim of this thesis is to examine the effects of brand incongruent sponsorships (sponsorships which are incongruent with established brand associations) on consumer response to well-established brands from the perspective of high and low levels of loyalty. A quantitative survey was conducted and the results show that incongruent sponsorships improve brand attitude, brand interest and brand credibility, while not affecting ad attitude, purchase intention and word-of-mouth intention for customers of low loyalty. For highly loyal customers the findings were that brand attitude, brand interest, brand credibility, purchase intention and word-of-mouth intention remained unchanged while ad attitude decreased.

Miljonprogramsområden tillförs ofta negativa attribut och ses av många som ett stort samhällsproblem. Därför är det viktigt att konkretisera vilka problem som finns för att bättre förstå hur de kan lösas. Två av dessa negativa attribut är ödslighet och rumslig förvirring eller svårigheten att skilja på vad som är privat, gemensam och offentlig miljö. Detta är uppsatsens fokus och konkretiseras genom en fallstudie av ett typsikt miljonprogramsområde. Fallstudien utförs på Byälvsvägen, Bagarmossen, i Stockholm. Genom rumslig analys och litteraturstudier samt intervjuer skapas en bild av ett område med många goda kvalitéer men också ett område som upplevs som otryggt. Uppsatsen tar upp olika sätt att skapa rum genom ny bebyggelse och smärre fysiska åtgärder, t. ex.

AbstractThere is a lot of confusion when it comes to defining Special Education. An example of this appears here by a statement from Assarson (2007) "Special Education initiates a special pedagogy, but contains no innate sense of what is the special component in it" (p. 52, authors? translation). This study is an attempt to clarify the elements of the concept.

I detta examensarbetet har jag studerat hur man kan lösa barriär, trygghets- och bullerproblem i det komplexa utbyggnadsområdet "Råstablick" -industriområdet Hagalund. Inledningsvis har en generell analys av området gjorts som behandlar historisk utveckling, landskap och natur, bestämmelser och förordningar, bebyggelse och trafik. Därefter följer en fördjupning om barriärer, trygghet och buller där varje avsnitt innehåller ett kunskapsunderlag som följs av en analys av området. Utifrån slutsatserna från analysen har jag utarbetat riktlinjer för området och ett planförslag. Viktigt i planförslaget har bl.a. varit att skapa en trygg koppling till kollektivtrafiken, överbrygga stambanan, bullerskydda med kontorsbebyggelse, ta tillvara vattenkontakten och skapa sammanhängande grönområden..

The aim of this quantitative study is to describe the prevalence of mental health problems within the group of children and adolescents who receive support from two in home care units within the social services of Rinkeby-Kista and Södermalm stadsdelsförvaltning in Stockholm. Another purpose is to examine whether socioeconomic background and/or gender are associated with the prevalence of poor mental health, or mental health problems of a specific kind, in the studied population. Mental health is measured with the SDQ, a behavioral screening questionnaire that is widely used in Sweden and internationally. The study is based on data collected by the two units, which routinely screen children and adolescents with the SDQ. The main results of this study indicate that mental health problems are common in the studied population.

The Catalan movement of Independence is a well debated subject in Spanish news for the last decade. This thesis aims to examine what kind of identityarguments that spanish versus catalan newspapers make about the independence movement, in relation to nationalism and national identity. This is to deeper the understanding about the current complex situation in the Iberian Peninsula. The research shows that identityarguments about the independence movement presented by catalonian newspapers clearly put focus on identifying the ethnic and cultural reasons for the growing nationalism in the region, as well as discussing the political possibilities and obstacles of a sovereign Catalonia. In comparison, the identityarguments presented by spanish newspapers has another view of the situation, where the political aspect of the nationalistic catalan movement, identify the process as defying the Spanish Constitution and challenging the traditional historic unity of Spain.