A possible way to reduce pollution and slow down the process of global warming is to increase the usage of renewable energy sources. One of these renewable energy sources is solar power. With the aid of solar panels and solar cells the energy from the sun can be transformed into both heating and electricity. The requirement to use the sun in this fashion is a suitable surface, for example a big roof, an angle between 40-60 degrees and that the surface should be exposed to the south. Almost every farm meets these requirements.

Biogas mainly consists of methane and carbon dioxide, where methane is theenergy-rich gas, and is naturally created when organic matter breaks down in absenceof oxygen, also known as anaerobic digestion. A biogas plant re-creates the anaerobicconditions inside a digester where the organic substrate is fed into and digests toproduce biogas. The gas is then used to produce energy by combustion and can beseen as a completely renewable fuel.Today, energy from biogas is used primarily by major stakeholders such asmunicipalities and thus the plants become very large with high investment- andconstruction costs. There are currently few small plants in Sweden, even though thepotential for agriculture and medium-sized to smaller farms to become self-sufficientin terms of electricity and heat is great. Farms have a natural stock of digestibleorganic material in form of manure or crops for example, which are constantlyavailable.

BakgrundDiabetes typ 2 utgör ett betydande folkhälsoproblem både i Sverige och globalt. Sjukdomen kan leda till allvarliga komplikationer i mikro- och makrocirkulationen, som ger risk för bland annt hjärtinfarkt, stroke och skador på nerver och njurar. Riskfaktorer för att utveckla sjukdomen är bland annat övervikt, metabolt syndrom och arv. Behandlingen vid diabetes typ 2 utgörs i första hand av livsstilsförändringar, vilket innebär att ett stort ansvar läggs på den enskilda patienten. Egenvård är därför en viktig faktor i behandlingen.SyfteAtt utifrån ett omvårdnadsperspektiv belysa faktorer som kan underlätta för personer med diabetes typ 2 att följa råd för egenvård gällande livsstilsförändringarMetodStudien utformades som en allmän litteraturstudie.

The company Olofsfors AB manufactures drive belts for forest machinery, known as ECO-Tracks, and abrasion-resistant steel and cutting edges for graders, excavators and tractors, known as Bruxite and SharqEdges. Manufacturing these products requires the steel to be heated and molded, then submerged in water and hardened. The water used in the hardening of steel is pumped to the process from pits below the floor and then pumped back to the pit after it?s been used. Since the temperature of this water rises after being used to harden the steel the temperature of the pumping pit needs to be adjusted to maintain its setpoint of 21°C.

De fo?rsta olympiska spelen i modern tid, a?r 1896 i Aten, drabbades ur ett tyskt perspektiv av politiska fra?gor som framfo?r allt representerades av konflikten mellan de tyska gymnasterna och olympiadens fo?respra?kare. Syftet med den fo?religgande uppsatsen a?r att belysa problematiken om ett tyskt deltagande i Aten 1896 mellan a?ren 1894 och 1896, en tidsperiod da? de olympiska spelen var pa? va?g att a?terupptas, genom att besvara fo?ljande fra?gor: Vilka fo?rutsa?ttningar ledde till att de olympiska spelen a?terupptogs 1896? Vilka anledningar la?g till grund fo?r att Tysklands deltagande i Aten tidvis var sva?rt att fo?resta?lla sig, och vilka anstra?ngningar kra?vdes fo?r att Tyskland slutligen skulle komma att delta? Underso?kningens fokus ligger, vid sidan av olympiadens grundare Pierre de Coubertin, pa? Willibald Gebhardt, chef de mission fo?r det tyska laget 1896. Ba?de Coubertins och Gebhardts inverkan i processerna fo?r att a?teruppta de olympiska spelen och att lo?sa ma?ngtaliga utrikes- och inrikespolitiska konflikter underso?ks med hja?lp av en sociokulturell teori av Pierre Bourdieu.

Mankind faces a serious threat. Its activities, for example the burning of fossil fuels, have led to an enhancement of the greenhouse effect - something that has given rise to a global warming. The climate is becoming warmer, a change that has important effects on the nature as well as for humans and their society. Sea level rising, extreme temperatures are becoming more common, glaciers and other ice caps melt and storms becomes more intense when they appear. The main cause is the emission of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere - carbon dioxide in particular.

In Swedish sheep industry it is desired to have lambs slaughtered evenly distributed over the year. Swedish sheep are generally seasonal breeders with lambs born in the spring and slaughtered in the autumn. Some of the breeds, e.g. Swedish Finewool and Roslag sheep breeds have shown ability to lamb out of season. For increased knowledge on the possibilities to breed for out-of-season lambing in Swedish sheep breeds, the aim of this master thesis is to study the variation in frequency of two alleles in the MTNR1A gene in the three breeds; Gotland, Swedish Finewool, and Roslag sheep.

Climate change is expected to lead to increased rainfall and higher temperatures, among other things. This will have a major impact on our cities. Floods can lead to property damage as well as damages to human and animal health. Higher temperatures will increase the frequency of heat-related health risks and premature deaths. The consequences of climate change will be particularly large in our cities because of the city's morphology with a high amount of paved surfaces and buildings that affect the natural processes in areas such as drainage and absorption of solar radiation.

WSP building physics in Stockholm has certified the preschool Temmelburken in Bromma with the system of certification Miljöbyggnad. The rating of the building became BRONZE. In this thesis the preschool has been investigated with respect to the three areas: thermal climate, use of energy and improving of the level of certification. The thermal climate at the preschool has been investigated by a questionnaire survey and by measurements in order to do comparisons between the results from the two investigations as well as with the results of the simulations that WSP has done at the certification of the preschool. The differences between the results from the simulations and the questionnaire survey for winter as well as from the measurement performed with a comfort meter the 19th of March are concidered to be reasonably small since they give rise to the same rating according to Miljöbyggnad.   Operational data for the use of energy for the preschool have been obtained in order to do comparisons with simulations performed by WSP and Svenska Besiktningar AB. The comparison shows that the simulated values for the specific use of energy are lower than what the real specific use of energy would be for the preschool, since just the operational data for the heat energy is higher than the simulated values. At the investigation of the possibility of improving the level of certification it was found that the rating of the preschool can be raised from BRONZE to SILVER by improving the ratings of the ?thermal climate summer? and the ?daylight?.

AbstractThe Municipality Council decided in 2010 to develop a comprehensive energy efficiency strategy with financial and methodological support from Energimyndigheten (The Swedish Energy Agency). The strategy should include 3 major parts: an inventory of the 2009 energy use defining the current situation, the 2014 and 2020 goals for energy use, and an action plan for goal achievements. According to Energimyndigheten, the strategy must include all municipal administration premises, vehicles, and all majority-owned companies (as Laholmshem, the municipal housing company).The report describes the inventory work in order to obtain the 2009 energy use and the sources of information used. The inventory values are used as the base year values for the 2014 and 2020 goals. The inventory showed that information about the vehicles is dispersed in the municipal administration and no clear structure exists with respect to mileage and fuels used.

SammanfattningSister Kenny Rehabilitation Institute i Minneapolis är en sjukhusinstitution, känd för sin innovativa rehabiliteringsteknik och sjukhusutrustning sedan långt tillbaka i tiden.Projektet för det här examensarbetet utfördes inom Sister Kenny Research Center, forskningscentret för institutet. Det som öppnade upp för projektet var en vilja att göra en ny, radikal innovation inom området dynamiska ortoser. Fokuset låg på människor som drabbats av stroke, och därför fått en halvsidesförlamning i ena handen.Lösningar med drag-system för att räta ut handens fingrar kunde hittas i befintliga ortoser för denna grupp människor. I likhet med de dragsystem som tillämpas i annan utrustning inom sjukhusmiljön var dessa generellt klumpiga och inte särskilt funktionella.Målet blev därför att skapa en bättre ortos som kunde möjliggöra en längre användningstid, och ett användande i miljöer utanför sjukhuset.Ett kliniskt innovationsteam skapades, för att ta fram nya koncept, och för att garantera att både användarens och konsumentens röst blev hörd mitt i innovationsprocessen.Bakgrundsstudier, observationer och intervjuer utfördes för att reda ut var de verkliga problemen låg, och för att separera det nya konceptet från existerande.Genom användandet av diverse kreativa verktyg tog teamet fram fem koncept. På ett av dessa utvecklade de finger-element, transmission och reglage-delar, som skulle utgöra en mer skonsam och användarvänlig ortos.Resultatet av projektet blev en ?sen-härmande? ortos gjord av resårband, knutna till olika delar av fingret.

The Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) engine is promising in terms of lowNOx, low particulates and high efficiency. Due to its homogeneous charge, where thecombustion starts almost simultaneously from a number of points in the combustion chamber,only lean mixtures are possible to burn because of the resulting rapid combustion, which is muchfaster than the combustion in an SI-engine or a diesel engine. When richer mixtures are used thecombustion will start earlier and also be more violent.To phase the combustion later and lower the combustion speed, external cooled EGR can beused. The EGR-system used in this thesis uses a divided exhaust channel where one channel andits corresponding valve are used only for transporting EGR back to the intake system.Consequently the EGR-valve is connected to the intake pressure. This system is called Direct-EGR (D-EGR).Engine tests verified that the CA50 indeed is phased later when cooled EGR is used.

AbstractThis bachelor thesis has been assigned by the company ACG Nyström, Borås. ACG Nyström is working in cooperation with a Swiss company named Jentschmann AG. Jentschmann is a manufacturer of ultra sonic welding machines which ACG Nyström is marketing in Scandinavia and the Baltic States. On behalf of Jentschmann AG the company has the aim to introduce the ultra sonic welding technique to new companies.The aim of this thesis is to compare traditional sewing machines with ultra sonic welding machines within two textile areas, protective clothing and outdoor living.Two investigative questions have been formulated for this purpose: what are the differences between a sewing machine and an ultra sonic welding machine? Is it possible to replace the sewing technology with ultra sonic welding? These stand as guidance for this paper.To gather knowledge interviews, literature studies, and tests on two different ultra sonic welding machines were performed.

The work covered in this report includes a literature study of the diesel dual fuel technology(hereinafter referred to as DDF). The literature study covers earlier work that has been doneregarding the use of compressed natural gas (CNG) and diesel in a DDF system. Moreover a onecylinder research diesel engine was fitted with a CNG fuel system for experimental testing. Theinstallation of the engine and the test cell is described. Results from the tests are presentedcovering emissions, heat release and pressure traces from the DDF-concept.During the literature study it was found that most research was related to heavy duty dieselengines.

Constantly growing demands from the costumers in the Automotive industry forces the subcontractors to seek alternative ways to compete. One parameter of quality is the components tolerance against NVH(Noise, Vibraion & Harshness) aspects. Kongsbergs Automotive has developed a new gear shifter platform (Shift-by-Wire) that is sold to Alfa Romeo and used in of their car models. However, the company is not pleased with the components sound quality, therefore the main purpose of this thesis is to develope a number of concepts that is supposed to enhance these NVH-aspects.To get an understanding of the problem an analysis of the causes of the emitted sound has been done parallell to a product decomposition, function decomposition and a Ishikawa-diagram. Together with these methods has a litterature study been performed to get familiar with the physics of an impact and especially the emittment of noise.