BAKGRUND: Omvårdnad skall bedrivas holistiskt enligt International code of etics (ICN) trots detta bedrivs den till viss del naturvetenskapligt med fokus på den medicinska delen, som i sig är viktig. Tydliga riktlinjer för andlig omvårdnad saknas och forskningen är begränsad. SYFTE: Syftet med denna studie var att utifrån aktuell omvårdnadsforskning beskriva faktorer som påverkar sjuksköterskors bemötande av frågor med existentiellt innehåll. METOD: Systematiskt litteraturstudie där sju artiklar och en avhandling ingick vilka var etiskt granskade. RESULTAT: Fyra kategorier identifierades, adekvat kompetens, tillåtande vårdmiljö, holistisk människosyn och reduktionistisk människosyn.

Bakgrund: Forskning har visat att träning förbättrar den fysiska förmågan och höjer livskvaliteten hos personer med hjärtsvikt. Trots detta är det många personer med hjärtsvikt som inte deltar i gruppträning.Syfte: Syftet med denna studie var att beskriva vilka faktorer som personer med hjärtsvikt, som inte deltar i hjärtsviktsgrupp, upplever som hinder respektive möjligheter när de ska ta beslut om att delta i gruppträning.Design: Studien var en kvalitativ studie med deskriptiv design som utfördes genom semistrukturerade intervjuer med fem informanter.Resultat och slutsats: Resultaten, som tolkades utifrån beteendeförändringsmodellen Health Action Process Approach (HAPA), av denna studie visade att informanterna upplever olika hinder för träningen som har med prioritet, otrygghet, psykisk ohälsa, transportproblem och bristande information att göra. I vissa fall väljs träningen också bort på grund av att informanterna istället tränar i hemmet. Det största hindret enligt studiens resultat var bristen på information. Framförallt har informanterna bristande kunskap om träning som en del av behandlingen vid hjärtsvikt, NYHA II-III, och de effekter som träningen ger.

Bakgrund: Hjärtsvikt är den vanligaste orsaken till sjukhusinläggning hos äldre personer. Upp till 50 % av dessa patienter är felnärda. Detta kan delvis orsakas av de gastrointestinala symtom som sjukdomen ger såsom tidig mättnadskänsla, aptitlöshet och illamående. Syfte: Att ur patienters perspektiv belysa problematik med mat och kostråd vid kronisk hjärtsvikt. Metod: En litteraturstudie där tio kvalitativa eller kvantitativa vetenskapliga artiklar ingår.

The objectives of this study was to examine the prevalence of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in a family of British Shorthaircats to determine the mode of inheritance and to investigate if the disease was associated with a mutation in myosin binding proteinC (MyBPC3). The family comprised 28 cats, seven male and 21 females. The cats underwent a physical examination, including cardiac auscultation, and an ultrasound examination. Blood was collected for DNA- analysis. The blodsamples were sent in a buffer solution to Kathryn Meurs, Washington State University, USA for analysis, where the genes coding for MyBPC, Troponin I and T were characterized using microsequencing technique. Out of the 28 cats, 8 were diagnosed with HCM, 2 were diagnosed with congenital heart disease but had no evidence of HCM.

The aim of this study was to investigate the intraoperative surgical stress response in dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy and to compare acepromazine and medetomidine as premedications. 15 dogs diagnosed with pyometra were used in this study. Blood pressure and heart rate were used as parameters to measure surgical stress response. The surgery was divided into four phases. Phase 0 was the period 10 minutes before the skin incision, phase 1 was skin incision and opening of abdomen, phase 2 was manipulation of uterine horns, ligation and transection of mesovarium and phase 3 was ligation of cervix, removal of organs and closing the abdomen. The results showed that phase 2 was the most intense phase of surgical stress, regardless of which premedication the dogs received. When acepromazine and medetomidine were compared the results showed that within phase 3, all dogs that were given medetomidine had higher blood pressure compared to dogs that were given acepromazine. The dogs that were given acepromazine had higher heart rate than the dogs that were given medetomidine in phase 0, phase 2 and phase 3. .

Träningsinducerad lungblödning, Exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage (EIPH), är ett stort problem hos travare och galoppörer i hela världen. Det får anses klarlagt att mekanismen bakom EIPH är så kallad stress-failure, utmattningsskador, i blod-gasbarriären vilket beror på att hästarna har en respiration och cirkulation som ger extrema påfrestningar på denna sköra struktur. En bidragande faktor till stress-failure tycks kunna vara att hypertension i lungvenerna leder till att dessa remodelleras och förtjockas, vilket i sin tur leder till ännu högre tryck i lungkapillärerna. Den här litteraturstudien handlar om hur inflammation i lungorna kan ge upphov till EIPH. Inflammation finns med i problematiken runt EIPH både som en bakomliggande faktor och som ett resultat av blödningen.

Transportation of pigs might be a welfare problem. Stress during and after transportation can negatively affect the meat quality or cause carcass damages, which leads to major economic losses every year. The transportation chain can be divided into several stages; loading, transport and unloading. This literature review focuses on unloading of pigs from a transport. When arriving at an abattoir pigs can be fatigued and need to be as smoothly unloaded as possible.

Transportation of pigs might be a welfare problem. Stress during and after transportation can negatively affect the meat quality or cause carcass damages, which leads to major economic losses every year. The transportation chain can be divided into several stages; loading, transport and unloading. This literature review focuses on unloading of pigs from a transport. When arriving at an abattoir pigs can be fatigued and need to be as smoothly unloaded as possible.

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common heart disease in cats. Maine coon is one of the breeds where the disease is overrepresented. Studies have shown that HCM is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait in Maine Coon cats. This finding has led to cardiac screening using ultrasound in the breed. The results of the screening are used in a national breeding program constructed to reduce the spread and incidence of HCM in Maine Coon cats.

Migrationsverket är en myndighet som prövar ansökningar från personer som vill söka skydd, ha medborgarskap, studera eller vill jobba i Sverige. Då det på senare tid varit en stor ökning i dessa ansökningar har tiden för vilket ett beslut tar ökat. Varje typ av ansökning (exempelvis medborgarskap) är en process som består av flera steg. Hur beslutet går igenom dessa steg kallas för flöde. Migrationsverket vill därför öka sin flödeseffektivitet.

Swedish healthcare is in continuous need of cost savings and efficiency improvements in order to meet the increased demand for care. The theories of lean, developed from the industry, are applied more frequently on healthcare systems to increase effectiveness and reduce waiting times in patient processes. However, some processes seem to be more successful in their lean implementation than others. In this thesis, factors influencing flow efficiency in lean healthcare are examined. Through interviews with the top executive board at Capio St Göran's hospital, data is collected in order to analyze reasons for success.

To fit into our society the dogs of today need a good mentality. To investigate their mentalitydifferent behavior tests have been developed. The tests are useful tools in the selection ofbreeding animals as well as for working and companion dogs. To counter the demand for atest that could be suited for all kind of dogs, regardless of their future function, the mentalitytest Beteende- och personlighetsbeskrivning hund (BPH) was developed. BPH consists ofseven subtests that expose dogs to various situations that can be found in everyday life, suchas meeting an unfamiliar person, sudden noises and suddenly appearing objects.The aim of this study was to find out if there are differences in physiological values betweenindividuals, validate the behavior observations during BPH and get aware of how the dogsexperience the situation.

Väpnade aktörer, terrorism och illegal handel (med människor, narkotika och vapen) är alla företeelser som, i varierande omfattning, florerar i fallerade stater. Dessa företeelser återfinns inte minst i Colombia, som trots det inte bedöms vara fallerad.Uppsatsens syfte är att påvisa behovet av kvalitativa och kontextspecifika studier, då vår förförståelse är att analyser av fallerade stater, som bygger på kvantitativ forskning, missar orsaksperspektiven. För att göra detta prövas två teorier (Rotbergs kvantitativa och Buzans/Holstis kvalitativa) på fallet Colombia.På grund av att Rotbergs teori har en lägre validitet och inte förklarar vad som ligger bakom staters interna problem, kan Colombias situation mest framgångsrikt förklaras utifrån Buzans/Holstis teori. Buzan/Holsti missar dock flera för, Colombia centrala aspekter, som går under benämningen ?the Hidden Form of State Failure?.Nyckelord: Fallerade stater, Rotberg, Buzan/Holsti, Colombia, ?the Hidden Form of State Failure?..

Canine dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a disease with high morbidity and mortality and with a high prevalence in certain breeds. Predominatly large breeds are affected, such as Great danes, Newfoundlands, Deerhounds and Dobermanns. One exception is Cocker spaniels, where both American and English Cocker spaniels are affected in a quite high frequency. Cardiomyopathy is characterised as a disease that affects the myocardium and gives an impaired heart function. To diagnose DCM following criteria have to be observed: 1. Dilation of the left ventricle. 2. Reduced systolic heart function. 3. Increased sphericity of the left ventricle. To be certain of the diagnosis, alternative reasons for the symptoms such as lung- and heart diseases with other etiologies have to be excluded Two different types of DCM have been found upon histological examination.

The aim of this review was to examine scientific literature to determine what kind of physiological and psychological benefits derive from human-dog interaction, as well as attempt to uncover a possible mechanism behind these benefits and whether or not they are mutually beneficial. A growing body of research indicates there are physiological and psychological benefits associated with human-dog interaction. Significant cardiovascular benefits have been linked with human-dog interaction, as have lowered blood pressure, cortisol and heart rate. Interaction with dogs is often associated with a feeling of social support and well-being, and dogs also seem to facilitate social interaction between people. Dogs? ability to buffer and reduce stress is also well documented. A strong indication was found regarding a relationship between physical contact and benefits associated with human-dog interaction.