Introduction/Background: Economic evaluations help decision-makers to make informed decisions regarding resource allocation. Information generated from CEA can support evaluations of a new intervention with current praxis. The evaluations also provide information as to whether an intervention is cost-effective, both in economic terms and in health gains. Objective: The aim of this thesis is to investigate the use of economic evaluations in public health, with a focus on CEA. Use of economic evaluations is regarded as both a method for evaluation and as support for informed decisions.

Syftet var att undersöka fyra hälsovägledares uppfattningar och strategier för att motivera individer till viktminskning. Avsikten var även att utreda vad de bygger sina uppfattningar och strategier på, samt att jämföra deras strategier med befintliga teorier om beteendeförändring såsom Motiverande samtal, Stages of change, Social learning theory och Health belief model. Teorierna valdes då de belyser hur en beteendeförändring kan gå till samt att de varit fram­gångsrika i tidigare forskning. Studien är kvalitativ och genomfördes med ostrukturerade intervjuer där respondenterna valdes genom ett bekvämlighetsurval. De fyra hälsovägledarna arbetade med att motivera individer till viktnedgång, alla hade utbildning inom hälso­främjande arbete som varierade mellan en vecka till flera år.

Bakgrund: Antalet kvinnor som söker hjälp för förlossningsrädsla har ökat under de senaste åren. Förlossningsrädsla är ett stort område och denna studie är inriktad mot förlossningssmärta som är en del av området. Betydelsen av bemötandet av de smärtpåverkade mödrarna är därför av stor vikt. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att belysa vårdpersonalens erfarenheter om bemötande av blivande mödrars smärtupplevelser före och under förlossningen. Metod: Intervjustudien av kvalitativ form baserades på fem intervjuer som analyserades.

Bakgrund: Cirka 0,2 - 0,4 procent av svenska kvinnor i åldrarna 12-25 år lider av anorexia nervosa, en sjukdom som innebär en störd kroppsuppfattning och karakteriseras av en oerhörd rädsla att gå upp i vikt. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att beskriva livsvärlden hos kvinnor som lider av anorexia nervosa. Metod: Studien baseras på två självbiografiska böcker som analyserades enligt Graneheim och Lundmans (2008) beskrivning av innehållsanalys för kvalitativa studier. Resultat: Studien resulterade i tre kategorier: socialt, psykiskt och fysiskt, varav den psykiska innefattar underkategorierna ångest, självkänsla, mattankar samt förvrängd kroppsuppfattning. Slutsats: Slutsatsen till denna studie var att som sjuksköterska är det viktigt att ha kunskap om och förståelse för livsvärlden hos denna patientgrupp som finns både inom den somatiska och psykiatriska vården, för att på så sätt skapa goda förutsättningar i det vårdande mötet..

Statistics of occupational injuries show that bricklayers are among the most exposed, with heavy lifting by far the most common cause of long-term sick leave. Prefabricated brick beams create yet another risk of injuries that can be prevented by auxiliary equipment or alternative solutions. From articles, interviews with masons and from a survey carried out in conjunction with this report, it appears that there are frequently difficulties in the use of available means for lifting and handling. Previous studies on the subject of transverse reinforcement in masonry beams indicate a viable method for bridging large openings in masonry walls. This bachelor thesis delves into whether the idea could be realized in today's brick construction with a view to improving occupational health and safety.

We were commissioned by Bulten Stainless AB to identify and analyze their customer order flow. Because the company had problems with delays in the production and deliveries to the customer, the task also included investigation of how the company work with prevention and management of delays. The purpose of the project also included to identify critical factors for effective order flow in smaller workshop companies.The information about the flow and how the work takes place within the company were collected through observations on the company and interviews with the staff. This information was used to draw maps over the customer order flow and to write a description of the current situation within the company. Both strengths and weaknesses of the companies work could be identified through analysis of the present situation.

In my thesis, I set out to study academic peer reviews in the hope of clarifying the experts? views on what qualities and qualifications are desirable when appointing or promoting scholars within History of Science. I also investigate whether or not these views change over the years, as I have studied opinions written between 1980 and 2010. I use a qualitative method of analysis, in which I study what words in the peer reviews are used to describe certain values, and how these words relate to the historical and political background of History of Science in Sweden. My research indicates that academic experts are starting to adapt their opinions to the change in educational politics that has taken place during the second half of the 20th century.

Background: Students, at a secondary upper school, attending a practical programme have a lower physical capacity than students from theoretical programs. Our physical self-esteem has a great significance for our motivation in being physically active and thereby also for our health. The purpose: of this study is to find out if there is a difference between perceived physical self-esteem and objectively measured physical activity between students attending a practical programme and a theoretical programme. Method: Four classes, in a medium-sized town in the southeast of Sweden, participated in the study, two classes from practical programmes and two classes from theoretical programmes. All the students were in their final year at the upper secondary school, when they were part of the study during the autumn of 2011.

Background Satisfaction of life and wellbeing is shown to be important when the quality of life is to be understood. The nurse has a significant role in the care of the patient and in his/her experience of life. Aim The purpose of this study is to examine the quality of life, from a nurse perspective. Method The text analysis was carried out with qualified attempts, of a book, "Quality of life a challenge for the nurse" (in Swedish) by T. Rustoen, a nurse who also worked as a teacher in Norway. The book describes how quality of life is experienced from the patients and staffs view. Results The text analysis showed that out of the ordinary descriptions of quality of life, the author found four new themes. These themes where; the meaning of solidarity, confidence, activity and meaningfulness in the existence. Conclusion Quality of life is an important word, which means different to different kind of people.

Palliativ vård i livets slutskede omfattar vården av vårdtagare med obotbar, symtomgivande sjukdom. Palliativ vård inkluderar all omvårdnad så att inte vårdtagarna lider den sista tiden av sin aliv. Som vårdgivare i den palliativa vården måste det finnas ett starkt engagemang och lyhördhet för vårdtagaren. Enligt vårdtagarna är en av de allra viktigaste egenskaperna hos vårdgivaren att kunna lyssna. Upplevelsen av att någon bryr sig om vårdtagarna betyder mycket.

Smärta är vanligt förekommande bland människor i samhället. Flertalet av dessa smärtdrabbade tvekar att söka vård och därför blir mötet mellan vårdaren och den drabbade betydelsefullt. Studiens syfte var att få en ökad förståelse för hur patienten med smärta upplever bemötandet av vårdaren. Det finns brister i omvårdnadsforskning inom detta område och därför bör problemet få mer uppmärksamhet. Som teoretisk referensram har Martinsens behovsteori använts, då denna stämmer väl överens med hur patienten och vårdaren är i förhållande till varandra.

The aim of this Masters thesis is to examine public library and information technology IT discourses to see which relationships are established between them in four library journals. This is done in two steps, where first discourses are defined followed by an analysis of the relationships established between the public library and IT in each discourse. The questions from which the analysis emanates are as follows: What discourses exist around the public library and IT in the library journals? What conceptions of the tasks of the public library are constructed in the discourses? What conceptions of the tasks of IT are constructed in the discourses? What conceptions of the relationships between the public library and IT are constructed in the discourses? The theoretical and methodological starting-points are found in Ernesto Laclaus and Chantal Mouffes discourse theory. 37 articles from four library journals Biblioteksbladet, Bibliotek i Samhälle, DIK-forum and Ikoner - are analysed through a model in five phases.

In light of health scandals and intense debate in the media about the elderly, the authors investigates two Swedish newspaper and their depiction of elder care in Sweden. Using Faircloughs three-dimensional model and critical discourse analysis, it is investigated if there is a more prominent discourse and if so the impact of globalization on this discourse concerning swedish elderly care. A sample of a total of ten articles in the Swedish newspaper Aftonbladet and Dagens Nyheter is analyzed. The authors found that older people who are granted home help or place of accommodation rarely make their voices heard. Rarely were also relatives of residents given the opportunity to speak.

Varje år får allt fler män diagnosen prostatacancer och behandlas för sjukdomen. Detta innebär också att fler män drabbas av de biverkningar som behandlingen kan medföra. Impotens ar en vanlig biverkning. Syftet med studien var att belysa hur den förändrade sexualiteten i samband med behandling av prostatacancer kan påverka mannens självbild och relationer. Metoden som använts var litteraturstudie.

Diabetes mellitus type 2 and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD) are two of the most common diseases in the world and the amount are increasing. The treatments of these diseases are self care and a change of lifestyle. For this to be successful there is a need for the person to have knowledge about the diseases and a motivation for making changes in his or her lifestyle. Most of this information is given by the district nurse at the health centre. It is important to get a better knowledge of these persons experiences and how they used the information given to them.