The dry period is usually 6-8 weeks and in this period the basis of the performance in the following lactation is settled. In an average herd about 15% of the cows are dry (Marcussen & Krog Laursen, 2008). In many herd the dry cows are set aside, that means setting aside 15% of your herd, at the time when they are preparing for their next lactation. The recommendation for number of groups differs depending on country traditions or reasons for grouping. If you look at recommendation for feeding, some companies selling feeding equipment advocates one group throughout the dry period, but the number differs from one to three.

Det framkommer i bakgrunden att det i Sverige varje år insjuknar ungefär 90 barn av sjukdomen leukemi. När barnets sjukdom uppkommer är det inte bara barnet som drabbas utan även hela familjen och det kan utlösas en krisreaktion hos de inblandade. Syftet med studien var att belysa föräldrars upplevelser i samband med sjukhusansluten vård i Sverige när barnet i familjen drabbas av sjukdomen leukemi. Metoden som valdes var litteraturstudie innefattande tre skönlitterära böcker skrivna av barnets föräldrar. Analysmetoden som användes var Burnards (1996) innehållsanalys, som görs i fyra steg.

Bakgrund: Postoperativ smärta är en naturlig och oundviklig företeelse efter ett kirurgiskt ingrepp. Smärtan är en subjektiv och individuell upplevelse som kan vara svår att förmedla till andra. Sjuksköterskan har en avgörande roll genom att identifiera faktorer som kan vara av betydelse vid bedömning av patientens smärta. Syfte: Syftet med denna studie var att beskriva faktorer som är av betydelse vid sjuksköterskans bedömning av patienter med postoperativ smärta. Metod: Det genomfördes en litteraturstudie baserad på sju vetenskapliga artiklar med kvalitativ metod.

Bakgrund: Den palliativa hemsjukvården av cancerpatienter har ökat och fortsätter att öka. För att palliativ hemsjukvård ska fungera krävs ofta att anhöriga tar ett stort ansvar i vården. Ser inte vårdpersonalen deras problem så finns det risk att för stor börda läggs på de anhöriga. Syfte: Studiens syfte var att belysa anhörigas upplevelser av att ha en anhörig med cancer som vårdas palliativt i hemmet. Metod: En litteraturstudie av åtta vetenskapligt granskade artiklar gjordes.

The aim of this study was to investigate whether the Swedish Institute of public health care uses paternalistic information in their alcohol publications. My intention has also been to examine to what extent the paternalistic information is being used. This is determined simply by how frequently paternalistic information is found in the publications. I chose to analyse five publications that contain alcohol related information and had a clear motive. My results show that all five publications use paternalistic methods with the intention to change readers, or people in their surroundings, alcoholic behaviour. Though this is quite a small essay, I have suggested extended research of the subject ? preferably of all 176 alcoholic publications presented by the Institute of public health care..

Problem formulation: Recent results from the European Food Information Council?s consumer research on nutrition information and food labelling revealed that most consumers have little understanding of the nutrition information found on food products, feel that there is little authority regulating these matters and wish for a more trusted source of information and regulation and lastly it was found that consumers accept their limitations and have little motivation to even read or learn about nutrition information. Thus what are the reactions of the various legal authorities to this problem? How are food retailers and producers responding to the needs of the consumer? How are consumers then reacting to these two players in the industry and the changes they are making?Purpose: The purpose of this research is to gain new perspective and a better understanding of relationship between consumers, companies and legal instruments in relation to nutrition and health claim labelling of food products. Method: The nature of this multi-disciplinary research has led to the study of all three areas, business administration (containing consumer behaviour) and business law, which are contained in this paper.

AimThe aim of this study has been to examine how health enhancement teachers in Montana, USA, view the value of physical activity from a lifelong perspective.In what way does the health enhancement teacher think the importance of physical activity from a lifelong perspective could be presented?What resources are available for teachers to present the value of physical activity from a lifelong perspective?MethodThe issue has been answered through qualitative interviews consisting of six health enhancement teachers, four women and two men, in Montana, USA. One of the teachers worked at an elementary school (for 30 years), three teachers worked at middle schools (20, 10 and 8 years of work experience) and two of the teachers interviewed worked at a high school (30 and 3 years).  ResultsThe majority of teachers feel that a wide variety of activities, adapted to an individual level, and the understanding of a healthy lifestyle are important in order for the teacher to present the value of physical activity from a lifelong perspective.The teachers felt they had sufficient material in order to present the value of physical activity, where the school budget provided the teachers with materials every year. In addition to the budget, all the teachers had 12 hours of professional development every year where they could attend conferences or their own choice of professional development.ConclusionWith the help in forms of professional development offered by the school, conferences, meeting with other teachers, and their own choice of development, the teachers instruction techniques could increase which could help the teachers to find the pupils? interest for different kinds of physical activities.KeywordsPhysical education and health, physical activity, SOC, sense of coherence..

AimThe aim of this study has been to examine how health enhancement teachers in Montana, USA, view the value of physical activity from a lifelong perspective.In what way does the health enhancement teacher think the importance of physical activity from a lifelong perspective could be presented?What resources are available for teachers to present the value of physical activity from a lifelong perspective?MethodThe issue has been answered through qualitative interviews consisting of six health enhancement teachers, four women and two men, in Montana, USA. One of the teachers worked at an elementary school (for 30 years), three teachers worked at middle schools (20, 10 and 8 years of work experience) and two of the teachers interviewed worked at a high school (30 and 3 years).  ResultsThe majority of teachers feel that a wide variety of activities, adapted to an individual level, and the understanding of a healthy lifestyle are important in order for the teacher to present the value of physical activity from a lifelong perspective.The teachers felt they had sufficient material in order to present the value of physical activity, where the school budget provided the teachers with materials every year. In addition to the budget, all the teachers had 12 hours of professional development every year where they could attend conferences or their own choice of professional development.ConclusionWith the help in forms of professional development offered by the school, conferences, meeting with other teachers, and their own choice of development, the teachers instruction techniques could increase which could help the teachers to find the pupils? interest for different kinds of physical activities.KeywordsPhysical education and health, physical activity, SOC, sense of coherence..

AimThe aim of this study has been to examine how health enhancement teachers in Montana, USA, view the value of physical activity from a lifelong perspective.In what way does the health enhancement teacher think the importance of physical activity from a lifelong perspective could be presented?What resources are available for teachers to present the value of physical activity from a lifelong perspective?MethodThe issue has been answered through qualitative interviews consisting of six health enhancement teachers, four women and two men, in Montana, USA. One of the teachers worked at an elementary school (for 30 years), three teachers worked at middle schools (20, 10 and 8 years of work experience) and two of the teachers interviewed worked at a high school (30 and 3 years).  ResultsThe majority of teachers feel that a wide variety of activities, adapted to an individual level, and the understanding of a healthy lifestyle are important in order for the teacher to present the value of physical activity from a lifelong perspective.The teachers felt they had sufficient material in order to present the value of physical activity, where the school budget provided the teachers with materials every year. In addition to the budget, all the teachers had 12 hours of professional development every year where they could attend conferences or their own choice of professional development.ConclusionWith the help in forms of professional development offered by the school, conferences, meeting with other teachers, and their own choice of development, the teachers instruction techniques could increase which could help the teachers to find the pupils? interest for different kinds of physical activities.KeywordsPhysical education and health, physical activity, SOC, sense of coherence..

Bakgrund: Mötet mellan vårdpersonal och personer med neuropsykiatriska funktionshinder är komplicerat på grund av att de sistnämnda har ett annat sätt än andra att uppfatta och förstå omvärlden. Personer med neuropsykiatriska funktionshinder vårdas oftare på sjukhus och har längre vårdtid än andra personer på grund av att funktionshindret ofta medför andra bekymmer. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att belysa förutsättningarna i mötet mellan vårdpersonal och personer med neuropsykiatriska funktionshinder för att skapa en vårdrelation. Metod: En litteraturstudie med kvalitativ ansats utfördes. Resultat: I resultatet framkom fem kategorier som var förutsättningar i mötet för att skapa en vårdrelation.

The purpose of this paper is to study the rules of the bill 2007/08: 136 "Areformed sick-leave process of increased return to work" as related to therehabilitation chain. In the interpretation of the material I have used the ?practicallegal method? and a minor empirical study has been conducted to find out howRegion Skåne and UMAS adjust their activities to the new regulations.The government aims to reduce sick leave and on March 19, 2008,the above mentioned bill was presented to the Riksdag. The bill is a part of thegovernment's package of measures and contains proposals for a revised sick-leaveprocess. The rehabilitation chain is a part of the package and includes actions witha tighter schedule.The employer is still after the new rules playing a central role in thesick-leave process and must through early and continuous contact with theworkers start the rehabilitation process.

Bakgrund: Palliativ vård är en aktiv helhetsvård, där patientens omvårdnad ska vara i centrum. Sjuksköterskans kunskap om palliativ vård är grundläggande för att det ska bli en bra vårdsituation. En av sjuksköterskans huvuduppgifter var att bidra till att patienten fick en bra livskvalitet. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att belysa sjuksköterskans omvårdnad för att bevara den vuxna patientens livskvalitet inom palliativ vård. Metod: Metoden som användes var litteraturstudie.

Bakgrund: Att leva med långvarig smärta påverkar hela människan och dennas vardag. Det är viktigt att personer med långvarig smärta känner sig betrodd av sjuksköterskan och att denna i sin tur besitter kunskap och har förståelse om smärta. Målet med vårdande är att lindra och förebygga lidande, samt att skapa förutsättningar för välbefinnande. Syfte: Syftet med studien är att belysa hur personer med långvarig smärta upplever sjuksköterskans bemötande. Metod: Studien är en kvalitativ litteraturstudie.

The dry period is usually 6-8 weeks and in this period the basis of the performance in the following lactation is settled. In an average herd about 15% of the cows are dry (Marcussen & Krog Laursen, 2008). In many herd the dry cows are set aside, that means setting aside 15% of your herd, at the time when they are preparing for their next lactation. The recommendation for number of groups differs depending on country traditions or reasons for grouping. If you look at recommendation for feeding, some companies selling feeding equipment advocates one group throughout the dry period, but the number differs from one to three.

AimThe aim of this study has been to examine how health enhancement teachers in Montana, USA, view the value of physical activity from a lifelong perspective.In what way does the health enhancement teacher think the importance of physical activity from a lifelong perspective could be presented?What resources are available for teachers to present the value of physical activity from a lifelong perspective?MethodThe issue has been answered through qualitative interviews consisting of six health enhancement teachers, four women and two men, in Montana, USA. One of the teachers worked at an elementary school (for 30 years), three teachers worked at middle schools (20, 10 and 8 years of work experience) and two of the teachers interviewed worked at a high school (30 and 3 years).  ResultsThe majority of teachers feel that a wide variety of activities, adapted to an individual level, and the understanding of a healthy lifestyle are important in order for the teacher to present the value of physical activity from a lifelong perspective.The teachers felt they had sufficient material in order to present the value of physical activity, where the school budget provided the teachers with materials every year. In addition to the budget, all the teachers had 12 hours of professional development every year where they could attend conferences or their own choice of professional development.ConclusionWith the help in forms of professional development offered by the school, conferences, meeting with other teachers, and their own choice of development, the teachers instruction techniques could increase which could help the teachers to find the pupils? interest for different kinds of physical activities.KeywordsPhysical education and health, physical activity, SOC, sense of coherence..