Assessing and measuring post-operative pain in all animals is a challenge, but doing it in small mammals, for example Guinea pigs, presents an even larger difficulty. Validated pain scales developed for use in dogs in clinical practice are currently available, but no such scale has been widely accepted for use in Guinea pigs in the veterinary setting. In this experimental study, six Guinea pigs that had undergone surgery and anaesthesia were observed for behavioural changes that could be associated with pain. The six Guinea pigs were also given pain scores with the use of Colorado State University Feline Acute Pain Scale (CSU-APSF), a scale which uses both behaviour when not handled, body tension and response to palpation to evaluate pain intensity. The six Guinea pigs showed a number of different behaviours, for example rigid posture, fixed stare and ?wet dog response? (the body is vigourosly shaken), that could be associated with pain.

The Guinea pig is an important meat-producing animal in Peru as well as in several other South American countries. They are held in different kinds of systems, from the small backyard breeders with few animals to the large commercial farms with thousands of Guinea pigs. One of the major issues at the farms is animals dying of unknown causes. Salmonellosis is often considered as a major cause, but samples for confirmation are rarely taken. It has been known for a long time that Clostridium difficile (C.

In Peru Guinea pigs are raised for meat production and salmonellosis is considered as a major problem. Studies have detected salmonella in animals with enteritis and pneumonia. Salmonellosis exists both in an acute and a chronic form. In the rural areas the diagnosis is made according to clinical signs and macro pathological findings at autopsy. The major systems applied for the Guinea pig production are often classified as family, family-commercial and commercial. These systems differ in number of animals and how industrialised they are.

In subsequent to Post-colonialism the African nations have dilated into different political directions. While some nations have established well-functioning democracies, others are still under authoritarian regimes. The aim of this thesis is to examine if civil society has an impact on democratic development in West Africa. Therefore the theoretical starting point is Putnam?s theory of social capital, but this study will also examine other possible causal explanations for democratic transition.This study will be based on a comparative analysis of Ghana and Guinea.

Med hjälp av tidigare forskning från västvärlden om lycka och kunskapen om vad tre Guineaner finner värdefullt i vardagen kommer resonemang föras om vilka komponenter som kan vara viktigast i sökandet efter tillfredsställelse och lycka. Syftet är att identifiera dessa aspekter och tillföra något till den tidigare forskningen och att synliggöra hur de tre Guineanernas syn på lycka kan vidga vårt (svenskarnas) perspektiv lycka. En kritisk jämförelse kommer göras mellan den tidigare forskningen och tolkningar av intervjuerna. För att undersöka området bör några frågeställningar besvaras:Vad prioriteras i vardagen, värdesätts som viktigast, för de tre  intervjuadeGuineanerna?Hur är deras syn på lycka och tillfredsställelse?Vilka komponenter tycks för de intervjuade vara de viktigaste för eftersträvan avtillfredsställelse?Hur kan detta sättas i relation till västvärldens tidigare forskning och få en ny mening?.

Title: This is not Africa - West African teaching methods in Sweden. This is a work of "translation". The study started with a musical journey to Guinea, West Africa. It was a field study where I had the opportunity to open my senses towards another culture and another kind of music. I found another learning tradition and decided to try to bring it with me back to Sweden, into the Swedish school system.

Exotic small animals that are commonly kept as pets include aquarium fish, cage and aviary birds, rodents, rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus), reptiles and amphibians. These different kinds of animals, even species within the same class, may differ markedly from each other regarding physiology and requirements. Although these species are common in both Swedish households and in pet trade, many animal keepers have a lack of knowledge about the origin and requirements of their pets. This is a cause of several health problems seen in animals which are held in captivity. In Sweden, the county administrative boards perform all animal welfare controls.

Titeln på denna uppsats är "Beskrivning av tok pisin". Och det är också vad uppsatsen avser att vara, en sammanfattande beskrivning, på svenska, av språket tok pisin, översiktlig och klar utan att för den skull försaka den lingvistiska korrektheten. Texten vänder sig naturligtvis i första hand till den som har en viss skolning i allmän språkvetenskap, men det är min förhoppning att även en lekman som läser uppsatsen ska få en viss behållning av den..

This thesis deals with the importance of boar tusks to the people at the Middle Neolithic settlement of Ajvide, Eksta parish on Gotland. The thesis discusses various issues concerning the Ajvide swine and their tusks, such as the question of domestication and the various functions ascribed to tusks. In order to cast light upon these questions the result of a study of all the tusks found on Ajvide thus far as well as their respective grave context is presented. The study also includes an osteological analysis of the tusks. Furthermore, ethnoarchaeological comparisons are made with Papua New Guinea and Vanuatu; contemporary societies presumed to share common traits with Middle Neolithic societies on Gotland and where swine and their tusks likewise assume a prominent position..

Bakgrund: Ebola upptäcktes för första gången 1976 i ett dubbelt utbrott i Sudan och Zaire i Afrika. Det pågående utbrottet av ebola virus sjukdom (EVD) startade i Guinea 2013 och har sedan dess spridits vidare till Liberia, Sierra Leone, Nigeria, Mali och Senegal. T.o.m. 4 mars 2015 har nästan 24 000 smittats och 10 000 avlidit vilket är mer än 50 gånger fler än i det tidigare största utbrottet i Uganda 2000. Viruset består av fem arter: Bundibugyo, Reston, Sudan, Tai Forest och Zaire.

There have previously been very few studies of forests on Seram Island in the Eastern Indonesian archipelago and none before on lowland limestone primary forests. The COLUPSIA project on collaborative land use planning has therefore chosen Seram as one of two project sites. The objective of the COLUPSIA project is to establish collaborative and equitable land use planning. In order to achieve its objective the COLUPSIA project aims to improve understanding of traditional resource management and how it interacts with governmental systems, as well as enhancing knowledge about tropical landscapes and ecosystem services.The aim of this study was to contribute to the COLUPSIA project through describing lowland limestone forest on Seram Island in respect to (1) forest structure, (2) tree species richness and (3) tree species composition. We set up 5 plots, each of 0.2 ha, at one site, Mawalai, and collected data on tree variables (tree diameter ?10 cm) as well as for some other life forms and environmental data.

Present essay aims to introduce the reader to central topics regarding Rhododendrons of subgenus Vireya. As a result of a donation, the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, received a collection of Vireya from a local amateur grower, Kurt Myllenberg. Since the subgenus Vireya is uncommon in Scandinavian horticulture, the study tries to establish conditions for successful growing. The subgenus Vireya differ from the other Rhododendron species through mainly three characteristics: the presence of two tails, attached to each end of the seed; the ovary-style junction is tapering and the pedicels arises directly from a dome-like base and form an umbel and not a raceme. The subgenus is distributed mostly in the islands of Indonesia and New Guinea, but also from Malaysia to Nepal and in Australia. Since Vireya species mainly grows as epiphytes in the tree canopies, they need high drainage and not too much water.

Dermatofyter är fungi som finns i hela världen och orsakar dermatofytos (även kallad ringorm/tinea) hos både människor och djur. De angriper bland annat hår, hud och klor, då de använder sig av keratin som näringskälla. Denna litteraturstudie inriktar sig på marsvin och syftar till att belysa vilka arter av dermatofyter som kan infektera marsvin, deras prevalens och egenskaper, vilka symtom de framkallar hos djuren samt hur de kan diagnostiseras och behandlas. Även zoonotiska risker tas upp, då de diskuteras frekvent i litteraturen. Man har hittat ett antal olika arter av dermatofyter hos marsvin men man verkar vara ense om att dermatofyter som man på senare år har börjat kalla Trichophyton-arter av Arthroderma benhamiae är de enskilt mest förekommande hos detta djurslag. Man har hittat prevalenser mellan 1,4 % och 8,5 % i pälsen av privatägda, symtomlösa marsvin runtom i världen. Symtomen hos djur med dermatofytos kan vara allt från obefintliga till kraftiga med inflammationer i hårfolliklar och hud.

Populärvetenskaplig sammanfattning: Det var torkan under åren 1968 - 1973 som fokuserade världens uppmärksamhet till Sahelregionen, som är ett smalt bälte mellan Saharaöknen i norra Afrika och grässlätterna söder därom. De ovanligt torra åren hade lett till matbrist i form av förstörda skördar och annan vegetation, samt boskapsdöd. Året 1973 nådde torkan sitt klimax i Sahelområdet, vilket fick till följd att 50% av boskapen dog och hungersnöden tog mer än 100 000 människoliv (MacDonald 1986). Bilder och historier om undernärda barn och död boskap stimulerade en enorm katastrofhjälp. Denna kortsiktiga hjälp har följts av mer långsiktig hjälp för utveckling av Sahelländerna.Under de senaste 20 åren har torrperioderna blivit alltfler och man tvistar om huruvida det rör sig om klimatförändringar eller klimatvariationer.