Allt fler personer drabbas av hjärt- och kärlsjukdomar, vilket på sikt kan leda till kronisk hjärtsvikt. För att förbättra omvårdnadsåtgärder för hjärtsviktspatienter har Socialstyrelsen 2004 givit ut nationella riktlinjer för hjärtsjukvård där vikten av en individuell handlingsplan betonas. Syftet med litteraturstudien är att undersöka på vilket sätt sjuksköterskor utför omvårdnadsåtgärder avseende fysisk aktivitet, egenvård, nutrition och rökstopp för patienter med hjärtsvikt och om dessa överrensstämmer med gällande riktlinjer samt om hänsyn måste tas till genusskillnader. Metoden är en litteraturstudie i databaserna PubMed och Elin@Malmö vilket resulterade i 14 artiklar som användes för att söka svaret på syftet. Som teoretisk referensram har Antonovskys KASAM modell använts.

The purpose of this project was to investigate if retention of polar compounds that are given to treat tuberculosis, diabetes, inflammatory bowel disease and childhood leukemia could be obtained with HILIC separation. By varying different parameters for different types of columns the compounds were analyzed with the aim of finding guidelines for future method optimizations. To perform these analyzes three different columns were tested ? ZIC-HILIC (silica-based with zwitterions), ZIC-pHILIC (polymer-based with zwitterions) and XBridge Amide (amide functions). The results were evaluated with selected quality measures.

Communication between people who already know eachother, and who use a social online platform to do so, have been thouroghly studied for years. Thus, the majority of the people we connect with on a day to day basis are friends and acquaintances. As children we were taught not to talk to strangers, and as we grew older we learned to avoid people who act suspiciously. These and many other factors are part of the reason we avoid strangers, but are we doing so wrongfully? Studies have shown that there are many benefits in everyday interaction with strangers, some of which are an estimated increase in happiness and letting people seemingly forget about previous grievances.

This qualitative study is based upon interviews with librarians. It investigates the librarians? opinions on material adapted for disabled people and examines strategies used to market user friendly services for the disabled. The study explores librarians? views about streaming directly on the internet.

This bachelor thesis consists of an analysis of museum environment. In the research, case studies have been done at the, Stockholm based museums, Swedish museum of Natural history?s exhibition Natur i Sverige (Nature in Sweden) and the Nordiska museet?s (Nordic history) exhibition Modemakt (Power of fashion) and learning environment Lekstugan (playhouse). The purpose of the research was to study how cultural heritage is used and developed within the museum pedagogy aimed at children. The research is based on a multimodal approach with focus on learning resources.The research examines the museums focus on children and youngsters, what the goals for this focus looks like on respective museum and how the focus is visible in the actual museums.

För att förebygga komplikationer vid kirurgiska ingrepp är den preoperativa fasen viktig. Sjuksköterskans roll innebär bland annat att försöka skapa trygghet samt ge adekvat information till patienten. Syftet med studien var att undersöka följsamheten gällande preoperativa riktlinjer och allmänna omvårdnadsåtgärder. Vid datainsamlingen utfördes totalt nio observationer på sju sjuksköterskor i deras arbetsmiljö. Studien utgör en kvalitets¬säkring och sammanställdes med stöd av innehållsanalys.

Today's children characterized and named according to Palfrey and Gasser for digital natives. Children are shaped by the use of media and ICT (Information- and Communication Technology) in a natural way. If their participation in environments where the media and ICT is common, it leads to other conditionsthan the previous generations. The purpose of this study was to understand and describe what teachers say and do to create involvement in children's use of media and ICT tools. The former media education development works carried out at preschools in Piteå municipality was the starting point and inspiration for the study. Study was based on a qualitative approach. Qualitative interviews and participant observations were carried out at one preschool in Piteå.

The aim of this study was to highlight homelessness through the perspective of formerly homeless men and women. The research questions focused on the informants experiences of the process into and out of the homeless situation and how their experiences could contribute to the knowledge about the social problem of homelessness. Besides the theoretical perspective of narrative and life course research, Fuchs Ebaugh exit theory and Honneth confirmation theory were used as theoretical guidelines.The empirical material consists of five life stories obtained through indepth interviews. The results of the study indicate that alcohol and drug use was of importance for the process towards homelessness. External factors as the change in the organization of the housing market in the 1990´s may also had an impact on the lifes of the informants.

Syftet med denna studie var att beskriva riktlinjer och PM angående smärtbedömning och behandling som finns att tillgå på olika akutmottagningar och sjukhus. Smärta är en av de vanligaste orsakerna till att människor söker sjukvård i Sverige, därför ställer detta krav på sjukvårdens kompetens och tillgänglighet till riktlinjer/ PM som stödjer den vård som ges. En förfrågan om att få ta del av sjukhusens riktlinjer/ PM skickades via ut mail. Dokumenten analyserades och innehållet delades därefter in i sju kategorier som beskrev dess kontext, Definition av smärta, Bedömning/ Skattning av smärta, Behandling, Mål, Utvärdering/ Dokumentation, Smärtombud och Övrigt. I kategorin övrigt tas bland annat den bristande referenshanteringen till riktlinjer/ PM upp.

The 22q11.2 deletion syndrome is a common genetic disorder that affects for example the heart, palate, immune system and hearing and therefore affects a child?s development. The purpose of this study was to investigate the proportion of children (0-18 years) with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome who have a hearing loss. A retrospective study of 103 children diagnosed with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome was conducted by medical records. Of the 103 children, 51 were boys and 52 were girls.

The purpose of this paper is to investigate in which aspects the public library is affected by its local community. This is re-searched by means of an exemplified case study of a Swedish public library in which we analyze governing documents and the library website with respect to environmental scanning and mar-keting of library services.The research questions are: How are the local community?s demands on the public li-brary being described in the governing document? How is the public library?s response to the demands of the local community being described in the operational plan? How are the demands of the local community, as shown in the governing document and the operational plan, re-flected in the marketing of library services on the library website?Our conclusions are that:The demands of the local community are described in a general fashion in the governing document, but there is a lack of concrete political guidelines.The public library's response to the demands of the local commu-nity is described to some length in the operational plan, but not with respect to economical factors.The demands of the local community are reflected to some length in the marketing of library services on the library website. Many of the overall themes that we identify in the governing document and the operational plan can be found in the marketing directed towards important target groups..

There are an increasing number of unaccompanied children coming to Sweden. Sweden is one of the countries in the world that receive many of them. This awoke my interest to investigate the assessment of financial assistance and ?other living expenses? considering unaccompanied children. My approach was a qualitative study including interviewing five social secretaries working in five different districts in Malmö.

The purpose of my study is to gain insight into how the education system (particularly social studies) is morally-minded based on the governing documents, former students and a textbook. I wanted to find out what morally-minded means and if it has a big role in social studies. Through interviews with former high school students (when my thesis is aimed at high school) I wanted to find out how they felt their social studies were educational and which the values that they had taken on from the lessons. I also chose to analyze a textbook to get a broader understanding of how the morally-minded education is written in specific areas relating to social studies. My study is a qualitative study and what I came up with is that the former students consider their social studies teaching lacked to some degree when it came to the morally-minded education. My investigation concludes that the morally-minded education is important in social studies as the purpose of social studies is to promote active democratic citizens.

With theories of creativity and aesthetic learning processes as a basis, this study explores the usage of the concept of creativity in the curriculum for the Swedish compulsory school (Lgr11) and in the various syllabi?s commentaries and the assessment guidelines for the subject of Sloyd produced by the Swedish National Agency for Education. The purpose of the study is, to examine to which extent an education and assessment that is directed towards the development of creativity among pupils in the subject of Sloyd, is underpinned and supported for in these texts, and furthermore how these wordings relate to the various other subjects? wordings about creativity. Creativity is a concept around which there is no proper consensus.

The national spatial planning guidelines and the subsequent legal regulation in the Natural Resources Act and the Environmental Code has been a part of the Swedish planning system for almost 40 years. In the recent years, critics have claimed that the regulations are outdated and does not work the way it was intended. This paper examines closer why it is perceived that the regulations does not work, with a focus on how the national interests are managed in the municipal planning. Why is the national interests not applied in the municipal planning as intended? Is the error in the system or in the implementation of it? The aim of this essay is to study the gap between theory and practice by studying how the land management provisions in the Environmental Code is applied in five selected municipalities. The aim is also to find interesting issues for futher studies of the topic.