The project focus on combustion of softwood pellets and pellets in a 40 kW grate fire reactor at TEC-Lab. Dept Applied Physics and Electronics at Umeå University. Experiments were performed at four primary airs to fuel ratios (0.7 to 1.3), where aspects such as temperature profile, levels of gases (CO and NO), sintering-/-slagging and unburned fraction of the ashes were studied. Four different fuel loads were used for wood pellets (10, 20 and 30 kW) and one fuel load for straw (10 kW). Combustion of straw proved very difficult to ignite, and also led to other combustion-related technical problem such as slag formation due to the relatively low melting temperature-/-slag temperature of the straw.

Den negativa miljöpåverkan från förbrukning av fossila bränslen ökar kravet på förnyelsebara energikällor. Biobränsle är ett speciellt lovande alternativ. Detta projekt vill visa på möjligheten att använda gas från biobränsleförgasning som förbränns utan synliga flammor i glassmältugnar. Med bättre teknik är det möjligt både att upprätthålla produktionen och reducera kväveoxidutsläppen med ekonomiska fördelar. Biobränslena bidrar inte till växthuseffekten.

This thesis describes the developmentof a device called "Oil Separator"which is used for washing vehicles andparticularly car washing. The devicedeveloped for Mr. Car Bilvård AB inUppsala, the company's work involvespassenger transport and courierservices. The company needs anexternal device that meets theenvironmental standards to wash theirown cars in the premises without theneed to modify or reconstruct on thepremises ground as the premises is ona leased contract.Work began with a preliminary study onthe literatures that describes boththe function and structure ofdesigning the device. A few interviewswith other car wash companies had beenimplemented, and some measurements.After collection of the necessaryinformation the specifications ofcustomer requirement was presented .With these requirements a fewconcepts was generated and weighedusing the Pugh matrix for conceptsselection for further development.The final concept was furtherdeveloped and a design has beenpresented.

The competitive nature of the automotive industry has always implied a necessity to improve product development concerning time-to-market, cost and product quality. As capacity of computer-aided engineering (CAE) tools has evolved, so has the strive for simulation-driven design. Virtual durability testing using full vehicle models is one of many challenges posed in front of vehicle manufacturers when computer simulations are given a key role in product development.This thesis has been initiated as a preliminary step towards implementing dynamic virtual durability testing in the development of buses and coaches at Scania. The objective has been to assess the predictability of a full vehicle coach model and to what level of precision structural loads can be predicted. Previously performed proving ground testing of a Scania Touring coach has been the basis for the modelling and simulations in this thesis.A virtual model of the Scania Touring coach has been created in multi-body simulation software package MSC.Adams.

Preporsition for bachelor thesis project, working from the inside and out. Emphasising spatial quality and experience, More or less ignoring form and program. I?ve had issues with these aspects in earlier project, the form or the program takes alot of place in the project. I haven?t tried this approach before, it?s an attractive thought to allow the project take a form of it?s own, enclosing those spaces i create.The initial concept was to place the pools on the ground (not digging them into the ground) making them volumes that divide and define spaces.

This study was conducted in the "Kåtaberget" forest reserve in Västerbotten in the summer of 1999. In the summer of 1995, a prescribed burning was performed in the reserve. In some places where coarse dry woody debris (logs and stumps) was present, the fire consumed the wood, as well as parts of the humus layer, creating deep-burned patches. The low intensity ground fire also created dead woody debris by burning off living trees with open fire scars, as well as standing dead trees. In this study, the post-fire tree seedling establishment was examined, with special attention given to the former presence of woody debris. The study also includes a survey of the areal extent of deep-burned patches, as well as an examination of tree seedling establishment in these patches, compared to other burnt ground.

There are very few studies that have taken the matter of teacher?s leadership in disciplinary actions into research. That is why the purpose of this essay has been to investigate the relationship of how students think their teachers appear in questions of discipline. The study has been narrowed down to gather and analyze the experiences that students have about teachers, and how teachers uphold and set themselves to ground rules in the classroom. The study has shown how the students interpret teacher?s act of following up consequences of classroom rules.

The forest industry is one of the most important industry branches in Sweden. Since the demand of high precision wood deliveries has increased, the demand on a well constructed forest road net also has increased. A good road net gives the wood-supplier competition advantages and also increases its service level towards its customers, lumber-mills and pulp-mills. In some parts of Norrbotten, the road net is still insufficient and not yet built out enough, and that is why it is important to know how to act and where to improve the road net in these areas. The purpose of this thesis was to create a work-model for long term road planning in areas with no road net or a not yet complete road net. The model has been created in an ArcGis environment, where a long chain of tools has been tied together with the program ?Model builder?.

Chapter 1 defines the aim of the project and gives a general orientation about ground heat extractors. In chapter 2 physical processes that could be expected to be involved in the heat transport around a ground heat exchanger are discussed. It is shown from a literature study what amount of moisture transport due to thermal gradients there could be expected in a ground heat exchanger. The conclusion is drawn that the moisture gradient (Sr) is of same magnitude as the driving temperature gradient (°C). At the expected amount of increased moisture around the pipes the moisture transport could be considered to have a little effect on the brine temperature.

Syftet med detta arbete är att se hur remissinstanserna reagerade på SOU 2004:121 Slag i luften vad gäller könsmaktsförståelsen som förklaring till mäns våld mot kvinnor. Bland de frågeställningar som undersöks i analysen av remissvaren med hjälp av en kvalitativ innehållsanalys är: Vilka gemensamma åsikter har remissinstansernas om könsmaktsförståelsen? Vad anser remissinstanserna om den strukturella förklaringen till mäns våld mot kvinnor? Vilken typ av män anser remissinstanserna det är som slår kvinnor? Vad anser remissinstanserna om utredningens utvärdering av Kvinnofridsuppdragen (1998) ur ett könsmaktsförståelseperspektiv? Vilken typ av feminism kan instanserna inordnas under? Finns det några samband mellan hur instanserna har svarat?Analysen visar att en klar majoritet av remissinstanserna inte godtar könsmaktsförståelsen av mäns våld mot kvinnor som en ensamstående förklaringsmodell. Däremot godtar de den strukturella könsmaktsförståelsen så till vida att strukturen i samhället, i denna kontext mäns överordning och kvinnors underordning, som en av förklaringarna till mäns våld mot kvinnor. Remissinstanserna anser att könsmaktsförståelsens strukturella perspektiv måste kombineras med andra förklaringar på bland annat individnivå, i ett så kallat ?allt- eller intet -perspektiv?.

Detta examensarbete har genomförts på uppdrag av Outokumpu Technology AB och bestod i att genomföra dynamiska beräkningar av en punchmaskin i syfte att skapa en bättre kunskapsbas för framtida utveckling Lämpliga aspekter att studera är bl.a: Vilka krafter som uppstår vid slagförloppet samt sambandet slagkraft/slaghastighet. Accelerationer och utbalansering vid slag och förflyttning. Utmattningspåkänningar i bärande konstruktioner. Vidare så är konstruktionsförbättringar av utsatta komponenter en möjlig del av examensjobbet. Som grund för beräkningarna har uppmätningar av en punchmaskin i drift genomförts och även tidigare mätningar har använts.

Storm water causes a number of problems in our country, particularly in city environment with its surfaces of non-absorbing ground materials. At heavy rain falls there are floods due to lack of capacity in the drain system when meeting heavy water masses over a short time. When the drain system is overloaded huge water masses reach the recipient untreated and there causing disturbances in the aquatic ecosystem. Due to emissions from mainly traffic, industries and other human activities the storm water is polluted. Earlier the problem used to be solved technically, by increasing the capacity of the tubes and by construction of reservoirs to delay the floods peaks.

The subject of this bachelor thesis is the debate regarding privatization of public libraries. The purpose is to investigate howprivatization is portrayed in different articles and by different participants. The articles used are from two of Sweden?s largest national daily papers: Dagens Nyheter and Svenska Dagbladet and two of Sweden?s largest library magazines: Biblioteksbladet and Tidskriften BiS: Bibliotek i Samhälle. The questions asked are: how is privatization portrayed? Whatdiscourses can be traced in the texts? And: can one foresee a future aiming towards privatization? In order to answer these questions Norman Fairclough?s critical discourse analysis was used as atheoretical and methodological viewpoint.The discourses found were named: The value ground discourse, the market liberal discourse and the pragmatic discourse.

Ground construction has to a large extent been dominated by traditional meth-ods during the last 50 years. Although the construction has been changed meanwhile innovations are not accepted. In collaboration with NCC Ltd Region South, I have examined a modern con-struction methodology that has been developed by NCC for future large pro-jects. The method is divided into two central phases. Phase 1 is? Single Pro-duction? which is a preliminary period for ground constructions to come.

Målet med detta examensarbete är att undersöka hur de metallurgiska och fysikaliska egenskaperna på direktreduktionspelletsen av kvalitetn KPRS (Kiruna Pellets Reduktion Special) påverkas av förändringar i nedmalningsgrad, järnmalmskoncentratets nedmalningsgrad med avseende på specifika yta och tillsatsmedlets mätt i procent mindre än 45µm. Försöken utfördes i laboratorieskala med upplägg enligt ett fullfaktorförsök. Järnmalmskoncentratet och tillsatsmedlet som används vid försöken har tagits ut från anrikningsprocessen, av detta material har sedan pellets tillverkas i en så kallad pot furnace som kan simulera pelletsprocessen. På färdiga pellets har det sedan utförts en rad tester. Då försöken med nedmalningsgrad ej var fullt genomförbara kompletterades arbetet med en multivariat studie av ATH.