This thesis consider alternatives for heating and cooling planned office buildings at Arlanda airport. The thesis is divided into three parts where the third part is a shorter synthesis of the two first. In the first part the energy demands of the buildings are modelled in a computer program. Two different building models are created, one more conventional and one with good energy properties. The results shows that with proper construction and ventilation systems etc.

Bakgrund: Vid hjärtkirurgi kyls patienten via ECC (extracorporeal circulation) till 32-34 °C för att minska metabolismen och syrekonsumtionen i vävnaderna. Efter att operationen är klar är det viktigt patienten blir normoterm då hypotermi medför många negativa effekter.Syfte: Att undersöka om värmemadrassen Inditherm Alpha® hjälper patienten att hålla en normal kroppstemperatur efter ECC-avslut samt om andra faktorer, dels demografiska, dels procedurrelaterade, kan påverka utfallet av uppmätt kroppstemperatur.Metod: Femtiofem patienter som genomgick elektiv CABG och/eller klaffoperation med ECC-inducerad hypotermi inkluderades konsekutivt. Undersökningsgruppen (n=29) genomgick kirurgi med värmemadrassen Inditherm Alpha® medan jämförelsegruppen (n=26) genomgick kirurgi utan värmemadrass. Grupperna var jämnt fördelade i alla avseenden förutom kön.Resultat: Flertalet patienter sjönk i kroppstemperatur efter ECC-avslut (p < 0,0001) men majoriteten av patienterna var normoterma vid ankomst till intensivvårdsavdelningen. Undersökningsgruppen hade inte högre kroppstemperatur vid något mättillfälle jämfört med jämförelsegruppen.

Oilseed rape is an important crop in Sweden and is grown on about 90000 ha today. The interest in oil seed pro-duction is increasing because of growing demand and high prices for oil seed both in Sweden and Europe. However, an increased intensity in the oil seed production can bring higher risk of yield losses due to fungal diseases. The purpose of this study was to investigate what different fungi are associated with oilseed rape under field conditions and if their incidence is correlated to crop establishment problems. This study was carried out in three parts: 1) investigations on fungal community structure in roots and rhizosphere soils from young spring- and winter rape plants sampled in failed respectively good establishment patches in four fields, 2) investigations on the pathogenicity of fungi isolated from oilseed rape in controlled environment and 3) investigations on the effect of different fungicide seed treatments on germination and early plant development in a field soil naturally infested with damping off- and Verticillium wilt pathogens. The studies on community structure using a combined approach of standard fungal isolation techniques and DNA based methods revealed a high fungal diversity in three out of four studied fields of spring rape and winter rape. For some unknown reason, very few fungal species were identified from the fourth field.

The world?s consumption is increasing at an accelerating rate and it´s produced and consumed more goods and services than ever before. A large part of people's consumption consists of clothing that is bought and discarded increasingly leading to a number of environmental problems such as global warming, pollution, loss of biodiversity and the depletion of natural assets. One way to save the earth's resources is to buy used clothing, so called second hand, instead of new ones. The store chain ?The Ants? (in Swedish ?Myrorna?) has specializing in second-hand goods and sells, among other things, clothes.

Cultivable land is a limited resource and agriculture contributes to some of the most serious environmental problems facing the planet like, global warming, eutrophication and loss of biodiversity. The specialized, industrial agriculture with monoculture and extensive input of external energy, commercial fertilizer, and chemical pesticides are all essentially unsustainable. An adaptation to other methods of production is necessary to preserve the environment for future generations. The aim of this study is to describe the factors that distinguish sustainable from unsustainable agriculture. The results will be used to examine if and how the European Union (EU) works in order to create a more sustainable agricultural industry and to analyze the preconditions for such development.

Postoperativ shivering (PAS) definieras som en serie ofrivilliga muskelrörelser som ökar den metabola värmeproduktionen i kroppen. Förekomsten av postoperativ shivering är ett problem inom den perioperativa vården. Det finns flera orsaker till shivering. Termoregulativa och icke termoregulativa. PAS förekommer i ca 5-65% av alla anestesier, men frekvensen har under åren minskat.

Trees in urban environment are exposed to extreme conditions, foremost the ones that grow in the hard packed soil along our streets. They are also exposed to damaging insects and fungal diseases both local and new ones spreading from South Europe. The global warming with warmer temperatures provides a longer growing season, making it easier for insects and fungus to establish a habitat. Based on these facts new tree species need to be available for future urban plantings.To determine what these trees would be an interview study began. Six people were selected who have experience in the field of urban environment planting.

Today?s climate research shows that the climate may increase its temperature. One sector that is being threatened by global warming is the winter tourism of the Swedish municipality A?re. Tourism is an important economical source of income in A?re and is now threatened by a shortened winter season.

The Swedish government has set up the overall goal that no net emissions of greenhouse gases can occur after 2050. A sub-target has been developed for road transports which states that the use of fossil fuels must be reduced with 80% to 2030 in order to be completely abolished to 2050. A public inquiry mapping how this can be achieved was handed in to the government late in 2013. The use of alternative fuels for road transport, both biofuels and electricity, is expected to give the biggest contribution to the reduction of the use of fossil fuels. The inquiry sets up a number of goals for how much the use of alternative fuels must increase to 2030 in order to reach the overall goal and which instruments that are needed in order to do so.The aim of this thesis is to evaluate how these goals can be reached and what the most likely obstacles that may hinder the reaching of these goals may be.

As a part of the fight against the global warming the energy production needs to be more efficient and redirected towards sustainable options. One alternative is cogeneration, which means that electricity and heat is produced in one plant. The purpose with this survey is to examine if there are any commercial available combined heat and power techniques, based on combustion of solid moist biomass, which are suitable to small-scale applications. The technique must be able to produce between 2 and 10 MW thermal and the heat demand is a Swedish district-heating system. When already published reports had been studied, the Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) was chosen as the most suitable technique.

On ocean beds around the world sinking particles of residual biomass from animals and vegetation have, over time, accumulated into thick layers of sediment. For researchers these layers of sediment contain valuable information about the earth?s past climate, information that can be used to predict future climate change and to estimate natural vs. human causes of today?s global warming.The Institute of Geosciences at Stockholm University studies sediment cores that have been acquired with an apparatus called piston corer.

Ever since ABB has begun diecasting their rotors instead of permanent mold casting it,variation in the quality of the cast has arisen. Diecasting is performed in three differentmachines, M1, M2, M3 with 400, 660 respectively 800 tons of die locking pressures.The aim of this thesis is to answer the following questions:What is the ?right? cast quality? How is the right quality achieved?For sizes 160-180 solutions will be proposed that consider eccentricity between thelaminate and the short circuit ring as well as elimination of the thin Al film that appearson the outer periphery of the rotors.Through considering the statistic material the most often diverging rotor type has beenidentified and one of the actual rotors has been sent to a laboratory to be analyzed inorder to establish the current defects. The result of the analysis shows that there areplenty of gas- and oxide-porosity.It has been proved that every time the dies temperature decreased below 120°C thecontent of gas porosity increased. It is due to rapid solidification of metal that flowsthrough the ?cold? laminate.It has confirmed that enhanced porosity in squirrel cage causes high impedance in therotors.

Arktis är den plats där den globala uppvärmningen är som mest märkbar på hela jorden (Arktiska rådet). Därför är Arktis ett intressant område att studera ur klimatsynpunkt. Enligt Gore (2006) så kan en ökning av jordens medeltemperatur på 1,5 °C leda till att de ekvatoriala områdena får en temperaturökning på 0,5 °C medan temperaturen vid Arktis kan stiga med hela 6 °C. De senaste 30 åren har medeltemperaturen vid Arktis stigit med drygt en grad per decennium (Anisimov, 2007) medan den globala medeltemperaturen för samma period endast stigit med ca 0.15 grader per decennium.Arktis tros ha varit isfritt under en värmeperiod för ca 6000 ? 8500 år sedan (Founder, 2011) men det som är unikt med den aktuella situationen är att avsmältningen går så snabbt.

Syftet med examensarbetet har varit att studera kol i mindre vattendrag med hjälp av jämviktsmodellering i PHREEQC. Fokus har varit dynamik av löst icke organiskt kol (DIC) samt att förstå hur mycket koldioxid (CO2) som avges från mindre vattendrag och om den mängden har signifikant inverkan på den globala kolbalansen. Med hjälp av provtagen data från Krycklans avrinningsområde år 2003-2007 och 2009 har modellering av DIC och pCO2 utförts med målet att se förändring både över säsong och nedströms i ytvattensystemet. För att utvärdera modellen har tillhandahållen data över uppmätt pCO2 använts. Målet var att jämföra modellerade och tillhandahållna pCO2-värden för att se hur väl modellen kunde beskriva verkligheten och om den fungerade bättre för någon plats eller under vissa delar av året.

This study has examined if importation of waste for energy recovery can reduce the climate impacts of Waste Management Systems. Using Systems Analysis this study will try to examine the complex waste systems in a systematical and strictly logical way to see how these systems interact and affect each other. Specifically examining the climate impact of waste management systems in England. The traditional way of handling waste in England is through Landfills. Land filling leads to emissions of the greenhouse gas Methane. The EU has put in place a landfill directive that is supposed to lead the member states away from land filling as a method of waste management. Today in Sweden there is a competition for the waste available for incineration. The worsening economical situation together with less product packaging and an increase in source separation leads to a lack of waste available for incineration.