Agricultural soils constitute the base in human food production and soil content of organic matter and plant nutrients together with soil microbial activity are all important parameters for high crop yield of good quality. These parameters are dependant on proper fertilization.Anaerobic digestion of organic wastes for biogas production generates a liquid residue called biogas residue (BR). It contains organic material and plant nutrients which makes ita potential fertilizer for arable cropping. However, it also contains heavy metals and toxic organic compounds and it is therefore in need of evaluation before usage.Microbial tests were performed aiming to evaluate the agronomic traits of four different BR and to find a viable procedure for evaluating slurry fertilizers. Two experiments where soil respiration and soil potential denitrification activity (PDA) was measured at fertilizer addition were performed.

Ethanol for automotive purposes is an issue much debated and researchers disagree about the benefits of bioethanol. Converting energy-rich crops into ethanol suitable as motor fuel is a complex process and continuous development and improvements of processes and material used are important steps in the work of developing environmental friendly fuels. Grain is usually preserved by drying which consumes a lot of energy. Alternative storage of high-moisture grain in airtight storage systems reduce the energy required to produce bioethanol and studies have also shown that ethanol yields are increased more than 10% in ethanol fermentations of moist grain compared to dry. Airtight storage is often not perfectly airtight so biocontrol agents are necessary in order to preserve the grain.

Bakgrund: Typ 1 diabetes (T1D) och graviditet är en kombination förknippad med risker hos mor och barn ochdet är av största betydelse att hålla blodsockret inom normala nivåer för den gravida kvinnan. Kvantitativastudier visar att kvinnor med T1D har en hög grad av ångest, depression och negativa tankar under graviditet.För att på ett djupare plan bättre förstå upplevelser under graviditet hos kvinnor med T1D krävs kvalitativastudier. Syfte: Syftet är att genom en metasyntes analysera och integrera resultat från kvalitativ forskning kringupplevelser under graviditet hos kvinnor med typ 1 diabetes (T1D). Metod: En metasyntes baserad på dentolkande metaetnografin genomfördes. Sökningar utfördes i databaserna Cinahl och PubMed.

Feed intake in dairy cows is regulated by a variety of factors influencing hunger and satiety. One of the regulation systems includes the short chain fatty acids produced during feed degradation in the rumen. Starch can be digested either in the rumen where short chain fatty acids are produced or in the small intestine where Glucose is the end product. Since Glucose does not have the same effect on satiety that short chain fatty acids have, the site of starch digestion might be an important factor that affects feed intake and milk production. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of site of starch digestion on feeding behaviour (feed intake, consumption time, and eating frequency) and milk production. Because feeding behaviour is closely connected to the cows? environment, the study also included observations of behaviour. Three different feed rations were compared.

Diabetes typ 2 ökar i hela världen, beräkningar har visat att prevalensen troligen kommer att öka till det dubbla år 2030. Att identifiera och behandla patienter som riskerar att utveckla sjukdomen är angeläget då personer med diabetes typ 2 löper ökad risk för att få komplikationer och andra sjukdomstillstånd som leder till stort lidande och förtida död. Syftet med denna litteraturstudie var att utifrån distriktssköterskans ansvarsområde beskriva primärpreventiva åtgärder och dess effekter för att förebygga diabetes typ 2 hos personer med nedsatt glukostolerans. En litteraturstudie med analys av 14 vetenskapliga artiklar genomfördes och resultatet visade att studier som innehöll både kost och motionsintervention inklusive individuell eller gruppbaserad rådgivning hade goda långtidseffekter på riskfaktorerna för insjuknande av diabetes typ 2. Patienter med nedsatt glukostolerans har behov av stöd för att förändra sina levnadsvanor i strävan mot att förebygga eller skjuta upp insjuknande i diabetes typ 2.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of an infusion of hypertonic saline solution (HSS) in combination with an oral waterload on cows suffering from rightsided displacement of the abomasum (RDA). Six dairy cows were treated with 7,2% HSS in a dosis of 5 ml per kg bodyweight. They also received an oral waterload of approximately 15 liters. To monitor changes in fluid-, acid-base- and electrolyte-balance, bloodsamples were collected during the next 24 hours. During this period, the cows also underwent surgery to empty and correct the position of the abomasum.

ABSTRACT Objective: The objective of this review was to describe the effects of low carbohydrate diets in people with diabetes type 2. Methods: Review. An article search was made in the databases PubMed and Medline. The search resulted in 17 studies. After review and analysis of the studies main results five categories were highlighted; bloodsugar levels, HbA1c, weight, lipid levels and antidiabetic medications.

Bakgrund: Diabetes mellitus typ 2 fo?rva?ntas o?ka drastiskt de kommande a?ren. Fo?r att uppna? fo?ra?ndring beho?ver personerna fa? insikt och fo?rsta?else fo?r sambandet mellan delar i egenva?rd. Empowerment har visat sig vara av betydelse fo?r att uppna? egenkontroll och sja?lvsta?ndighet i egenva?rd.Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva effekten av empowerment pa? egenva?rd hos personer med diabetes mellitus typ 2.Metod: En litteraturo?versikt har genomfo?rts baserad pa? vetenskapliga artiklar med kvantitativ design och analyserades enligt Fribergs trestegsmodell.Resultat: Resultatet a?r en sammansta?llning av totalt tio artiklar besta?ende av ett sjukdoms- specifikt- eller patientdrivet program inneha?llande empowermentinterventioner.

Ethanol produced from lignocellulosic biomass has the potential to become a promisingalternative to gasoline. In this work the simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF)technology was applied for ethanol production from hardwood with focus on cell growth,ethanol production and contamination.The SSF was performed at PH 5.5 and 35°C for different suspended solid concentrations(8%, 10% and 12%) of pretreated birch slurry which contained 16 % total suspended solids.Two different hexose fermenting yeast strain (Ethanol Red) and pentose fermenting yeaststrain were used.Quantifying the concentration of chemical components and metabolites in the fermentationmedium demonstrated that Glucose and xylose are the major fermentable sugars in the slurry.The higher load of slurry (12%) represents a higher content of carbohydrates and potentiallyhigher end concentration of ethanol. Moreover, more lactic acid is produced with the lowerload of slurry (8 % or 10 %), presumably due to a result of a less inhibitory environment forbacterial growth. In this context, acetic acid sticks out as the most important inhibitor withconcentrations of 15.2 and 12.5 and 9.7 g/l respectively in the 12 %, 10 % and 8 % (ofsuspended solids) trials. Using pentose fermenting yeast may lead to higher ethanolproduction, lower xylose uptake and lower lactic acid formation.

Endometrios,  en  sjukdom  med  symtom  som  smärtor  eller  blödningar  i  samband  med menstruation, börjar ofta i tonåren men diagnostiseras inte förrän flera år senare. Kvinnorna med denna diagnos beskriver ofta att de inte  fått förståelse för sina problem under tonåren. Sjukdomen kan innebära stora besvär  för den drabbade och följder på det fysiska, psykiska och sociala planet kan ses. Syftet var att studera hur unga kvinnor med endometriossymtom upplevde  skolsköterskans  stöd  under  högstadie-  och  gymnasietiden,  för  att  kunna  påverka deras livskvalitet. Via Svenska endometriosföreningens ungdomssektion i Sverige gjordes en kvantitativ   undersökning   med   kvalitativt   inslag.   Ett   frågeformulär   skickades   ut   till föreningens  59  medlemmar,  24  kvinnor  svarade.  Resultatet  visade  att  några  få  kvinnor  var nöjda med den hjälp de fått under skoltiden men de flesta kvinnorna uttryckte att de saknade kunskap,  stöd  och  förståelse  från  skolsköterskan  vilket  ibland  gav  ett  icke  tillfredsställande bemötande.

Glycerol is essential for the lipid metabolism of both plants and animals. Glycerol is formed in the rumen by hydrolysis of lipids from the feed. Glycerol is also a by-product from the production of biodiesel from rapeseed oil and other fat sources. Glycerol might be used as a dietary Glucose precursor for dairy cows in similar ways as propylene glycol. Due to increased production of biodiesel more glycerol has been available to a lower price.

Aim and Problem statement The study aimed to investigate views on physical health amongst patients in methadone maintenance program, which is a subject little explored. Previous studies suggest that methadone patients are at risk developing illnesses related to the metabolic syndrome and an unhealthy lifestyle. Methadone also has side effects such as weight gain and irregular levels of Glucose. Method This qualitive study included seven interviews with patients in the methadone maintenance program in Uppsala. Qualitive content analyses were performed Findings Content anlyses gave the theme: The view on physical health is a stuggle after normality were ambivalence of lifestyle changes and alienation causes instability in helath.

Sudoku är ett mycket populärt pusselspel som härstammar från Japan. Sudokuproblemet har visats vara NP-fullständigt och det finns därför troligen inget effektivt sätt att lösa stora pussel. På senare år har det skett mycket forskning kring SAT-lösare. I denna rapport prövades olika SAT-lösare från ?International SAT-Competition? för att undersöka om det existerar en korrelation mellan exekveringstid och svårighetsgradering samt för att avgöra vilken av dessa som är effektivast för att lösa pussel av olika svårighetsgrad och storlek.

During the last decades the fertility of dairy cows has declined in the same rate as the milk yield has increased. This is a result of the negative genetic correlation between milk yield and fertility, failure to show estrous signs and metabolic problems in the cow. The purpose of this review was to investigate the function of metabolites and hormones as markers for disturbances in fertility, health and production in the dairy cow. There are several metabolites that are suggested to indicate the cow?s energy balance.

Abstract  The development and onset of diseases such as cardiovascular disease (CVD) and Type 2 diabetes are closely linked to genetics and lifestyle factors including physical activity and diet. A cluster of metabolic disorders called the metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a high-risk factor in developing these diseases. Acording to the International diabetes institute, one fourth of the worlds adult population has MetS. These individuals are twice as likely to die from CVDs compared to individuals without MetS. Physical activity (PA) and exercise has been shown to provide a number of positive effects that are considered to reduce the risk of developing sickness and premature mortality among both men and women of all ages, independent of other risk factors.