Denna studie ämnar undersöka hur den reella makten över ett områdes fysiska utformning kan konstrueras och ta sig i uttryck genom informella nätverk och förhandlingsplanering. Resultatet diskuteras sedan utifrån ett demokratiskt perspektiv. Undersökningen sker genom att med kvalitativa metoder undersöka den planeringsprocess som skulle leda fram till Annedal, ett pågående nybyggnadsprojekt i Stockholms kommun. Den huvudsakliga källan till empiriskt material har varit genom intervjuer och samtal med personer som varit centrala aktörer inom Annedals planeringsprocess. Undersökningens empiri analyseras genom de teoretiska begreppen governance och rationalitet för att undersöka de nätverk inom vilka makten över kommunens fysiska utformning kan konstrueras, samt hur rationalitet används som ett verktyg för att forma det fysiska rummet.

Bees are of importance for the global food security. In Europe 84% and in the World 35% of all the agricultural crops are dependent of animal pollination (Winfree et al., 2011:1). In agricultural production there is a huge lack of pollinators (Azien & Harden, 2009). A problem that is widely spread. In Sweden the problem becomes clear when looking at the statistics of the number of bee colonies during the last 20 years, where it has been a decline with 63 % (Statistiska Centralbyrån & Jordbruksverket, 2011).

This essay examines the European Union?s (EU) ability to play a leading role as a global actor on the world stage in international relations. Specifically, this essay studies the EU?s role of negotiator in the UN Climate Change Conference in Copenhagen in December 2009.  This essay also analyzes explanations for this role. Research is based on case studies, with conclusions drawn using an inductive approach.

Denna studie har som fokus att identifiera de faktorer som påverkade utgångspunkten för den tänkta fusionen mellan svenska Telia och norska Telenor samt fusionen TeliaSonera. Ytterligare skall faktorer som kunde ha underlättat och möjliggjort fusionen Telia/Telenor besvaras. Dessutom skall fusionen mellan Telia och finska Sonera studeras och jämföras med den förstnämnda fusionen för att påvisa vad som gjordes annorlunda under förhandlingarna med Sonera.Detta kommer att undersökas genom ett antal tidningsartiklar kring händelseförloppen samt intervjuer med personer som har kunskap och erfarenhet kring ämnet. De personer som intervjuats är; Lars-Johan Cederlund, ämnesråd/Director på svenska näringsdepartementet, Brita-Lena Ekström, f.d. ekonomijournalist på Dagens Nyheter, Ulf Bäckman, f.d.

Socially Responsible Investments (SRI) and Active Ownership have become increasingly important concepts when it comes to the corporate governance of investors today. Institutional owners highlight the importance of engaging in dialogue, in their pursuit to influence the companies to become sustainable. However, stakeholders and academia are requesting more insight into the workings of these dialogues, concerning their purpose, design and function. This study attempts to increase the existing knowledge of dialogue as a tool for active engagement, used by institutional investors in Sweden. The performed study is based on interviews with five public and private Swedish institutional investors, an SRI consultant firm as well as representatives from two NGOs.

Denna studie syftar att i relation till governance-perspektivet granska forskares argumentation kring reglering avgeoengineering. Detta för att utläsa om den reglering som forskare argumenterar för kan väntas vara effektiv närklimatfrågor styrs allt mer integrerat från samhället.Geoengineering är samlingsnamnet för tekniker som återbalanserar klimatet för att motverka klimatförändringar.Teknikerna innebär stora risker då kunskapen idag är liten om effekter från användning. I dagsläget finns inte hellernågon direkt reglering av geoengineeringteknikerna, endast några tekniker regleras till viss del av internationella avtalfrån FN. Detta framhävs som ett starkt argument av flertalet forskare för varför reglering är nödvändigt att utforma.Att en enskild aktör, eller en begränsad grupp aktörer kan använda teknikerna utan samtycke från andra staterpresenteras som ytterligare ett argument till varför reglering är nödvändigt.Hur forskarna menar att regleringen bör utformas för största effekt varierar, men överens är de om att i slutändankrävs en internationell reglering, då effekterna från teknikerna är globala. En sådan utformning är inte helt förenlig medgovernance-perspektivet som syftar till en styrning som är integrerad i samhället och inte som bindande internationellaavtal som integreras i politiken inom staterna.

Green public procurement (GPP) can be used as an instrument to reduce carbon dioxide emissions, and consideration of environmental aspects within public procurement is becoming more common in Sweden and internationally. Two product groups that have been pointed out as especially important are transports and electricity, where the opportunities for public purchasers to reduce emissions are relatively large. This paper studies GPP which aims at reducing emissions, primarily of carbon dioxide, through environmental requirements within these two product groups. A theoretical analysis of cost-effectiveness, transaction costs and effects on technological development is performed, followed by a closer study of how these aspects appear in practice within GPP. The results indicate that a cost-effective allocation of reductions between the two product groups is most likely to be attained if the main part of emission reduction is achieved through environmental requirements on electricity. The cost for emission reduction within transports is relatively high, especially for heavy transports. For transportation services, more generally focused requirements on emission reductions could probably give greater environmental gains, but the existence of transaction costs steer the environmental requirements towards more technology specific types.

Every year 67000 tons of food is wasted by Swedish retail stores. The waste implies financial losses for the retailer and it has a huge impact on the global environment. Reducing in-store food waste is thus a win-win situation for both retailers and society. The most effective way to reduce waste is primarily by optimizing the logistics of supply, but customers expect a store with a wide range of products and stuffed shelves. Thus there will always be products about to expire.

This essay is called What kind of history? and is about how history teachers think when they chose what to teach about and why. In the curriculum there are no guidelines about what substance you have to teach about. This gives the schools and teachers a big freedom. At the same time there is a kind of informal canon which says that it is the European perspective that is the important one.

During the spring semester of 2012 did Petra Hollsten independently a thesis on reducing the environmental impact of capsule for coffee, tea and chocolate. The work was performed at Karlstad University, Faculty of Technology and Science under the Bachelor of Science program in innovation, technology and design. The project's scope is at 22.5 points.The employment for this project is the company Löfbergs Lila AB in Karlstad. Supervisor at the Principal has been Maria Herou Wallner and Sandra Lyxell, product managers. Supervisor at Karlstad University is Monica Jakobsson, lecturer and program leader for innovation and design engineering program.

In preparation for the autumn term in 2011, the Swedish elementary school adopted new syllabuses regarding, inter alia, the civic education (Sw. Samhällskunskap). The civic education has traditionally been a disciplinary subject with a main purpose of mediating democratic values as well as providing generalorientation in the society. Generally, the civic education intends to reflect the world in which people live in, being a complex society which to a large extent is regularly affected by global aspects and developments.      The purpose of this study is to review all the elementary school?s syllabuses relating to the civic education with specific focus on the globalisation perspective.

Lund who has over 90 systems in 12 departments and now wants to streamline the management of these IT systems. Governance of IT systems is something that Lund would treat as it carried a large amount of changes in their practices, where the control is something missed in trying to standardize their systems. What's missing for Lund Municipality is routine to fall back on in order to streamline the management when they get into these complex situations.Given that Lund treat so many systems make it so that the situation quickly becomes very complex due of the organization's structure. The municipality is divided into twelve departments that have their own goals, it is an organization that is organized, which makes creating standards become complicated when all departments have different needs. Our study was based on a framework that deals with complex environments that lack a clear definition.An analysis was conducted where we started from the theory associated with the interviews conducted in which we aimed to understand their decision and understand the processes that affect system development.

Sverige har under många år varit ledande i e-förvaltningsarbetet och har utformat ett flertal handlingsplaner för införandet. E-förvaltningsarbetet har drabbats av svårigheter och problem under åren och år 2008 startades e-förvaltningsarbetet om med en ny handlingsplan. Även denna handlingsplan har utsatts för kritik såsom att det bara en vision som saknar riktlinjer hur e-förvaltningsarbetet skall realiseras. Ledande personer inom forskningsämnet anser att handlingsplanen inte är tillräcklig för att stödja och leda kommunerna i e-förvaltningsarbetet. Studien syftar till att undersöka hur handlingsplanen omvandlas till styrning och strategier i offentliga förvaltningar.

This thesis provides a good introduction to the American environmental certification system LEED, Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design, and trough compar-isons between Sweden and the United States an explanation to the systems design is given. The work is closely linked to a LEED Core & Shell project in Stockholm, Swe-den, where the goal is to reach the second highest rating in LEED - Gold.This thesis gives a broad description of the LEED system and a more profound study of the energy sector, Energy and Atmosphere. Here, for example, an analysis has been made of how the energy consumption of an imaginary building designed according to the requirements of the BBR (Swedish building code) performs in comparison to the Baseline building in LEED.The existing model of Borgarfjord 3, which served as a case study in this work, has al-so been modified to investigate the energy savings that could have been achieved by adding extra insulation to the building. A description of the problems, regarding how the Swedish district heating system (DES) is treated in LEED, is given as well as the suggested modifications. This is an issue that will be pursued during the process of shaping a new, international, version of LEED due to be launched 2012..

Sustainability questions that concern the subjects of environmental and social aspects are increasing in today?s society, and therefore the sustainability report is a way for companies to show their work with sustainability development by working with a clear report and follow up. As the first country in the world, Sweden has decided, as from the financial year of 2008, that all governmental owned companies should present a sustainability report according to the guidelines of GRI. The aim of this essay was to identify and analyze actual events from a sustainability aspect for Vattenfall, from a medial perspective during the time period 2005-2009. We made a content analysis of one company?s sustainability reports during a time period of five years and we connected this to the medias reports of the company from the same period, to see if there were any connections between the subjects that media had elucidated.