Differences between groups or individuals in a society with regards to access to information and communication technologies (ICTs) are known as the digital divide. The digital divide pertains to differences in physical access to computers and the Internet as well as knowledgein using technology. Important factors affecting the digital divide are disabilities, age, gender, socioeconomical background, ethnicity and geography. The digital divide appears on several levels: internationally, nationally, regionally and locally. Individuals who, for some reason, have limited or no access to information and communication technologies risk, among other things, to experience social exclusion.

Since the beginning of the 21st century the Open Access-movement, which advocates free online distribution of scholarly information, has gained momentum. Authors can provide Open Access to their work in two main ways: by depositing a copy of their research output in an e-print archive and by publishing in Open Access journals. During the past few years, universities and other research institutions throughout the world have established institutional repositories to manage, preserve and provide access to the intellectual output of the university/research institution. The purpose of this master?s thesis is to describe the implementation of an institutional repository at the Swedish University College of Borås.

The purpose of this study is to examine the accessibility with public transportation in the case of the Umeå Region in northern Sweden. This is done by GIS network analysis where both access to transit stops, as well as access by public transport from stops to destinations is examined. An accessibility index is created from transit frequency and travel times to destinations. The results is compared with population register data to calculate what shares of the population has which levels of accessibility with public transportation. In the Umeå Region there are different levels of accessibility by public transport for different parts of the region, where transit stops in the most densely populated areas has the highest levels of accessibility, as well as stations along the railroads.

The natural sciences and the humanities are associated with differentpublishing patterns. Open Access publishing are mainly associated withthe publishing patterns of the natural sciences. Many Swedishuniversities and research funders are proponents of Open Accesspublishing, what will that trend mean to the scholars with a publishingpattern not corresponding to Open Access? In this paper literary scholarsare interviewed for the purpose of learning the motives and strategieswhich form their publishing pattern, and how they relate to Open Accesspublishing. The results show that literary scholars are less competitiveand hold a more gentle knowledge-sharing ideal, than natural scientists.The drive to gain acknowledgment and the recognition of colleagues inorder to collect academic capital as Bourdieu describes the academicfield is still present though.

The aim of this masters thesis is to study the reliability of the URL as the link between a bibliographic record and a web resource. The Swedish catalogue services LIBRIS and NetSök have been evaluated on three different occasions, to study how these services have succeeded in giving access to web resources by using URLs. Because URLs are changeable, we have tried to find out common characteristics of the URLs in broken links. To accomplish this study we have used a quantitative approach and evaluated five percent of the web resources in the catalogues using a random selection. We have also used documentation relevant for our study, among other things to illustrate previous studies of the nature of web resources and alternative solutions to URLs as access points to web resources.

The aim of this masters thesis is to examine the information access of female Ph. D. students in connection with their situation as women and researchers within the academic setting. In order to examine this, qualitative interviews with ten female Ph. D.

Uppsatsens syfte är att få en inblick över hur fritidspedagoger ser på och arbetar med fysisk aktivitet. Undersökningen gjordes genom en webb enkät. 163 yrkesverksamma fritidspedagoger besvarade enkäten. I bakgrunden belyses fritidshemmets framväxt, fritidspedagogens yrkesroll samt hur den fysiska aktiviteten påverkar barns hälsa och utveckling. Resultatet visade att majoriteten både anser att fysisk aktivitet hör till fritidshemmens ansvarsområde och att det är en viktig del i deras verksamhet.

?Medicines are available in different forms and often have different types of compound components. More and more drugs are found on the market. This means that professionals who handle different medicines must have access to more and more information.The information available includes information about side effects, active substances, interactions and pill identification. You may want to access different information, depending on your profession.

To self-archive is to make research publications freely accessible by depositing them in an open digital archive or on a public website. The aim of this thesis is to explore what Swedish scientists think of self-archiving, what they know about it and how they make use of it, in order to understand why they do not self-archive more actively.A web survey was conducted which was answered by 296 scientists at the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU). Results show that only 24 % have previous experience of self-archiving, but that a majority is willing to self-archive if there are no legal objections or if it is demanded by the research funder. The most important reasons why many scientists do not self-archive are that they feel uncertain about copyright issues and/or lack knowledge about self-archiving..

Människan är byggd för fysisk aktivitet. Regelbunden fysisk aktivitet påverkar kroppen positivt. Muskelmassan minskar med åldern vilket medför minskad muskelstyrka. Detta leder ofta till att de vardagliga sysslorna blir mer ansträngande än tidigare. Studier har visat att den funktionella förmågan och livskvaliteten kan förbättras genom fysisk aktivitet.

Introduktion/bakgrund: Cirka 50 000 människor i Sverige har typ-1 diabetes. Typ-1 diabetes är en autoimmun sjukdom där insulinproduktionen i kroppen upphör med tiden. Det finns en del teorier om varför vissa personer utvecklar typ-1 diabetes, dock är det inte klarlagt varför vissa personer utvecklar sjukdomen. Personer med typ-1 diabetes måste tillföra insulin genom dagliga injektioner. Fysisk aktivitet påverkar typ-1 diabetes genom att nsulinkänsligheten ökar.

A study of southern pudu (Pudu puda) was performed at the zoo Nordens Ark in Bohuslän, Sweden during twelve days in Mars and April 2014. Observations were performed during twilight. Time budget and enclosure use was examined, when the animals had access to the whole enclosure of 1000 m2 or a smaller part of the enclosure of 200 m2. There was almost no difference in time budget between the two enclosure sizes. At both enclosure sizes the animals spent most of the time at a place that was hidden from outside the enclosure. The hidden place was situated in the house.

Camera surveillance can provide good protection against certain types of crime, but it can also invade our privacy. The County Administrative Board monitors compliance with the rules by visiting those places to which the general public has access. They have to issue permits before general camera surveillance to those places which the general public has access. In certain cases, in stores for example, general camera surveillance is permitted only if the Country Administrative Board is notified in advance. The Data Inspection Board is a public authority and responsible for the camera surveillance for those places to which the public not has access.

Fysisk aktivitet är betydelsefullt, då det både har positiva psykiska och fysiska effekter på människan. De senaste åren har antalet aktiva unga minskat, denna trend behövs brytas. Det finns många olika faktorer som påverkar barn och ungdomar och deras motivation till fysisk aktivitet. De mest återkommande faktorerna är dock att ha kul och känna sig kompetent..

Uppsatsens syfte är en undersökning av fyra skolors intentioner och arbete i skolår 0-3 med daglig fysisk aktivitet. Undersökningen består av åtta intervjuer med fyra rektorer och fyra lärare. Intervjufrågorna bygger på att få en insikt om rektorer och lärares inställning till fysisk aktivitet. Uppsatsen tar upp viktiga fysiska och psykiska effekter av fysisk aktivitet. Teorier om idrott och hälsa styrker behovet av rörelse.