Atopisk dermatit hos hund (CAD) är en kliande hudsjukdom med komplex patogenes som involverar felreglering av immunförsvaret, allergisk sensibilisering, defekter i hudbarriären, mikrobiell kolonisation samt olika miljöfaktorer. Dock är den inbördes relationen mellan dessa faktorer inte klargjord. En ökad förståelse för sjukdomens patogenes, bland annat den immunologiska bakgrunden inklusive vilken T-cells- och cytokinprofil som kännetecknar sjukdomen, skulle kunna öka drabbade hundars livskvalitet genom förbättrade behandlingsmetoder. Studier har undersökt cellinfiltrat och visat att både CD4+ och CD8+ T-celler förekommer i ökade mängder i huden hos AD-hundar, och således att det finns Th-celler samt CTLs och/eller suppressoriska T-celler i denna hud. Dessa studier hittade också förhöjda CD4/CD8-kvoter, vilket visar på en ökad lymfocytreaktivitet.

Fibroblast growth factors are signaling peptides that controls important cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation, migration, adhesion and survival. Through binding to different types of receptors on the cell surface, these peptides can have different effect on the target cell. Which effect that is achieved depends on many factors. Thus, each of the 24 known FGFs different biological responses. The FGF receptors (FGFR 1-4) initiates different intracellular pathways which in turn leads to different biological responses.

This master thesis was a subtask of a project called EMIR-1. The goal with the thesis was tobuild a system for particulate mass measurements in one of the engine test cells at KTH. Theparticulate mass measurements are planned to be measured with a TEOM.The exhaust gases must first be diluted with air before the sample is sent to the TEOM.Therefore an ejector diluter for this matter also was designed and evaluated in the thesis.Emissions measurements have been done both with and without dilution to determine thedilution ratio. Tests have been done for different speeds and loads.Problems with stability of the dilution ratio have been an issue throughout the process andpressure pulsations in the exhaust pipe are believed to be the cause. More tests have to be done tomake sure that this is the problem.One idea is to make the inner diameter of the diluter nozzle smaller and see if it changes thedilution ratio stability.

In the last few years people have become more and more aware of how humanity is affecting the climate. In the direction of reducing the greenhouse gases is to design engines with higher tensile properties and reduced weight, in order to achieve lower fuel consumption and cleaner fuel incineration in today's truck engines.In order to achieve these requirements it?s necessary to increase the combustion pressure in the engine. This requires higher tensile properties and high thermal conductivity of the engine material. The department of Component Technology at the University of Jönköping in collaboration with Volvo Powertrain AB, Scania CV AB and DAROS Piston Rings AB has been commissioned to develop this material and to find knowledge of material properties used in truck engines and piston rings used for marine applications.The purpose with this work is to analyze the tensile properties of a series of cast iron, cast under different metallurgical conditions.Four different series of cast irons have been analyzed from four points of view, carbon concentration, nodularity, amount inoculation and cooling rate.After the tensile test all specimen data was analyzed in a mathematic calculation program called Matlab 2006a.

Diesel electric propulsion is in many ways a good alternative to conventional shaft propulsion, both economically and environmentally. There are also many other good side effects which need to be considered, i.e. better manoeuvrability, more efficient use of space and less noise on board. However, there are applications where diesel electric propulsion is not profitable. Large ocean going ships? profitability is much depending on fuel costs and the diesel electric alternative cannot compete on long journeys with large low speed engines.This thesis will treat the aspects of choosing between a diesel electric system and a classic mechanical propulsion system.

Until 2020, 49% of Sweden's use of energy must derive from renewable sources. Greenhouse gases must as well decline with 40% compared to 1990 as a part of Sweden's 16 environmental objectives. Biogas is part of the effort to achieve these objectives, but as the demand for biogas increases, more substrates are needed to meet the demand. The purpose is to investigate the conditions for pea residue as substrate by performing lab-scale mesophilic digestion with different fractions and notch lengths and then to summarize pea residue as a substrate for biogas production. During anaerobic digestion, 1000 ml bottles were used as reactors for digestion.

The dog has often served as a model animal for humans in scientific studies. This is due to the fact that dogs are susceptible to a wide range of diseases which also affect humans. One example is cancer, a condition that affects dogs as well as owners. Neoplastic diseases account for 18-23 % of all deaths in dogs (Bonnet et al., 2005 and Jagielski et al., 2002). Mammary tumor, or tumor of the breast, is the most common tumor form in intact dogs and women (Im et al., 2013). Mammary tumors originate in the udder, and are classified according to their histological characteristics.

The Swedish road transport sector relies almost completely on fossil fuels. In 2007, as much as 96 percent of the total sales of fuels was made up of petrol and diesel, while at the same time the share of total emissions of greenhouse gases in Sweden that came from road transports amounted to close to 30 per cent. Sweden is by no means worse off than any other European country in these respects. In order to address the questions of high oil dependence and CO2 emissions the European Commission has proposed a reinforcement of the legislative framework, with a 10 percent minimum for the market share of biofuels in 2020. Furthermore, the proposed target is binding for the member states, unlike the current voluntary target of 5.75 percent by 2010. More than doubling the usage of biofuels in only a bit more than a decade will most likely not be possible without policy interventions.

Fuel wood is currently the third largest assortment from the forest in Sweden after pulpwood and lumber. Branches and tops i.e. logging residues are one of the assortments of fuel wood which is a common by-product after harvesting nowadays. The way to utilize, disintegrate and transport the logging residues varies between northern and southern Sweden. Branches and tops are collected throughout the year at appropriate stands, but are consumed mainly wintertime.

This master thesis encompasses an inventory of the older industrial community of Gimo. Investigations of the contamination situation for each industrial area were done. A risk classification according to the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency?s ?Method of Surveying Contaminated Sites?, phase one, followed. The risk classification was done on areas of Iron Work, a rockwool industry and a landfill. Gimo have had iron manufacturing from 1615 until 1945. Gimo have had two blast-furnaces and two smithies periodically.

As trucks are getting more and more advanced, information about their weight has become a key factor for controlling them in a more fuel efficient and safe manner. Knowing the mass of a heavy duty vehicle in real time has been a difficult challenge for the truck manufacturers. With the processing power for electronic control units in trucks steadily increasing, more advanced algorithms for calculating the mass has been developed, but at the moment there still is a wish for better performance.Since there is a lack of good information regarding the external forces acting on the vehicle, forces that depends on the slope of the road, foundation of the road and the wind, the methods have to be able to disregard these. Such an approach, based on an indirect least square solution, has been evaluated in this thesis. The results have been promising and based on these a recommendation about further evaluation has been made..

Namibia, southern Africa, suffers from an energy shortage and is therefore facing severalchallenging problems. The use of firewood as fuel for cooking is common in the whole countryand has negative consequences for health and the environment. This work have focused ondeveloping a solar baking oven, calledSunbaker, adapted for Namibian families needs forbaking. The development was based on classic solar cooking limitations, specific needs forNamibia and to have a feasible manufacturability.The project started with a theoretical study in Sweden where different solar cookers, informationregarding Namibia, technical aspects and end user aspects were studied. To assess the need for asolar baking oven aMinor Field Study took place in Namibia during eight weeks in July toSeptember 2009 and resulted in a product design specification.

The vertical electronic excitation energies for the narrow-bandgap polymers LBPF, EP37 and EP62 have been calculated using Density Functional Theory (DFT). Also the vertical excitation energies for the acceptor unit of LBPF have been calculated using the Hartree-Fock (HF), DFT and Coupled Cluster (CC) methods. The calculations cover the visible and infrared wave length region and two strong transitions are obtained, one corresponding to the pi to pi* transition and one corresponding to the pi to Acceptor transition. The excitation energies obtained from DFT are below the corresponding experimental results and attempts have therefore been made to perform bench-marking calculations using a hierarchy of CC methods..

Using the Introductory Carbon Balance Model, ICBM, five different crop rotations with rye 1. Rye-Ley-Ley-Rye-Beans-Rye 2. Rye-Rye-Rapeseed-Rapeseed 3. Rye-Ley-Ley-Rye-Potatoes-Rye 4. Rye-Rye-Potatoes-Wheat 5. Rye-Rye-Potatoes-Beans-Wheat-Rye-Potatoes-Rapeseed were tested theoretically in four different cultivation scenarios ? Straw left on the field, biogas digestate added as fertilizer. Labelled ?+straw+BD?. ? Straw left on the field, only synthetic fertilizer. Labelled ?+straw-BD?. ? Straw harvested, biogas digestate added as fertilizer.

Proteins are vital to all cells in the body. They consist of long chains of amino acids. To be able to study the amino acid composition of a protein it is necessary to hydrolyse it, followed by separation and quantification. When the protein is hydrolysed, in this case ß-lactoglobulin, the protein is divided into individual amino acids. The method that traditionally has been used to hydrolyse proteins takes 24-72 hours to complete.