About 10 % of the adult women population in Sweden are treated annually for urinary tract infections. The increasing bacterial resistance towards antibiotics is classified by WHO (World Health Organization) and ECDC (European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control) as one of the greatest treats for human health in a global perspective. To find alternatives scientists are studying the possibility to use probiotics to reduce the frequency of recurring urinary tract infections. This literature study examines five randomized double blinded placebo controlled studies where different strains of Lactobacillus have been used as a prophylactic to women suffering from recurrent urinary tract infections and bacterial vaginosis. Overall the studies do not display enough promising results to recommend the use of probiotics as a prophylax or cure..

The purpose of this study is to conduce to the understanding of what challenges the HRdepartmentfaces in the work with the psychosocial work environment in nonprofit organizationsin Sweden. A particular focus in the study is on how the certain features of the nonprofit sectoraffect and tend to contribute to these challenges. In both Swedish and International research thereappears to be a lack of studies that deal with the psychosocial work environment in the nonprofitsector, which is one of the main reasons for this study. International research show, among otherthings, that employees in this sector have a higher degree of work satisfaction than in othersectors. Especially, they value the sense of making a contribution to the society, to get feedbackon their work performance as well as they expect a high level of co-determination.

Webbloggens aktualisering i medielandskapet har inspirerat oss till denna uppsats vilken behandlar detta nya fenomen. Främst riktas uppsatsens fokus mot att studera hur webbloggens potential kan användas som komplement till andra kanaler som används för nyhetsförmedling och debatt i det offentliga rummet. Vidare önskar vi finna svaret på om någon demokratisk funktion för webbloggen existerar? Kan webbloggen som kommunikationskanal bidra till att skapa en deliberativ demokrati genom att inbjuda till dialog i offentligheten. Kan den information som publiceras komplettera den traditionella nyhetsförmedlingen?Till grund ligger en kvalitativ studie som bygger på fältstudier på sex bloggande journalister och deras webbloggar.

The porpuse of this paper is to find out how three teachers working in years four to six in a Swedish school say they use formative assessment and how they use it in educational practice, and if there is a difference in the use of formative assessment between year four, five and six. Formative assessment is the kind of assessment that aims to enhance the student?s learning, as opposed to summative assessment wich is intended only to summarize student?s accomplishments. To answer the purpose, I conducted qualitative interviews with the teachers, and observations in each of the teachers? classrooms.

Eutrophication was recognized in the early 1900's and results in severe algal blooms, increased biomass production and eventually leads to an altered ecosystem. In Mälardalen we find the most eutrophic lakes. Most of the applied phosphorus and nitrogen into seas and oceans comes from agriculture, and the nutrients losses are affected by local weather conditions and soil type. Guidelines for storage and distribution of manure were introduced in the 80s, and the rules were strengthened January 1, 2010. Localities and previous county administrations can whether there are special reasons, grant an exemption for manure application during winter-periods despite the current ban.In this essay I have examined how many exemptions of manure application that has been granted at the Sagån river, and what implications it has for the eutrophication of Lake Mälaren.

The mental constructions of other places are based on impressions from everything that surrounds us in our everyday life, e.g. pictures, videos, texts and narratives. The tourism industry is especially influential when it comes to creating the image of before ?unknown places?. Furthermore, it has a tendency to embellish and idealize people and places located in what is commonly known as the Third World.

ABSTRACT Introduction: One of the great difficulties that the nurse anesthetist encounter in their profession is to assess and estimate sleep depth versus signs of pain in the anesthetized patient. Based on a pre-operative appointment and the perioperative monitoring, an assessment of the patient is made. The experience that the nurse anesthetist has can make it easier to understand what subtile signs of the patient depends on. Purpose: With this in mind, the purpose of the pilot study was to try to find out if there are specific signs of pain during anesthesia and if the professional experience played a role. As a subsidiary aim the authors examined whether there were factors in the patient that the nurse anesthetist takes into account in the identification of pain during anesthesia.

This rapport is result of a project. The purpose of which was to design a circuit that is used in a heat glove. The heat glove is the technical aid which provides heat inside a glove.It is specially suited for old people who have problems with cold hands because of decreased blood circulation.There already was an old circuit in the glove that gives a constant current which develops heat from battery to glove through a circuit. The temperature is between 32 and 34 degrees.The problem with the existing circuit was to regulate the temperature. There is only on/off switch and there is no way to adjust desirable value of the temperature.In order to solve the problem the old circuit was investigated.

In the year of 2001, China launched their new international marketing strategy Going Global. As an effect of this, the frequency of Chinese establishments in Sweden has increased heavily in the last ten years. One of the larger Chinese establishments in Sweden happened in 2003, by the telecom company Huawei. This essay illustrates the obstacles that a Chinese company faces when setting up their business on the Swedish market. Previous studies have focused on Swedish establishment abroad.

The purpose of this thesis is to highlight the work with line extensions by companies in the media industry. To obtain this purpose a case study was performed to learn about Norrbottens Media?s actions regarding their new launch of the magazine Extra. Information was gathered through an interview and media observations and was analyzed and compared to previous studies on the subject. Results of this case study show that the main reasons for the company?s line extension were new trends on the market and that the company had unexploited recourses to make use of.

Denna uppsats undersöker problemet med att få kvinnor blir delägare på advokatbyråer. Herzbergs tvåfaktorteori används för att undersöka om skillnader i personalmotivation mellan män och kvinnor är en bidragande faktor till detta problem. Efter genomförda intervjuer med ledningen och besvarade enkäter av anställda på advokatbyråer kan det konstateras att det finns avgörande skillnader i faktorer som motiverar män respektive kvinnor i arbetet. Hackmans och Oldhams implementeringsplan för arbetsberikning utgör grunden för de lösningsförslag som presenteras. Sammantaget innehåller lösningsförslagen utökat arbetande i team, tidigare klientkontakt, ökad transparens, tidigare ledarskapsutbildning, mer feedback samt alternativa karriärvägar..

I denna uppsats betraktas två olika bandspridningstekniker och vilken påverkan de har på telekrigsförmågan. Uppsatsen svarar på frågan:Vilka möjligheter finns att bedriva signalspaning och störning mot radiokommunikation som använder bandspridningsteknikerna frekvenshopp eller direktsekvens?Inledningsvis beskrivs en modell för telekrig mot radiokommunikation, ?telekrigcykeln?. Därefter beskrivs principer för ett radiosystem samt de två bandspridningsteknikerna frekvenshopp och direktsekvens. Slutligen analyseras bandspridningsteknikernas påverkan med hjälp av telekrigcykeln och resultaten diskuteras.Uppsatsen kommer fram till att båda signalerna går att spana mot, direktsekvens innebär större svårigheter för signalspaningen än frekvenshopp.

Socialt stöd i rollen som enhetschef inom Socialförvaltningen är intressant med anledning av att deras arbete är självständigt och ensamt. Enhetschefernas mellanposition i organisationen innebär att förväntningar finns från flera nivåer inom organisationen. Syftet med studien är att öka kunskapsbilden och förståelsen för enhetschefers sociala stöd. Jag är intresserad av vad de upplever att de får för socialt stöd i chefsrollen samt vilka stödpersoner de anser är viktigast. Syftet är också att ta reda på vilken betydelse socialt stöd har för enhetscheferna i deras roll som chef.

En av Glimek AB:s mest förekommande maskiner är SD-180 som används för degavvägning. Den finns i flera olika varianter. Den enklaste har enbart start- och stoppknapp och en potentiometer för att ställa hastigheten och en mer avancerad variant har en operatörspanel där olika möjligheter till inställningar finns.Konstruktionen på denna maskin hade inte uppdaterats på många år och behövde en uppdatering av användargränssnitt, programvara och elkonstruktion. Arbetet har framförallt koncentrerat sig på användargränssnittet till panelen.En del av arbetet var att undersöka om det var möjligt att utesluta PLC ur konstruktionen och använda en mer avancerad programmerbar frekvensomformare. Eftersom det blev problem med lanseringen av programvara till frekvensomformaren och enbart en mindre bra fungerande demoversion fanns tillgänglig så var detta tyvärr inte möjligt.I arbetet har olika varianter på operatörspaneler utretts.

Background: Palliative care is something that all people should have the right to be allowed to, to be able to enjoy the qualities of life, even when someone has been afflicted with illness that cannot be cured. How do the nurses in municipal home-care deal with and prepare themselves to perform a righteous task? Aim: The aim of this study is to illuminate nurses, comprehensions of palliative care within municipal home-care. Method: The method is a questionnaire to nurses. Results: The results did comply to law and regulations.