Due to better nutrition, veterinary and overall care, pet dogs? lifespan has increased. With more old dogs we see more health problems associated with age, among those cognitive decline, leading to deficits in learning and memory, disorientation, anxiety and other altered behaviors. Cognitive decline can have severe negative impacts on the life of both dog and owner, when the dog for example forgets being housetrained or starts being awake at night. Two pet food manufacturers have developed food with specific ingredients in order to improve cognitive functions or delay the onset of cognitive impairment. Hill?s Pet Nutrition has developed a dog food with supplements of a broad spectrum of antioxidants and mitochondrial nutrients, aiming to diminish oxidative damage in the brain, thereby maintaining brain function and improving learning ability.

The ability of a dog to perform some kind of practical work, for example hunting or herding, depends among other things on its behavioural characteristics. In animal breeding it is not always easy though to select for behavioural traits. It may, for example, be difficult to identify traits that are not only heritable but also of importance for the dogs' ability to perform the practical work of interest. Moreover, it is often difficult to accomplish accurate measurements of behavioural traits. When selecting dogs for breeding, it is usually preferable to evaluate them using an objective and standardized bahavioural test, rather than results from field trials.

Various problems with nail disorders have been noticed in the Swedish population of Giant Schnauzer, but the frequencies of these problems are unknown. This could be due to the fact that bad nail quality has several differential diagnoses and lack of diagnostic criteria and diagnostic codes for nail disorders. The main purpose of this study is to review different types of claw defects and diseases of the nail bed in dogs, and to classify and evaluate the proportions in the Swedish Giant Schnauzer population. The nail is a specialized part of the skin. The quick will strengthen and protect the third phalang against the surrounding.

Bull terrier hereditary nephritis is caused by a mutation that leads to an inadequate synthesis of collagen type IV, which is an important component in the basement membranes. The inheritance of the mutation is autosomal dominant in bull terriers and progression to renal failure takes variable time, from several months to ten years. Proteinuria is the first clinical sign of the disease and the diagnosis is confirmed by transmission electron microscopy of renal tissue where typical ultrastructural changes in the glomerular basement membrane (GBM), thickening and multilaminar splitting are found. This study was performed in order to find out the occurrence of hereditary nephritis in bull terriers in Sweden through examination of urine samples and renal tissue and comparisons with how the disease is described in the literature. Urine samples from 76 Swedish bull terriers were collected and examined for proteinuria.

Denna kandidatuppsats avhandlar tre stycken analyser av tre stycken filmscener frånfilmerna A Clockwork Orange, Reservoir Dogs och Watchmen, tre stycken exempel påscener där så kallad anempathetic music används. Denna form av musik kan beskrivassom att den distanserar sig från vad som händer i den rörliga bilden genom att förmedladen motsatta känslan, till exempel om musiken är glad och lättsam medan en våldtäktsker i bild. Denna uppsats analyserar i dessa tre analysexempel vad sådan filmmusikkan bidra med för berättarfunktioner och meningspotential i filmexemplens narrativ.Resultaten från analysen visade på att musiken i de tre valda analysexemplen bidrar tillökad reflektion hos publiken och hur detta möjliggör för att anempathetic music kan sessom empathetic mot publiken och deras tolkning av filmscenernas narrativ..

Since the first wolf was taken as a companion animal a lot have happened with the biology of these animals. Is it possible that changes in the gut microbiota of the domestic dog are involved in the increasing numbers of animals with gastrointestinal disorders? Probiotics have been proven to promote the immune system of dogs by increasing concentrations of neutrophils and monocytes, decreasing the fragility of erythrocytes and increasing the serum IgG concentrations. Probiotics have also been shown to improve the fecal consistency, fecal dry matter and defecation frequency of dogs. The aim of this study was to find out if the bacterial counts in the gut of dogs differed from the gut of wolves, with the focus on lactobacilli.

SammanfattningI arbetet beskrivs olika beteenden och fysiologiska förändringar som kan indikera smärta hos hund. Det finns också en kort beskrivning av tre smärtbedömningskalor: Visuell analog skala (VAS) Glasgow Composite Pain Scale Short Form (GCPS) och University of Melbourne Pain Scale (MPS). Dessa skalor har utvecklats som verktyg för att gradera smärta. VAS har tagits fram för humanvården och de andra är utvecklade för bedömning av postoperativ smärta hos hund. Arbetet innehåller också en mindre studie, där skalorna jämförs mot varandra.

Diabetes Mellitus is one of the most common endocrinologic disorders among dogs. The disorder has a complex background, and successful treatment requires a well-functioning co-operation between pet owners and the veterinarian. The purpose of this study is to investigate the owners? perspective of diabetic treatments offered, and to estimate expected length of survival post-insulin therapy. The research findings are based on a survey mailed to 77 pet owners, whose dogs were diagnosed with diabetes between 1999 and 2003 at the small animal clinic of the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences. The median survival for the dogs that underwent insulin treatment was 31 months, i.e.

Denna studie har genomförts för att undersöka hur Meat Free Mondays kampanj för att minska människors köttkonsumtion representerar och presenterar relevanta frågor om miljö och hälsa i delar av deras externa kommunikation.Syftet har varit att se hur miljö- och hälsofrågorna presenteras och representeras i Meat Free Mondays digitala kommunikation via videoklipp och delar av hemsidan. Vi har diskuterat vilka motiveringar som finns för att helt eller delvis sluta äta kött och utgått från tidigare forskning och teori i miljö- och hälsokommunikation. Vidare har vi utgått utifrån begrepp som kommunikationskampanjer och social marketing, och utifrån ett teoretiskt ramverk över miljö- och hälsoutfall undersökt vilka motiv och retoriska resurser som används i kommunikationen. Det har även diskuterats vilken roll och verkan Paul McCartney har som ambassadör för kampanjen.Studiens metodologiska ram har baserats på Karlberg & Mrals neoaristoteliska retorikanalys av både text och bild, och huvudsakligen de tre appellerna ethos, logos, och pathos. Materialet innefattar fyra videoklipp från Meat Free Mondays YouTube-kanal där Paul McCartney framför tal, samt delar av Meat Free Mondays hemsida, med innehåll som berör aspekterna hälsa och miljö.Studien visar att innehållet av Meat Free Mondays kommunikation kombinerar olika strategier för att stärka kampanjens teser. Budskapet förmedlas genom att anspela mycket på människors ekologiska drift och gemensamma värderingar, och användandet av den retoriska appellen pathos framträder tydligt i materialet.

This thesis studies two instruments within EC-law, affecting asylum issues, the Schengen Convention and the Dublin Regulation. These instruments are developed as a result of the free movement of persons in the European Union, and the development of the free internal market. The member states are afraid of losing control of who is residing within their borders, as their border controls has been removed, and these instruments are made to protect the member states now that their own means of control are gone. The thesis explains the relationship between the free movement and asylum issues and shows the connection between them. Its focus is aimed at the free movement of workers and how the European court of justice has interpreted article 39 to increase the workers ability to move within the union.

According to Swedish tax legislation, investment funds are taxed differently depending on if the are Swedish or foreign. The difference between the investment funds lies within the taxation of received dividends and the opportunity to shift the liability of tax of received dividends on to the funds shareholders. This measure is only available to Swedish funds. The question in this thesis is whether this difference is discriminatory against foreign investors and therefore constitutes a forbidden restriction against the free movement of capital stated in article 63 EUF Treaty.The European Court of Justice (ECJ) has given several preliminary rulings on this type of legislation and its compatibility with the principle of free movement of capital. It is not compatible with the free movement according to the court.

When exposed to them, isocyanates can induce serious injuries in the respiratory tract and irritation on the skin and in the eyes. They are therefore interesting from the point of view of occupational health. The purpose of this thesis was to collect isocyanates in air with impinger-filter samplers and solvent free samplers. Furthermore the isocyanates were to be analyzed with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The solvent free sampler consists of a polypropylene tube and filter holder fitted with glass fiber filters impregnated with derivatization reagent, coupled with a pump.

The relationship between free trade and the environment is often considered conflicting and the debates surrounding it are infected. My thesis deal with this conflict and how environmental concerns are integrated in three regional free trade agreements, North American Free Trade Agreement, The common market of the southern cone (MERCOSUR) and Southern African Development Community (SADC). I point out how the organizations differ from each other in this respect and I present a possible explanation to why they differ. The explanation is founded on the theory of the environmental Kuznets curve and that environmental concerns will depend on which level of development the member states in the organizations have. To judge and rank the organizations I have composed a model based on a pre-existing description of the trade and environment conflict.

The aim of this paper is to map and analyze what role Swede's played in King Leopold II's colony in the former Congo Free State. Letters and messages that arrived at the Congo Consulate in Sweden between 1895 and 1906 have been used as the paper's primary sources. Application letters from 32 different Swedes, seeking to join the Congo Free State Army, to the General Consul of the Congo Consulate, Hans Hugold von Schwerin, have been used as primary sources, and constitute the basis of the paper's analysis. The letters arrived at the Congo Consulate in Sweden between 1895 and 1906. The applicants were all men of different social classes, and were between the ages of 20 and 30 years old. Their chief reasons for applying were primarily for own financial gain or because they did not get a chance to serve in the Swedish army.

The Clinical Pathology Laboratory at SLU in Uppsala has analysed several blood samples from Dachshunds with severe anemia. As there are no previous studies on this topic, a study was performed to evaluate if Dachshunds are more prone to severe anemia compared with other breeds. In addition, a retrospective case study on Dachshunds with severe anemia was done to search for common risk factors or diseases. Hemoglobin values in samples from 1272 Dachshunds and 2269 German Shepherds analyzed from September 1994 to October 2007 were used to compare the frequency of severe anemia in Dachshund and German shepherd. The samples were identified by laboratory information system.