Today, about 15 to 20 percent of Sweden?s total emission of carbon dioxide can be traced to the household sector. By examining apartment blocks in a life cycle perspective, the origin of the carbon dioxide emission has been charted and analyzed. This information has been used to create a computational model that calculates the total emission of carbon dioxide from a specific apartment block. The results from the analyzed apartment blocks indicate that both the use of energy and the emission of carbon dioxide have been reduced since the 1960s. Through the examination of building materials, it is possible to lower the emission of carbon dioxide that origins from the construction phase of an apartment block.

This is an essay about the political development of Iraq after the overthrow of the Baath regime by the coalition forces in 2003. Almost seven years later, the political scene is still characterised by chaos, even though the country entered a new phase with the adoption of democratic thinking and a new openness to the world. The unstable political situation is a product of inter-ethnic conflict and the interference by neighbouring countries. Iraq is up against two formidable tasks ? building democracy and building a nation.

The number of HIV- positive is increasing all over the world and it's very likely to meet these patients as a nurse. The interaction between the nurse and the patient is characterized by experience and knowledge and at the same time the nurse is expected to act professionally. The purpose of this literature review is to investigate the nurse's complex of problems regarding the treatment of the HIV- positive patient by exploring the attitudes against HIV among nurses and how the nurse can maintain the integrity of the HIV- positive patient. Antonovsky's salutoqenic model, sense of coherence, has been used as theoretical frame. From 14 articles five topics have been found that influence the nurse's attitudes against HIV-positive patients.

The aim of this Master?s thesis is to research how the Göteborg City Museum places their organization in a context of culture policies andmuseology.The discursive analysis constitutes the methodical frame for this thesis. According to the analysis of this thesis, since an increasing influence of a market-­oriented discourse, an antagonism between a sociological pathos and a market-­oriented instrumentality seems to be the major theoretical clash at the museum. Inside the organization though, the personnel lacks broader insights concerning these theoretical conflicts, but the stressed economic situation creates no room for further theorization. There is a risk to get caught in a market-oriented discourse where there is no time to reflect on the effects of the discourse because of the lack of time that the discourse itself generates.

In June 2006 the Swedish government decided that the use of energy in buildings should be reduced by 20 percent until 2020, compared to the level of energy used in 1995. To contribute to this goal, the real estate company ?Eskilstuna Kommunfastigheter AB?, set up own goals for their buildings. In 2009, the goal for schools was to have a maximum energy use of 118 kWh/m2year for heating and hot water.The school ?Hållsta skola?, just south of Eskilstuna, exceeds the limit since it used 270 kWh in 2008.

The public interest in central living in today?s cities has led to an increasing effect of traffic noise pollution, and today 20% of the inhabitants in Sweden suffer from noise a level that exceeds the limits. At the same time the traffic keeps increasing, and recent researches shows that traffic noise pollution and several of today?s most common health issues are connected, for example, reduction of performance, sleeping issues and cardiovascular diseases. For this cause rules, guidelines and environmental goals has been developed, as well as software?s which calculates the levels of pollution, all this to investigate and improve the environment.

This Master of Science thesis was a part of Pharmadule Emtungas project to construct a mobile automated cell for welding of carbon steel pipe (Heating, Ventilation and Sanitation). Pharmadule Emtunga is using a modular building concept for building pharmaceutical factories. The modules contain these pipes. The goal of the thesis was to present concepts for technical solutions regarding welding methods and fixtures for the cell. Conceptual models for the cell were made with aid of CAD software.

Concept - detail - buildingStockholm International Fairs, new main entrance I studied at the KTH School of Architecture from 1995 to 2000. After completing my studies I wanted to work in an office that had a structural way of thinking and that knew the building process; I therefore chose to work for Rosenberg Architects. I have worked on a number of projects, among them several for the Stockholm International Fairs, from the Rica Talk Hotel and Hall AE, to the new main entrance.In the projects we undertook at the School of Architecture we had to identify and draw details that were central to our concepts. I have here identified some key details that we considered to be essential for the concept in a built project; the new main entrance of the Stockholm International Fairs completed in 2013. The entrance has complex logistics with multiple intersecting flows: exhibitors, employees, journalists, VIPs and others.

The purpose of this master thesis is to, with the strategies of the organization and the preferences of the co-workers in mind, explore how reward systems can be designed in heterogeneous organizations. This is done by interviewing store managers and sales personnel in a heterogeneous organization. The frame of reference deals with theoretical approaches on reward systems and is divided in the following sections, individual or group based, differentiated or not differentiated rewards systems and goals, measurements and rewards. These sections are highlighted from the following aspects, equity, implementation possibilities and finally environment. The theoretical discussion ends in the conclusion that heterogeneous organizations should have several different reward systems, but not if a restructuring process is in progress or the system becomes too costly.

Archaeological findings show that ski manufacturing goes back thousands of years in the Nordic region. There is a wealth of literature and film that deals with the subject, but it can be difficult to get an overall picture of how a specific type of traditional ski has been made. The starting point is the documentary "Skidmakaren i Gielas", where the viewer can follow Alfred Israelsson as he makes a pair of skis out of birch wood. However, the documentary lacks important information about how the skis are actually manufactured. Length, width and certain working steps are disclosed.

Physical exercise is a trend that continues to grow, especially at the gym, but there are still members that do not use their training card in full. The overall aim of this study was therefore to investigate infrequent member?s experience of their training card. To answer this, focus was on motives to card purchase and perceived opportunities and difficulties of using the training card. The data was collected at IKSU trough a group interview with four managers within the organization, a questionnaire replied by 39 infrequent members and of those 11 individual interviews.

Program- och projekterings anatomi? en studie av byggprogrammets program- och projekteringsskedeStudien belyser och lyfter upp byggnadsprocessens, idag kanske viktigaste fråga, nämligen industrialiseringen av byggprocessen och de möjligheter som följer med det nya sättet att föra en byggprocess. Studien omfattar program- och projekteringsskedet och dess syfte är med andra ord ett försök att skapa en mer förädlad byggprocess, att kunna identifiera olika störningsmoment under dessa två skeden, samt att minimera och om möjligt eliminera störningsmomenten i dessa med hjälp av fungerande informationsteknik.I samarbete med Peab i Helsingborg har vi gjort en enkätundersökning på två referensobjekt, Polishuset samt Tingshuset, utifrån vilken vi tagit reda på vilken ställning de olika aktörerna har gentemot byggprocessen och varandra, samt var, varför och vilka störningsmoment som uppstod i byggprocessen.Resultatet visade närmast likadana faktorer hos de olika aktörerna och exempel på detta är att:? hälften av aktörerna önskar bli inkopplade i ett tidigare skede av processen? det uppstod störningsmoment mellan de olika aktörerna? störningsmomenten orsakades oftast av dålig planering och tidsbrist? utveckling/förbättring borde göras inom kommunikationen mellan parterna och inom informationsteknologinVidare beskriver studien utformningen av standardiserade byggsystem och tekniskt plattformstänkande samt montagebyggande med högförädlade komponenter, där vi kom fram att Peab har långsiktiga planer och att företaget inom en kort framtid kommer att vara ledande inom området.Studien sammanfattar slutligen de faktorer som tros behövas för att en industriell byggprocess skall lyckas i framtiden..

Höggeröd på nordöstra Orust är ett vackert fritidsområde med en tidstypisk karaktär från sextiotalet som är värd att bevara. Ett problem som uppstått på senare år är att husägarna vill flytta in permanent i sina fritidsstugor och bygga ut dessa till större och mer funktionella villor, men detta godkänner inte detaljplanen. Samtidigt finns en önskan om att kunna lösa detta ändå och göra alla delaktiga parter nöjda. Syftet med rapporten är att uppmana till en fördjupad diskussion om Höggeröds fritidshusområde och frågan om hur dessa skall utvecklas och samtidigt bevaras. Frågan om vilka krav och lagar som gäller kring ombyggnationer har även besvarats för att kunna göra ett så bra underlag som möjligt.För att kunna bevara detta kulturarv så kommer ett underlag till en bevarandeplan att tas fram med hjälp av den här rapporten.

Companies spend huge amounts on communicating their brand through marketing. Many of these contact areas where the consumer comes in contact with the brand is con-trolled by the company. The brand image is also affected from outside the company. It can be from users, media, blogs etc.Burberry is an example of a company that got in trouble with their brand image after hooligans where associated with their products. If a company with a brand with a strong image is associated whith consumers that are not compatible with the target group the company wants, there is a risk of a negative affect on the brand image.Our purpose is to investigate and describe the phenomenom when a company brandimage is affected by being associated whith consumers not compatable whith, by the company, intended target group.We have chosen a qualitative research where we use a multiple case study.

This is a case study of the planning and building of a new IT education facility when thedepartment of Media Technologymoved its operation to Flemingsberg and the main campus, due tothe termination of Campus Haninge at Södertörn University, Stockholm, Sweden. The study isbased on a case study an on administrative material from the process such as emailscorrespondences, policy documents, contact reports etc. The material is analysed using qualitativecontent analysis and the different observations done are distilled into four recommendations,aimed at being able to contribute to a improved process in similar future situations, whereverneeded..