Bakgrund: Ett barns sjukhusvistelse är traumatiskt och förenat med lidande hos såväl barn som föräldrar. En sjuksköterska behöver ha en grundläggande förståelse för föräldrarnas och barnets situation, då bristande kunskap kan ge upphov till vårdlidande. Syfte: Att beskriva hur sjuksköterskor kan tillgodose barn och föräldrars behov för att förhindra vårdlidande under barnets sjukhusvistelse. Metod: En litteraturbaserad studie baserad på tio kvalitativa artiklar med en kvalitativ analys för att skapa en ny helhet. Resultat: Resultatet presenteras under två domäner: Barns behov och Föräldrars behov. Barns behov är indelat i följande kategorier: Kontroll över sitt liv, Trygghet samt Välbefinnande. Föräldrarnas behov är indelade i kategorierna Medverkan, Förtroende för vårdpersonalen samt Stöd. Varje kategori omfattar två underkategorier. Slutsats: Ett barns sjukhusvistelse skapar behov hos både barn och föräldrar.

The question how teaching should be organized in order to give the students the help and support they need to reach their goals is always of vital interest. All students are unique individuals with different prerequisities, possibilities and needs. Streaming in mathematics could be one solution.The first week at upper secondary school a diagnostic test is carried through. Thereafter, the result is used as a basis for dividing the classes into different teaching groups. Thus, the groups working with mathematics become more homogeneous and the students? previous knowledge is approximately at the same level.

Communicative recycling, to repeat utterances uttered by oneself or others, is a common phenomenon in all societies and languages. The talk of persons with autism often features recycling. The aim of this study was to identify different forms of recycling in communication involving a boy with autism and to describe its functions. Communication between the boy with autism, who used Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) to communicate, and his parents and teachers was videotaped. The conversations took place in familiar settings, in the boy?s home and at his pre-school.

I Sverige drabbades 1999 över 45.000 människor av cancer. Många av de insjuknade hade barn och ungdomar i skolåldern. Barn och ungdomar är de som får leva längst med sina trauman och eventuell förlust av förälder. Syftet med denna litteraturstudie var att få kännedom om och belysa barns upplevelser av att ha en förälder med cancersjukdom; deras tankar om förälderns cancer, hur de påverkas av förälderns cancersjukdom samt vad hälso- och sjukvårdspersonal kan göra för att hjälpa dem hantera situationen på bästa sätt. En analys av tio artiklar genomfördes.

Studien bygger på en sammanställning av tidigare insamlad och ej bearbetad data. Syftet med studien var att jämföra om det fanns några skillnader kring känslor hos mödrar och fäder till barn med Downs syndrom (DS). 80 mödrar respektive 79 fäder deltog i studien. De fick svara på en enkät gällande känslor under en tidsperiod på tre månader tillbaka. Barnens medelålder var 4,7 år då föräldrarna besvarade enkäten.

 The aim of this study was to examine how social workers perceive and interpret the term ?barnets bästa? (?The best for the child?), within the framework of investigatory work and enforcement of Swedish law, which is carried out by the Social Services. We wanted to investigate if the interpretation of the term had any causal effects on the work carried out by social workers. Seven social workers from two municipalities participated in this study in which we used qualitative semi-structured interviews based around two vignettes. We focused on age, experience, legislation, and external circumstances to gain insight into how these factors alter social workers? perception of the term ?barnets bästa?. Our theoretical approach was based on two theories on social constructivism.

Håkansson, Katarina (2011). Hur skildrar barn i förskoleklass och deras föräldrar den skriftspråkliga utvecklingen; How children and their parents in a preschool class depict the development of written language; Med fokus på ett tidsperspektiv som sträcker sig från förskola till tiden i förskoleklass. Skolutveckling och ledarskap, Specialpedagogik, Lärarutbildningen, Malmö högskola. Mitt syfte med denna undersökning är att beskriva hur elever som går i förskoleklass och deras föräldrar och pedagoger skildrar den skriftspråkliga utvecklingen. Likaså vill jag undersöka om föräldrarnas egna läsvanor hänger samman med barnets läsintresse och behållning av olika läsupplevelser. Undersökningen är kvalitativ med inramning av ett sociokulturellt perspektiv och empirin grundar sig på tretton halvstrukturerade intervjuer.

We chose to study the groups for divorced children in Vellinge municipal because there was no evaluation made of these kinds of groups with the involved methods.Vellinge municipal has had groups for children to divorced parents since 2000. During this period of time the total numbers of children in these groups have expanded. As of now, there are two groups.Our goal with this study was to see which way the CAP, Children Are People, manual has been implemented in the every-day work in the group. Several studies have been made about CAP but not in the context of groups for divorced children. We have also examined results in other municipals that have implemented groups for divorced children into their social services.We have interviewed ten children and four social workers.

The question of direct citizen participation in politics and administration is a contestable one. Its proponents claim that it has positive consequences even for the more "traditional", representative democracy, since participation leads to an increased political knowledge and increased political interest, and thus creates a revitalised democracy. Critical voices have however been raised to the validity of this claim. Critics have also pointed out direct participation as problematic, because it leads to problems of political inequality: a difference of political influence between ? on the one hand, the citizens participating directly and those that restrict their political participation to voting, and ? on the one the other hand ? between the institutions, for example schools, that employ, and don?t employ this method of direct citizen influence.In this essay, these two points of criticisms are tested in the context of user-boards in elementary and secondary schools.

This essay covers the subject of children with language disorders. We are two educators writing an experience-based essay on our preschool experiences and the literature with the subject of speaking disorders and verbal development. The main focus of this essay is how educators can recognize and stimulate children with language disorder. The starting point in the essay is two experience-based events from preschool which tells of two different boys, aged three and four. Both boys have some kind of verbal disorder and one of them also has Down´s syndrome.

AbstractEvidence based research has shown that organized parent support programmes have a goodeffect in strengthening the role of the parent and preventing problems during growth. Thisin turn has a great significance for Public Health.Komet is one of the evidence based programmes used in Sweden, based on Americanprogrammes and adapted to Swedish conditions.This qualitative study consists of interviews with six children between six and nine yearswith behaviour problems, whose parents have taken part in the Komet programme.With Grounded Theory as research approach the children?s experiences of the programmeand relations within the family have been looked into and analysed.The result of this study suggests that a space for growth of their own is a common need ofthe children, and that this can be achieved by giving them the opportunity to function in afamily environment where they are seen and understood.The Komet programme contributed to this by giving the family tools to strengthen relationswithin the family, create calm and make the children more visible.The self image of the children in this study had improved which gave them more room togrow in a strengthened family situation. This in turn improved conditions for good feelings,and sense of well being, of importance for child development and health..

Information and communication technologies (ICT) are constantly evolving in today's information society. The school uses ICT as a teaching tool and it begins to be included at the leisure-time in school by the educators.Aim of this study is to examine how educators describe their perceptions and experiences of using ICT in the leisure activities. The questions is about how the educators use ICT, what they believe children learn of ICT, and which advantages and disadvantages they see with ICT at leisure-time in school.Through a qualitative approach, I have had my questions answered by six trained educators, five of whom are recreational educators and one who is a preschool teacher. These have individually answered my interview questions as an interview took place over a phone call, while the others answered the same questions by e-mail. The interview questions were open-ended questions that were formulated so the educators could respond so freely and fulfilling as possible.The survey shows that teachers use ICT in multimodal approach at leisure-time in school, both in informing parents and in activities with the children.

This essay investigates the pupils, in Swedish upper secondary school in the greater Stockholm area, who choose to study the Russian language as a foreign language. The essay asks; who are these students, and what is motivation behind their language choice? In order to answer these two questions the essay uses both interviews and paper survey. The theoretical background ofth is essay is based on the works and theories of French sociologist Pierre Bourdieu, and thus the question; who are these students is aimed at the students' social and economical background in lines with Bourdieu's theories. The essay also uses the earlier study of Swedish sociologist Mikael Palme, in which he maps the different schools and programs in the greater Stockholm area, in a socio-economical context based on habitus.

Syftet med denna litteraturstudie var att beskriva de copingstrategier som föräldrar och syskon till barn med cancer använde för att hantera problem under vårdtiden, samt att beskriva vilka faktorer som påverkade dessa copingstrategier. Litteratursökningen utfördes via databasen Elin@Dalarna och sökorden som användes var childhood cancer, paediatric cancer, cancer, parents, siblings, coping, och coping strategies. Inklusions-kriterierna var att artiklarna skulle vara publicerade 1999 eller senare, skrivna på engelska och finnas i fulltext på databasen. Sökningen resulterade i 20 artiklar som ansågs vara relevanta för arbetets syfte. En granskning av artiklarna gjordes och betygen G, VG, MVG och IG delades ut.

Alla har i varierad utsträckning egna erfarenheter av skolan, det medför att tankar och synsätt om den skiftar beroende på vem som tillfrågas. Lyhördhet, kommunikation och engagemang är grundläggande förutsättningar för samarbetet mellan hem och skola som i sin tur har stor betydelse för barnets skolgång. Skolan har under lång tid präglats av olika maktförhållanden som bidrog till att pedagogens auktoritet var given. Idag betonas vikten av att skolan och vårdnadshavare gemensamt är ansvariga för elevens skolgång, därmed blir det pedagogens personliga egenskaper som bygger auktoritet. Syftet med studien var att undersöka hur föräldrar till barn i årskurs 1-3 resonerar kring samarbetet mellan hemmet och skolan.