The aim of this study is to through six interviews, with six experienced, social workers?, in three cities, understand how the child?s position in the Swedish child protective services? enquiries has change, and the factors behind it. The aim is also to compare if the social workers? view of the child?s position in the enquire has change accordingly to Socialstyrelsens intentions of BBIC. The theoretical approaches that was used is the new institutionalism, the Shier?s pathways to participation and the term discretion.

Riskvärdering har under 90-talet blivit ett allt mer medvetet begrepp. Ett populärt instrument vid riskvärdering är Value at Risk då denna modell skapar ett gemensamt riskmått för olika typer av portföljer och derivat. VaR mäter den maximala värdeförändringen för en portfölj där sannolikheten och tidshorisonten är förutbestämd. I uppsatsen har en konfidensnivå på 95 procent antagits vilket medför att de verkliga förlusterna ska överstiga VaR en gång av tjugo.Icke-linjära instrument, såsom optioner, är svåra att riskvärdera då dess pris förändras oproportionerligt gentemot dess underliggande. För att beräkna VaR kan flertalet modeller appliceras och dessa har olika egenskaper.Det är därför av intresse att ta reda på om Delta-Normal metoden, Monte Carlo simulering och Historisk simulering ger samma svar vid riskvärdering av optioner.

Obesity is one of the biggest threats to child- and adolescent health. The amount of obese children is today increasing more in Sweden than in the US. This may in a couple of years have bad consequences for the Swedish children?s quality of life. When a child suffers from obesity it is a big stress on the body and can lead to serious consequences in adulthood.

On Nasdaq OMX Nordic Stockholm there has been a large increase in issues of preferred stocks since the financial crisis 2008. Aiming to explain whether preferred stocks have most of their characteristics relating to debt or equity, we answer four sub questions. Do all preferred stocks share the same features, or do they differ from each other? Our population is similar in characteristics, except for the preferred stock of Swedbank which is convertible and deviates when it comes to participation in dividends - instead of convertible the others are limited and redeemable. Further, the second sub question treats preferred stock in relation to the common stock quantitatively, in market data.

En sammanfattning av uppsatsen på maximalt 8000 tecken..

Inledning:BaselkommitténharsinarötteridenfinansiellaoronsomuppstodnärBrettonWoods-­?systemetkollapsade1973ochiochmedskuldkriseniLatinamerikaibörjanpå80-­?taletbörjadearbetetmedBasel-­?regelverkenvilketocksåresulteradeibegreppetoperativrisk.Operativriskharfunnitssålängesomenmänniskaellersystemvaritansvarigförettekonomisktsystemmenharpåsenaretidfåttenalltviktigareroll.Syfte:SyftetmeddennastudieärattundersökaomrapporteringenavoperativariskerförfinansbolagmedinvesteringsverksamhetharförändratssedanBaselIIinfördes.VivillocksåundersökaomdetkanfinnasettsambandmellanrapporteringavoperativariskerochbolagenssoliditetMetod:Förattsehurrapporteringenavoperativriskförändratsövertidharvianväntossavenpanelstudie.Förattundersökaomdetärskillnadihur?Små-­?bolag?och?Stora-­?bolag?rapporteraroperativriskharviutförtettt-­?testochförattseomdetkanfinnasettsambandmellanbolagensrapporteringavoperativriskochderassoliditetharvianväntossutavenregressionsmodell.Slutsats:Idenstudiesomutförtshardetintegåttattkonstateraettsignifikantsambandmellanrapporteringenavoperativriskochbolagetssoliditet.Vihardäremotmedstudienkunnatvisaattrapporteringenavoperativariskerharökatsignifikantidenkonstrueradegruppen?Små-­?bolag?sedanBaselIIimplementerades2008..

Introduction: Malnutrition leads to loss of health and coexists with disease and loss of function. A good nutritional status becomes more important the older you get to maintain a good health. Studies show that it is important to identify and prevent malnutrition in its early stages. Men and women recieve different medical treatment in a number of different medical diseases. There are few studies in nursing from av gender perspective.Aim: The aim of this study is to examine the prevalence of malnutrition in the elderly in Västra Götaland with focus on gender differences when it comes to prevalence and nursing interventionsMethod: A register study with av quantitative approach is conducted to answer the aim.

Canine parvovirus is associated with two disorders: enteritis, which is common, and myocarditis, which is rare. Prominent clinical signs of parvovirus enteritis are vomiting, diarrhea and rapid dehydration. Canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) is very contagious. When CPV-2 first emerged it had high rates of mortality, but later studies have shown that most infections are self-limiting and do not require veterinary care. Mortality rates vary greatly, and therefore it is important to determine risk factors for developing severe canine parvovirus enteritis.

Trycksår är en vanlig komplikation hos patienter som drabbats av höftfraktur. Syftet med denna systematiska litteraturstudie var att finna betydelsefulla riskfaktorer för trycksår hos patienter med höftfraktur för att sjuksköterskan omgående ska kunna identifiera en patient med hög risk. Metoden som använts för denna litteraturstudie var en modell med sju steg för ett systematiskt tillvägagångssätt. Litteratursökningen utfördes i databaserna PubMed, CINAHL och The Cochrane Library. Kvalitetsgranskning av studier utfördes med ett protokoll av Willman m fl (2006) modifierat av författarna.

Background                      European football has during the past decades seen a fast development towards a more professionalized and commercialized climate. This had led to the fact that a lot of clubs are run like any other company, and the focus on marketing and market shares has increased. To be able to create a strong brand clubs have to put a lot of work into marketing, not only of their own brand, but of their sponsors and partners as well.Purpose                              The purpose of this study is to (in step 1) analyze how two smaller Swedish football clubs build their brand and work with their marketing communication. In step 2, the purpose is to create a model of how these clubs may work to develop their brand and marketing communication.Method                              With a qualitative approach, the authors of this paper have analyzed text and documents as well as performed two in-depth interviews.Findings                             Both clubs lack a well-developed strategy regarding their work with their brand and marketing communication. However, there are in both cases factors that, if developed correctly, could help build a stronger brand and better the marketing communication.

Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka hur väl svenska börsbolag redovisar risker för att sedan utreda ifall det råder något samband mellan vilka företag som har bra respektive sämre redovisning av risker. Uppsatsen bygger på en innehållsanalys av årsredovisningarna från de 31 mest omsatta företagen på Stockholmsbörsen. Ett undersökningsformulär har utformats för att med ett kvantitativt angreppssätt studera omfattningen på företagens riskredovisning. I studien görs en genomgång av de viktigaste risker som företag utsätts för. Vidare baseras studien på teorier om hur vetenskaplig fakta uppstår.

This Masters thesis work describes a comparison between two different methods for estimation of the down channel (base station to mobile subscriber) in Wide-band Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA). The first estimation method, Optimal Feed-forward Channel Estimation (OFCE), is a conventional method that bases the estimates on data that is known to both sender and receiver, so called pilots. The second method, Decision Directed Channel Estimation (DDCE), is an elaboration of OFCE. It also uses user data for estimation. Simulations show that DDCE, in comparison to OFCE, does not attain an improvement in signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) for high bit error rates (BER). An improvement is only seen when the BER becomes much lower than what is common in real situations. In conclusion DDCE is complicated, involves many mathematical operations and gives insignificant improvement of SNR when BER takes common values. It is legitimate to question if it is possible to use the method in a real mobile phone system..

An increasing number of chemicals are being transported by ships along the Swedish coastline. Many of these chemicals may pose a threat to the environment. Accidents and spills are luckily rare, but nonetheless it is important to be prepared for a possible chemical spill. The Swedish Coast Guard is responsible for responding to chemical spills at sea, and has both equipment and trained personnel for the purpose. In order to prepare for a possible accident one also needs to know what is currently being transported at sea.

This paper examines the power producing dams along the Ume-river as an integral part of and a result from the urbanization process in Sweden during industrial capitalism. The aim of the paper is to contribute to the knowledge of the urbanization process in Sweden in general and of its traces along the Ume river in the county of Västerbotten in particular. The paper applies the theory of concentrated urbanization and extended urbanization put forward by Neil Brenner and Christian Schmid (2015) and argues that the building of power producing dams along the Ume-river is part of an extended urbanization process. This becomes particularly evident when examining the vast physical structures that is the dams, situated in an otherwise remote and sparsely populated area. These vast physical structures are also very well connected to a nation wide electric grid that has connections to bordering countries as well.

This is a paper about the effects from smoldering fire on lithic objects from an archaeological view. The introduction gives the background to this paper, a short orientation to forest wildfires and why the work is limited to: flint, quartz, quartzite and slate. Material and methods describes the stone materials and the setup that was used in the temperature logged tests with three replications for each type of material. The fuel in the burnings was peat on a bottom of sand. Flint showed a more drastic effect from heat compared with the other materials. Slate seems to have greater tendencies to change to darker colour and luster at lower temperatures than the other materials.