The spruce bark beetle (Ips typographhus) is one of the 25 000 species of insects in Sweden, an insect of great economic importance because it can alone terminate forest of high value. During the past decade, insights of climate change received with increasing attention. If the future brings a milder climate in the north and therefore a longer growing season, one would think that it would only affect the forestry to the better? Yet in recent time, outbreaks after storm felling seems to occur more frequently. The Spruce bark beetle ruins millions of cubic meter of Norway spruce (Picea abies) in Sweden alone, with more frequent storm felling and a larger amount of wind thrown threes in the forests there will also be room for an advancing reproduction.

Through a quantitative examination, 26 pedagogies in the pre-school activity answered a few questions in an enquiry about outdoor education. The purpose with this examination was to find out what pedagogies think and apprehend about outdoor education, and also if the "education plan" is in their minds during outdoor activities and if they see them self´s as competent in nature studies. They have also answered questions whether they think that they have good outdoor environment that stimulates children´s development and learning and if there´s any forest that they visit on regular basis.The pedagogies think that during time spent outdoor, it´s the motor skills that are best developed. All of the pedagogies mentioned above think that they need to get more educated in nature studies and also that pedagogies attitude towards time spent outdoors affect the children. They do not think about the goals and intentions of the "educations plan" all the time.

BackgroundToday a common approach to solve a complicated problem is to assemble a temporary workforce in order to solve the problem by working together within a project. One of the difficulties with working in projects is to maintain the planned budget. Working hours and costs are often exceeded. Many companies presume that any certain project will succeed, a presumption that leads companies not to anticipate risks involved in a project. In companies today there is seldom time for evaluation or moderation of a project, in order to have time for evaluation there is a great need for an adequate planning of the project.IntentThe intention with this study is to create a model for planning, budgeting and evaluation of projects within consultancy companies.MethodWith the help of interviews and discussions within the group Hamnar och Byggkonstruktioner at Sweco has evidence to present a proposal on planning, budgeting and monitoring been developed.ResultsA model has been developed to ease for consultancy companies to plan, budget, monitor and evaluate projects.

I planeringssammanhang är begreppet ?attraktiv stad? vanligt förekommande. För att kunna utveckla en attraktiv stad måste man börja med att definiera begreppet. Dock är det ett begrepp som är svårt att definiera. Detta beror på hur starkt kopplat det är till individens egna värderingar om vad en ?attraktiv stad? är.

This survey was made to investigate the possibility of using an alternative method of fencing inSwedish forestry. The most common way of fencing in Sweden today is made by a two meter highmetal net that is attached to turned impregnated poles. The fencing methods that have beeninvestigated is a fencing system made completely out of wood so called ?German wood fence?.Browsing of game in forest regeneration areas is often a big problem and some kind of protection ofthe plants is often necessary. There is several ways of building fences and the most common way isto use metal nets and impregnated poles, this leads to a problem when the fence has profiled itspurpose.

To investigate if the student?s school centeent, and that planning of the school lunch is done from a health perspective. Qualitative research approach was used, including both interviews and observations, to view the purpose. Evidence was collected using a participating observer, semi constructed questions and structured observation. To focus on specific parts in the material, a directed content analysis was used. One large and one smaller school participated in the study.

This study is commissioned by the Swedish University of Agricultural Science (SLU - Department of Forest Resource Management) in coorporation with Sveaskog and Vilhelmina Norra Sami reindeer herding community. The purpose of this study is to analyse movement patterns and habitat use of reindeers during two winter seasons (2005/2006 and 2006/2007) in areas affected by forestry activities such as clearcutting. This study examines the possibilities of analysing information from Reindeer husbandry plans and forest variable data from kNN and SMD, in relation to GPS collar points from reindeers by using Geographical Information System (GIS). Lack of knowledge and understanding between the reindeer industry and the timber industry has often led to heated debates. The possibilities of using this type of technique are very interesting and could increase knowledge concerning land-use issues to different resource users. The main results from analyses comparing SMD, kNN, data about clearcuts, and GPS collar points from reindeers indicates that clearcut areas, younger forest, coniferous forest on lichen-dominated areas and areas dominated by pine was preferred by reindeers during the winter period.

Förtätning är ett planeringsideal som i dag framhålls som en viktig hållbarhetsstrategi och som har växt sig allt starkare både internationellt och nationellt. Städernas tillväxt bidrar till att de urbana grönområdenas förutsättningar förändras och i många fall påverkar förtätningen centrala grönområden och grönytor vars kvaliteter och värden riskerar att gå förlorade vid exploatering. Syftet i detta arbete har varit att undersöka grönstrukturens betydelse i den täta staden. Vidare har syftet varit att genom en fallstudie av Rambergsstaden i Göteborg undersöka grönstrukturens funktion, så som den uppfattas av olika aktörer och aktuell forskning, för att komma fram till vilka konsekvenser för grönstrukturen en förtätning av området kan leda till. En metodkombination av intervjuer/enkät, inventering/kartanalyser samt en litteraturstudie har använts för att besvara frågeställningarna och på så sätt belysa arbetets syfte. Slutsatserna som kan dras av detta arbete är att grönområden i staden har en viktig betydelse både utifrån ett ekologiskt, socialt och kulturellt perspektiv. Utifrån fallstudien går det att dra en slutsats om att det finns en skillnad i hur kunskaper om grönområdens betydelse förstås och hur det används i praktiken. Fallstudien av Rambergsstaden visar att det finns en medvetenhet, hos aktörer som är involverade i projektet, om grönområdens betydelse men att det finns svårigheter i att motivera dessa kunskaper i praktiken eftersom andra intressen i samhället väger tyngre och kan motiveras starkare..

Syftet med arbetet är att belysa och diskutera rättviseaspekten i fysisk planering under 2000-talet utifrån ett antal begrepp och kriterier om rättvisa relaterade till kontexten för fysisk planering. Vidare är syftet att tillämpa dessa begrepp och kriterier i en analys av rättviseaspekten i det pågående planeringsprojektet Östra Kvillebäcken i centrala Göteborg. Arbetet inleds med avsnittet Rättvisa i samhällsbyggandet som tar upp rättvisa som begrepp, hur rättvisa kan kopplas till staden samt det svenska systemet och planerarnas roll. Ambitionen med avsnittet är att ge bakgrund och förståelse för begreppet rättvisa och för hur planeringen påverkas av det system som byggts upp i landet samt vilken möjlighet planerare har att styra utvecklingen mot ett mer rättvist utfall. Efter det här följer en forskningsöversikt ifrån vilken de kriterier som används för att analysera Östra Kvillebäcken hämtas. Där på följer arbetets undersökning som består av en fallstudie där platsens kontext analyseras och en innehållsanalys görs. Analysen av platsens kontext syftar till att ge en förståelse för platsen och dess förutsättningar.

Inledning: Detta är ett examensarbete på 20 poäng inom Programmet för Fysisk planering, vid Blekinge Tekniska Högskola i Karlskrona. Arbetet innefattar en Robusthetsanalys över Djurängen och Rinkabyholm i Kalmar kommun efter en metod framtagen av Expertgruppen för säkerhet och förvaltning, ny- och ombyggnad. Arbetet har utförts i grupp om två studenter. Analysen grundar sig på fördjupade studier inom olika ämnesområden, vilka presenteras i sårbarhetsbedömningen del 2 kapitel 3. Den individuella delen avser fördjupningarna i nämnda kapitel. Texten för varje ämnesområden är baserad på litteratur, statistik samt intervjuer med verksamheter, myndigheter och enskilda personer. Carina Håkansson har sammanställt följande texter: 3.1.4 Personskador och olycksfall, 3.1.5 Insatser för räddningstjänst vid brand och olyckor, 3.1.6 Brottslighet, 3.2.1 Dricksvatten 3.2.2 Livsmedel.

The aim of this thesis is benchmarking of the program, based on dynamic programming, that earlier was written to imitate the production planning at TSS.This thesis starts with a chapter about the construction of the DP-program, a shorter description of one and each of the program parts and also a list over the in- and output data in each program part. The DP-program consists of six linked MATLAB-files that together produce an optimized production plan for the different planning groups at TSS. The program reads in and reformat the given data and optimize the production of the articles in one group. Finally it compounds all article production plans and give us a production alternative.After running the program with new data the result shows, resembling with previous results, that TSS could be able to make some distinct cost-savings. According to the program, a 50 % decrease of TSS production costs is possible. .

BackgroundToday a common approach to solve a complicated problem is to assemble a temporary workforce in order to solve the problem by working together within a project. One of the difficulties with working in projects is to maintain the planned budget. Working hours and costs are often exceeded. Many companies presume that any certain project will succeed, a presumption that leads companies not to anticipate risks involved in a project. In companies today there is seldom time for evaluation or moderation of a project, in order to have time for evaluation there is a great need for an adequate planning of the project.IntentThe intention with this study is to create a model for planning, budgeting and evaluation of projects within consultancy companies.MethodWith the help of interviews and discussions within the group Hamnar och Byggkonstruktioner at Sweco has evidence to present a proposal on planning, budgeting and monitoring been developed.ResultsA model has been developed to ease for consultancy companies to plan, budget, monitor and evaluate projects.

I samband med min utbildning till fysisk planerare stötte jag på begreppet trygghet flera gånger. Dock nämndes detta sällan i samband med belysning, utan endast andra aspekter togs upp. Därför tycker jag att det behövs närmare undersökning av hur vi egentligen upplever att en trygg miljö ska vara. Det behövs närmare undersökning av hur denna upplevda trygga miljö påverkas av en annan sorts belysning. Detta leder således till att denna uppsats behandlar ämnet trygghet i relation till belysning, med en inriktning på rörelsestyrd belysning.

The aim for the study was to examine a harwarder´s (combined harvester-forwarder) productivity when harvesting forest fuel in first thinning stands that contains Lodgepole pine and calculate the economy of the harvesting work and estimate the quality of the thinning . The field study area where located near Arvån, about 15 kilometres south ?east from the city of Lycksele. The field studies were taken place in three different stands. All tree stands had the same tree age, but the tree species combination and the density varied.

In three areas in the province of Småland studies has been done to investigate how big damage the moose may do to P. abies. An inquiry examination and two different types of surveys were done to find out how big area, which volume and which financial consequences the moose debarking has had on the forest. When the volume was calculated the rot spreading was included. The area that was damaged was stipulated with the answers from the inquiry examination. 59 % of the asked forest owners answered the inquiry.