Karlstad kommun vill att Karlstad ska uppnå 100 000 invånare, mot idag dryga 80 000. För att nå dit måste tätortsnära skogar exploateras. För att få reda på hur välbesökta de tätortsnära skogarna är i Karlstad, genomfördes i november 2005, februari, maj och augusti-september 2006 en kvantitativ besöksstudie av I2-skogen i nordvästra Karlstad. I2-skogen är ett tätortsnära område omgärdat av bostäder åt tre håll. I området finns bland annat flera motionsspår, golfbana och skjutbanor.

Metria håller på att ta fram en vegetationsdatabas över Värmlands län; det finns flera intressenter bakom framtagandet av databasen. Utöver dessa är StoraEnso en eventuellt tillkommande intresent, som undrar över praktiska användningsområden med databasen. De är även intresserade av att veta hur databasen överensstämmer med egna befintliga databaser. I detta arbete har jag samkört Metrias vegetationdatabas med StoraEnsos databaser för att få en bild av hur de överensstämmer och hur ett eventuellt praktiskt användande skulle kunna fungera. Tre olika försök har gjorts: ett användarförsök och två samstämmighetsförsök.

Det pågår en ständig debatt mellan olika parter i samhället angående betesskador orsakade av klövvilt. Huvudmålet med dagens viltförvaltning är att anpassa klövviltstammarna efter fodertillgången i landskapet. Syftet med studien var därför att kvantifiera fodermängden för klövvilt i skogslandskapet, undersöka hur olika skötselåtgärder påverkar foderutbudet och analysera kostaderna för dessa. Studien begränsades till ett sammanhängande område i Holmen Skogs distrikt Egen skog. Med hjälp av beslutsstödsprogrammet Heureka PlanVis har foderutfallet för ett antal olika foderskapande skötselåtgärder tagits fram. I de flesta simuleringar var målet att maximera nuvärdet, men det alternativ som skapade absolut mest foder var när målet istället sattes till att maximera biomassan i skogslandskapet.

The background to this work was to see if there was a connection between large woody debris (LWD) and the presence of brown trout in our Swedish forest streams. Previous researches by Degerman et al. (2004) have shown that there is a strong correlation between the amount of dead wood and the presence of brown trout. The goal was then to find a way to restore, maintain and increase the trout habitats by constructing and adding manmade wooden structures that would mimic natural deadwood and its features in flowing water. The inspiration was partially taken from a water restoration program in the Klamath River of northern California, USA.

As a hibernating species, the brown bear spend most of the winter months in a den as astrategy to avoid unfavorable conditions. The denning period is a vulnerable time for bears,making them unable to flee disturbances without losing valuable amounts of energy. Brownbears' wariness of humans and avoidance of anthropogenic disturbance often steer denningbears away from human infrastructure, and bears thereby avoid possible disturbance and itsassociated energetic costs. This study was carried out to test the hypothesis that bearsdenning closer to infrastructure select more covered den sites to compensate for the closedistance. Dens from 32 individuals were visited and analyzed in terms of sighting distance(a measurement for den horizontal cover) and habitat ruggedness, in relation to distances toinfrastructure.

Until 2020, 49% of Sweden's use of energy must derive from renewable sources. Greenhouse gases must as well decline with 40% compared to 1990 as a part of Sweden's 16 environmental objectives. Biogas is part of the effort to achieve these objectives, but as the demand for biogas increases, more substrates are needed to meet the demand. The purpose is to investigate the conditions for pea residue as substrate by performing lab-scale mesophilic digestion with different fractions and notch lengths and then to summarize pea residue as a substrate for biogas production. During anaerobic digestion, 1000 ml bottles were used as reactors for digestion.

The company Olofsfors AB manufactures drive belts for Forest machinery, known as ECO-Tracks, and abrasion-resistant steel and cutting edges for graders, excavators and tractors, known as Bruxite and SharqEdges. Manufacturing these products requires the steel to be heated and molded, then submerged in water and hardened. The water used in the hardening of steel is pumped to the process from pits below the floor and then pumped back to the pit after it?s been used. Since the temperature of this water rises after being used to harden the steel the temperature of the pumping pit needs to be adjusted to maintain its setpoint of 21°C.

GE Healthcare wants to investigate whether additive manufacturing would be an alternative method in their workshops in the Umea? plant. Additive manufacturing is called 3D printing in everyday language and manufactures details by building them up layer by layer in an automated machine. The purpose of this work is therefore to investigate how mature additive manufacturing methods are and how they could be used at GE.The work has been divided into three parts. The first section investigates how additive manufacturing would work in the production workshop at GE.

Emotron is a company specialised in developing, producing and marketing equipment to con-trol, monitor and protect processes and machinery driven by electric motors, with an applica-tion focus. Examples of uses for their products are fans, pumps, lifts and cranes.The project is to look at Emotrons end of line test. The company has seen that at the final test-ing there is a bottleneck that restricts the outflow and prevents an increase in the number of tested products.The purpose of this project is to review how Emotrons end-of-line test works today and if there is a possibility to make the test more efficient in such a way that the quality is not at risk, while increasing the outflow of tested products.The projects first step is to look at and analyse what is causing the bottleneck at the end-of-line. When the analysis is complete, the next step is to review whether there is a possibility to solve the bottleneck and if so in what way can this be done. Emotrons most overall objective of the project is to increase the outflow of the number of tested products without jeopardizing the quality.An analysis has been made on frequency inverters, soft starters and shaft power monitors.

Bark-stripping by red deer (Cervus elaphus) cause extensive damage to economically valuable spruce trees (Picea abies) in Swedish forests. The underlying causes for bark-stripping are not fully understood, and the frequency and severity of damage unpredictably differ between regions. In this study, I investigated if landscape structure (e.g. agricultural dominated landscape opposed to forest dominated landscape), forage availability, population density and disturbance (e.g. roads and settlements) affect bark-stripping frequency.

The increasing threat of climate change has led to a increased need for models to predict future climat. In these models the changes in the soil carbon pools due to changes in microbiel degradation of the organic matter can lead to both positive and negative feedback-effects. There is however a lack of consensues on the temperature respons on degradation soil organic matter. This paper aim to give a better understanding on the factors controlling the temperature respons. The factors studied were the carbon substrate qualitity and the physiological status of the microorganisms.

In the last decades, high speed cutting has become an attractive technology in the wood industry. The possibility of reducing global costs in addiction with an increase in productivity, were the main reasons for the enlargement of the use of this technology. As usual, these advantages are accompanied by disadvantages that should be carefully analyzed. If on the one hand cutting forces are reduced with increasing cutting speeds, on the other hand, the centrifugal forces affecting the tool are higher. Exposed to such high loads, there is a considerable risk of tool failure that embeds hazards for both machine and workers.

GE Healthcare wants to investigate whether additive manufacturing would be an alternative method in their workshops in the Umea? plant. Additive manufacturing is called 3D printing in everyday language and manufactures details by building them up layer by layer in an automated machine. The purpose of this work is therefore to investigate how mature additive manufacturing methods are and how they could be used at GE.The work has been divided into three parts. The first section investigates how additive manufacturing would work in the production workshop at GE.

The conditions for a good silage process start with good wheather and choice of crop, then choice of harvesting machinery. The shorter and more mechanically treated crop, the better quality of the forage. (Pauly 1994). This study has examined the variations in chopping length depending on harvest method. Precision choppers works with a rotating chopping cylinder, where the crop is cut into pieces.

Idag domineras den svenska skogsbranschen av manlig arbetskraft. Det uttrycker sig extra tydligt i ledningsgrupperna där andelen kvinnor är ännu lägre. Däremot ser man en uppåtgående trend gällande kvinnor som anställs till personalledande positioner. Syftet med studien är att undersöka tankar och åsikter hos chefer med personalansvar angående en jämnare könsfördelning, med hänsyn till olika mål och andra påverkande faktorer vid rekrytering på Norra Skogsägarna. Studien baseras på kvalitativa intervjuer genom fysiskt möte med sju respondenter från Norra Skogsägarnas alla fyra industrier samt huvudkontor. Alla personer som intervjuades har personalansvar. De intervjuade har en positiv syn på mål kopplade till jämställdhet vid rekrytering. Den positiva synen gäller både det egna företagets och branschorganisationen Skogsindustriernas uppsatta mål inom detta område.