Acidification is a central concept in the environmental debate. The effect of acidification of the soil is a matter of a decreasing amount of cations and thereby a decreasing ability to resist a supply of hydrogen ions to the soil. Acidification has gradually increased in the O horizon in Västerbotten over a 30-year period from the 1970th to the 1990th. The aim of this study was from inventories of The Swedish National Forest Soil Survey and The Swedish National Forest Inventory explain and quantify the acidification that has occurred in the O horizon of two regions in the north of Sweden. Data from SMHI, The Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute, has also been used.

Uppsats för avläggande av filosofie kandidatexamen i Kulturvård, landskapsvårdens hantverk, 15 hp, [2015].

The aim of this study is to analyze how problems are represented within SOU 2008:27. Further more, the aim is to analyze how the new subject plan for history can bee seen as a product of this document. The method used, and the theoretical frame of the study, is based on Carol Lee Bacchi?s ?what´s the problem represented to be?? approach, which basic principle is that policies are filled with representations of problems and that these representations need to be examined. These problem representations are then themselves subject for scrutiny, the second step being an analysis of the texts presumptions and assumptions concerning view of man and perception of knowledge. The results show, among other things, that a problem representations can be found in the SOU; the school system is too vague and unclear.

This study revolves around calculating the extent of appearance of both anonymously and named men and women as well as determining whether or not Yvonne Hirdman?s gender theory is applicable on two versions of a Swedish educational history textbook called Epos: historia: för gymnasieskolans kurs A (2008) and Epos [historia] 1b (2012), published for two different curriculum. Our qualitative investigation of two parts of the book?s content proves that the two principles of gender system are present in both books, although to a lesser extent in the latter version. Calculating the material, results have shown that anonymous men and women are almost equally presented in Epos 2012, which is not the case in the 2008 version.

Textbooks are a very influential medium considering the fact that they often introduce students to information they have never read or heard about before, and as such they become very important in forming students? opinions on different matters. In this study I have taken a closer look at five textbooks in history that are currently being used in the Swedish upper secondary school. My aim has been to find out how East Asia is pictured and also how much space East Asian history is given in these textbooks with the postcolonial theory as theoretical basis. My study shows that East Asia is given very little space compared to Europe in these books, with an average of less than a twentieth of the number of pages that deal with European history.

Med bakgrund av de händelserika åren 1917-1920 (ryska revolutionen, världskrigets slut, Versaillesfreden, bildandet av NF med mera) vill jag se vad det kan finnas för framtidsvisioner och farhågor vad gäller utvecklingen i Europa i några svenska tidskrifter mellan åren 1920 och 1923. Den största fredsglädjen har vid denna tid lagt sig och de första konsekvenserna av kriget var allmänt kända och debatterade.Jag väljer att granska sex stycken tidskrifter, vilka dels har olika politiska inriktningar; en konservativ, en socialistisk, en högerextrem, en vänsterextrem. Dels med olika intressesfärer; Allmänna försvarsföreningens tidskrift och Svenska freds- och skiljedomsförenings tidskrift.Versaillesfreden blev genomgående utdömd i de analyserade tidskrifterna. Freden måste inom kort revideras, fredligt med initiativ från segermakterna, eller så var ett nytt världskrig oundvikligt. Många skribenter förutsade att de hårda villkoren skulle stärka den tyska nationalismen, och att Tyskland snart skulle samla krafter till ett revanschkrig..

The goals of this essay are to identify rituals and ritual behavior at the department of archaeology and ancient history at Lund University. To do this a series of empirical examinations was conducted. Observations, interviews and polls revealed that some ritual behavior is in fact present. Two types of rituals were identified; the interaction ritual, as presented by Erving Goffman in the book Interaction Ritual, Essays on Face-to-Face Behavior, in 1967. The second type of ritual is a ?problem solving? ritual, such as meetings.

One of the biggest challenges in the human history is to prevent environmental pollution. Everybody has an indirect or direct influence on the environment through his or her consumption. The stakeholders are not just interested in price and quality, they are also interested in the circumstances of production and how this affects the environment. By taking environmental concern in public procurement it is possible to speed up the environmental adjustment of services and products. Environmental awareness has become more and more self evident in the environmental work.

Insecticides will be removed from Swedish forestry, at present insecticides are used to treat our seedlings to avoid them from being attacked by pine weevils. With the forthcoming ban on insecticides alternative protective measures will have to be tested. Holmen Forest Ltd has aimed to find an alternative and have developed a mechanic pine weevils protection accessory as well as a new concept on planting pipes. Studies have been conducted on the behalf of Holmen Forest Ltd to see how planting with the newly developed mechanical protectors and plant pipe stands up against the conventional methods used today. The study was conducted over a three week period. Three factors were compared regarding planting quality including i) pressure around the plant, ii) the depth the plant ended up in, iii) plant angle. Mechanical plant pipes were used in the study, and where tested like a one-handed and a two-handed pipe. The study concludes that further development is needed for the mechanic plant protector to live up to the speed and quality of conventional methods.

The aim with this study was to collect fundamental information, and to plan, a windpower farm in Juddhult , Småland in southern Sweden. The goal is to collect the bestavailable projecting planning support. The pieces of this projecting planning supportthat will be presented is; Environmental Consequence Description (MKB), productioncalculations, comparisons between different plant types, economic calculations, evaluatethe economy and give some farm design suggestions. The imagined wind farm will belocated in forest environment and which may cause a number of new problems. Specialinterest that will be affected, where special consideration because of the forestenvironmental is requested is, hunting, wetlands, ancient monuments and windturbulence.

The number of young women who self-mutilate in different ways has increased dramatically in recent years. Self-mutilation is a way of trying to feel better for the moment. People who self-mutilate often have some other underlying illness such as borderline disease. Women are overrepresented in this group of people and their behaviour is often rooted in a history of childhood trauma, sexual abuse, and psychic maltreatment. The aim of this study is to reveal thoughts about the future among young women who self-mutilate.

The aim of this thesis is to expand the understanding of 16th century Flemish art by approaching paintings by artists Pieter Aertsen (1508-1575), Joachim Beuckelaer (1533-1574) and Pieter Bruegel (c. 1525-1569) from a different perspective. This is done by extending the discourse of art history, into a discourse of literary history and primarily 16th century novels by authors such as François Rabelais and Miguel de Cervantes. The paintings are studied in relation to these 16th century novels, by comparison and as a testament of this specific time period. A widening contextualization is also constructed in which a connection to the expression of the carnivals ambivalent form, as well as the notion of lower classes is explored.

The credit rating industry is a complex and fascinating industry. Its history stretches back more than 150 years and has gradually increased in importance. During its history the dynamics of the industry have changed. The extended-principal-agent model was developed by synthesizing different principal-agent-relationships into one model. This model provides a holistic understanding of the credit rating industry and illustrates the interdependence between the different relationships.

The purpose of this essay is to study the crimes and punishments in the Roman army, how ancient authors describe this phenomenon and the differences between the authors descriptions. The results of the essay are that the authors mostly describe crimes such as mutiny and desertion. Ruffus is the only one who mentions and describes other types of crimes than mutiny and desertion, such as theft, rape and disobedience. The reason why there is a difference between Ruffus and the other authors are that Ruffus wrote a collection of laws in the Roman army but the other authors wrote biographies and histories and therefore they only mentioned the most dramatic thing that happened, such as a mutiny in the army for example..

Romerska aristokrater vars dryckenskap redan var omtalad under samtiden står i fokus för denna uppsats. Banketter var viktiga sociala evenemang, starkt förankrade i romersk ideologi och moral. Enligt moralisternas uppfatning skulle eliten ledas av anständighet, korrekthet i beteende samt måtfullhet.Korresponderade verkligheten med ideologin? Inte alltid. Med frustrerad ton refererar antika källor om Roms aristokraters ostentativa banketter, våldsamma berusningar, tävlingar i drickandet.