Nowadays the majority of the thinnings made in Swedish forests are done by machines, harvesters and forwarders. The most common model in thinning with a harvester is strip-road operated thinning and stand-operated thinning with one intermediate passage between the strip-roads. This study is a time study with some quality follow ups on a strip-road operated thinning model, a stand-operated thinning model with one intermediate passage between the strip-roads and a stand-operated thinning model with two intermediate passages between the strip-roads. The machines in the study were a small harvester (Forestline MPM C90) and a medium sized forwarder (Timberjack 1110). The study was made in Litsnäset outside the city of Östersund in Sweden and was made during the autumn 2007. In a lodgepole pine stand six study units (0,6 ha) were thinned with the three different models, two study units per model.

This essay discusses the Laholm?s bay and its eutrofication problems. The question of issue is: Have the efforts to limit the eutrofication in the Laholm?s bay been effective? What is the local actor?s opinion whether the measures have been effective or not? What efforts have been made to prevent the leakage of nutrients from fields and forestland? The Laholm's bay is located in the south part of the Swedish west coast. The problem was noticed in the 1960´s by local fishermen that experienced a lack of catch.

Stump biomass is energy rich and stump harvesting for use as fuel become more and more interesting in Sweden. Swedish Forest Agency (2009) has estimated that stump harvesting in Sweden would respond to an annual energy supply of 57 TWh/year. However, stump has not been recognized as a bioenergy resource in Sweden. Suitable methods for pre-treatment of stump are probably of great importance to make it accepted as fuel. It is therefore rewarding to carry out an investigation in this area for stump. This report represents results from a diploma project, which was aimed to develop a fixed bed reactor for experimental study of biomass torrefaction, followed by TG analysis and kinetic modelling employing Ozawa method and different kinetic models including one-step and three-pseudo-component models.

Naturens betydelse för människan är stor och den tätortsnära skogen utgör en viktig plats i den växande urbana befolkningens närhet. Ungefär två kilometer nordost om Falu centrum ligger Lugnets naturreservat, ett tätortsnära område som nyttjas av allt från motionärer och barnfamiljer till elitidrottare. Syftet med den här studien var att genomföra en syntesanalys över hur skötseln av Lugnets naturreservat kan utformas för att tillgodose så många intressen som möjligt. Genom kvalitativa intervjuer med ett urval av områdets intressenter kartlades deras nyttjande och synpunkter. Tillsammans med befintlig teori inom området utformades generella och specifika skogsskötsel- och förvaltningsförslag för reservatet.

Epifytiska lavar utgör en viktig del av floran i den boreala zonen. Några miljövariabler är kända för att styra artrikedomen och artsammansättningen av epifytiska lavar på beståndsnivå, såsom träddiversitet, beståndsålder, fuktighet och trädens barkstruktur. Skogsbränder utgör den viktigaste störningen i boreala skogar men studier på brandeffekter på epifytiska lavar är mycket få. Detta arbete undersökte artrikedomen, diversiteten och artsammansättningen av epifytiska lavar på basala delar av björkar längs en gradient av 30 skogsbeklädda öar som skiljer sig i storlek och brandhistorik i den norra boreala zonen i Sverige. Målet med studien var att undersöka hur lavfloran påverkades av östorleken och miljövariablerna längs gradienten.

The company Olofsfors AB manufactures drive belts for forest machinery, known as ECO-Tracks, and abrasion-resistant steel and cutting edges for graders, excavators and tractors, known as Bruxite and SharqEdges. Manufacturing these products requires the steel to be heated and molded, then submerged in water and hardened. The water used in the hardening of steel is pumped to the process from pits below the floor and then pumped back to the pit after it?s been used. Since the temperature of this water rises after being used to harden the steel the temperature of the pumping pit needs to be adjusted to maintain its setpoint of 21°C.

The aim with this study was to investigate mortality in older respectively younger beech stands (Fagus sylvatica), the different types of dead wood in the forest and the availability of coarse woody debris (CWD). The research was carried out in previously managed and seminatural stands in Biskopstorp and Frodeparken, located north of Halinstad in Halland,Sweden. Data were collected from 22 stands with at least 50 % beech and with a minimum age of 5 1 years, ranging in size from 0,67 to 19,9 ha. A transect was placed in each stand, in which the diaineter on both dead and living trees with a minimum diameter of 50 mm was recorded. On seven to 13 dead trees, depending on the size of each stand, decomposition stage, primary and secondary cause of death, amount of fungi and the type of the dead wood was noted.

Detta examensarbete har haft som syfte att undersoka om skogsbruksplanerings­ metoden "Avdelningsfritt skogsbruk" kan tillämpas med tillfredsstallande resultat i sodra Sverige. Studien utfordes pa Asa skogsvårdsgård ägd av skogsvårdsstyrelsen i Kronobergs Ian. Fastigheten ar belagen strax soder om Asa ca 30 km norr om Växjö. En pilotstudie har tidigare utforts i Vilhelmina (Holmgren & Thuresson 1995, 1996). Vid skogsbruksplanering ar det viktigt att habra data om skogen att basera beslut pa.

Under de senaste 20 åren har priset på skogsfastigheter ökat dramatiskt. Historiskt sett har priset på skogsfastigheter haft en tydlig koppling till skogens avkastning, men detta samband tycks inte längre gälla. Utöver värdet av skogens ekonomiska avkastning, tillkommer idag värdet av ickemonetära resurser som tidigare hade en begränsad betydelse för fastigheternas pris. Faktorer som bonitet och åldersfördelning påverkar en skogsfastighets avkastning. Men är det självklart att dessa faktorer även påverkar skogsfastigheters pris? Om utvecklingen av fastighetspriset medfört en försvagad koppling mellan avkastning och pris, kan detta då förklaras av att tidigare prispåverkande faktorer inte längre beaktas i fastighetsvärderingarna? Syftet med studien var med bakgrund av detta att undersöka hur ett antal faktorer påverkar fastigheters pris; däribland åldersfördelningen och boniteten.

Bark-stripping by red deer (Cervus elaphus) cause extensive damage to economically valuable spruce trees (Picea abies) in Swedish forests. The underlying causes for bark-stripping are not fully understood, and the frequency and severity of damage unpredictably differ between regions. In this study, I investigated if landscape structure (e.g. agricultural dominated landscape opposed to forest dominated landscape), forage availability, population density and disturbance (e.g. roads and settlements) affect bark-stripping frequency.

Stump wood is a hot alternative when the heating plants demands more and more forest fuel. The aim with the study has bean to calculate the costs in four different systems for transportations of stump wood, examine if there are any differences in fuel quality for the stump wood in the different systems, analyse if the fuel quality in stump wood is affected with the time it lays by the road side and how much space the stump wood demands on the road side. To calculate the costs for the different systems a system analysis was carried out, where some of the costs were collected through field studies on Holmen Skog stump experiment and other costs were collected from literature and contacts. Data for the fuel quality study was collected from Eons heat plant in Norrköping. Data for the study of how much space stump wood takes along a roadside was collected from field studies.

This Master Thesis is a product development project that has been carried out in cooperation withLappset Sweden AB.The purpose has been to develop a group of products suited for parks andtraditional playground locations. The specific target area has been courtyards of newly builtresidential areas. (These pieces of open land resemble glades that can be found in the forest,which in Swedish is called ?gläntan? and has given name to the product family). Therefore thedesign should match contemporary architecture.

The third most common conifer in Sweden is Pinus contorta (lodgepole pine). It originates from the western part of North America and was brought here in the end of the 1920s. The lodgepole pine is today allowed for commercial plantations in central and northern Sweden, excluding high altitude locations. Since 1979 only plantations with scientific purpose are allowed in south-central and south Sweden. This document is focused on how lodgepole pine manage perform compared with Pinus sylvestris (Scots pine) in the southernmost part of Sweden, Götaland. The idea came from the fact that the Swedish government is evaluating a notification from the National Forest Agency that suggests lodgepole pine to be allowed for commercial plantation even in southern Sweden.

This Masters thesis is made as the first of two visitor surveys of three urban forest areas. These areas are; Skutan recreational area in Haninge, Ugglevikskällan on Norra Djurgården in Stockholm and the Paradiset Reserve in Huddinge. The study is made in cooperation with the managers of the three areas operating within the European Union Life Project regarding Urban Woods for People. The goal has been to collect data through studies of visitors and close by residents in the three areas. The results are to be used as primary values for the follow-up as well as a basis for managerial decisions. The interviews and surveys are also constructed in a fashion so that they can be used for the follow-up study. For the Skutan recreational area the mode of contact was by sending forms to the nearby residential areas.

Future climate changes may lead to an interest of alternative and foreign forest tree species in order to spread the risks in forestry. Douglas fir, Sitka spruce, Freemont cottonwood and hybrid aspen are examples of popular foreign tree species that along with western red cedar could have a future in the Swedish forests.Södra Skogsägarna and SLU have collaboration in establishment of foreign species in Swedish forests.The purpose of this study was to analyze and present the establishment of western red cedar, and to survey and illustrate injuries of freeze drying and other damages like deer browsing, vegetation and insect attacks. The study included four different provenances, and spruce as a reference, planted in two locations ? Asa and Släne.Western red cedar is despite its name a conifer of the cupressaceae family with defined secondary characteristic and gets along well with an overstory. Western red cedar grows often in mixed stands with similar conifers and its natural habitat is within and in the area near to British Columbia.The study included two series of field inventories, one made in the summer and one in the autumn 2013, three growing seasons after plantation.