During consultation procedures between forest owners and the Sámi, data on, e.g., reindeer lichen biomass on the current site is needed. Hitherto, the existing methods of measuring lichen cover and biomass has been either objective methods such as the Point Intercept method, which is time consuming, or some sort of subjective visual estimation, which is faster but less accurate. However, both these methods are sensitive to different observers and/or to different inventories. This paper addresses the further development and evaluation of a photographical inventory method that uses colour distribution in images to estimate lichen biomass. During the autumn of 2011 six different locations, with different grazing pressure and lichen cover, in Norrbotten county were inventoried using both the Point Intercept method and the photographical method, complemented with collection of biomass samples.

Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune disease, induced by an immune mediated reaction in the small intestine after ingestion of gluten and related prolamines. There is a strong genetic linkage and most important are the genes that encodes for HLA-DQ2 and HLA-DQ8. The European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (ESPGHAN) has developed new guidelines for investigation of CD in children and adolescents, which include genotyping for HLA-DQ2 and HLA-DQ8. Therefore, the clinical microbiological laboratory in Västmanland wants to introduce a method for analysis of these genes. Microarray is a newly developed method for determination of the alleles HLA-DQA1 and HLA-DQB1 that encodes for the ?- and ?-subunits of the HLA-molecules.

Uppsatsen är ett försök att applicera kulturvetenskaplig teori på en kontemporär subkultur. På så sätt kan den avkodas och dess kopplingar till samhällstendenser kan belysas. Tesen är att hipsterismen innehåller element som utmanar sättet vi vanligtvis tolkar och förstår ungdomskulturer på. Vidare visar forskningen att hipsterismen är ett resultat av nästan 40 år av nyliberal kapitalistisk utveckling, kombinerat med gentrifiering, konsumtionsvanor, kulturellt kapital och subkultur..

Revenue is the largest post in the financial statements but is often least described. They are an important element when different companies are compared with each other. Revenue is often associated with assessment which Enron and Prosolvia is two examples of. Enron reported their incomes and assets while their costs and debts were not reported. Thus were a positive image maintained of the company when the financial position in reality were otherwise.

Being able to predict the future had been an invaluable competitive advantage for any corporation. Forecasting is a vital part of any business, hence a good forecast allows enterprises to invest in a beneficial way. However, there are several ways to prepare forecasts and the forecast methodology can vary. An industry that is dependent on forecasts is the energy industry. By predicting consumers' energy consumption, Swedish energy companies can hedge on the Nordic power market Nord Pool.

Problemdiskussion: Syftet med revision är att det granskade materialet ska kunna anses vara tillförlitligt. Trots detta inträffar revisionsskandaler som tyder på det motsatta. Åtgärder har vidtagits för att bygga upp ett förtroende för revisorer men ytterligare skandaler har uppmärksammats på den svenska marknaden, där företag begått grova bokföringsbrott utan att revisorn av olika anledningar agerat tillfredsställande, eller inte agerat alls. Dessa skandaler har bidragit till den förtroendekris för revisionsbranschen som råder i samhället. Att revisorerna klarar sig undan skandaler relativt lindrigt och därmed kan fortsätta arbeta som revisorer torde inverka negativt på förtroendet för hela branschen.Forskningsfrågor: Hur har den senaste tidens revisionsskandaler påverkat förtroendet för revisionsbranschen? Hur anser revisorerna att revisionsskandalerna har inverkat på förtroendet för revisionsbranschen? Hur har revisionsskandalerna inverkat på förtroendet för revisionsbranschen enligt banker och kunder? Vilka element är viktiga för att skapa och bevara förtroende för revisionsbranschen enligt revisorer, banker och kunder?Syfte: Syftet med studien är att kartlägga hur revisorer och intressenter ser på förtroendet för revisionsbranschen efter den senaste tidens revisionsskandaler och hur dessa skandaler har inverkat på förtroendet.

Very often the interesting variables are explained by several underlying variables and in statistical analyses it is common to study the relationship between variables and groups of variables. Because of this multivariate analysis is commonly used in both science and industry. There are two problem with both univariate and multivariate analyses. One is when the variables are correlated. The other is when the number variables of exceeds the number of observations which makes the matrices algebra used in the analysis impossible to execute.

This Master Thesis is a product development project that has been carried out in cooperation withSvea Teknik AB. The company has developed an apparatus for attachment of a keel to a hull base ofa boat. The purpose for this thesis has been to compare a new concept of keel attachment incomposite material to thetraditionaldesign solution. This new keel attachment minimizes thedamages that may arise on the keel and the hull of the boat in shape of stresses impacts at grounding.Today it is a problem, relating to keel attachment on sailing boats having a fin keel or a bulbous keel.The manufacture focus on developing larger draught and shorter keel blades. The overall purpose isto increase performance of the sailing boat.The task for this thesis was to develop a concept of keel blade in composite material and investigateattachment to a sheet-shaped element.

Today there are various methods to use when euthanizing horses. Earlier the use of free or captive bullet was the most common method, but in recent decades this has changed and chemical euthanasia is now considered the most common method. The chemical euthanasia has in Sweden been dominated by the use of barbiturates. Somulose® entered the market in the beginning of the 90?s as an alternative to previous chemical euthanasia.

Scania is among the leading companies in the heavy vehicle industry. Scania also assemble engines for their trucks and buses, as well as to external marine and industrial applications. Wrongly assembled parts leads to quality problems, which makes it important to secure that the assembly is correct. To do this Design For Assembly (DFA) is used to describe how parts should become easier to assemble. Scania?s production unit for engine assembly has had a working method for DFA in the shape of a checklist, which is not used.

Uppsatsen behandlar frågor om identitet och tillhörighet och hur vi skapar hem borta från våra primära hem. Vad är det vi bär med oss??, varför och hur? Vad skapar en känsla av ett hem och hur kan den känslan transporteras med oss ??vart vi än går i dagens mobila samhälle? Möbeln kommer att försöka att erbjuda ett sätt att lagra, transportera och förvara de viktigaste sakerna. Möbeln kommer att bestå av flera element som kan användas antingen separat eller tillsammans som en enhet..

This study covers reading comprehension and the introduction of the "Tell me" approach as proposed by Chambers (1993) to a group of teachers in a Swedish F-3 school. Five teachers got to use the method for three weeks and were interviewed before and after the experiment to analyze their current ways of working and reactions to using the method in everyday tutoring. The result from the first interview showed that all of the participants had been using methods to improve the children?s reading comprehension prior to the study, but no one had tried the "Tell me" approach. After trying the method throughout the test period, all of the participants were positive about the methodology and showed an interest in continuing the use of it.

Detta kandidatarbete utgår ifrån vilka aspekter som är viktiga att tänka på när man anpassar av en webbsida till en mobil enhet och de problem som uppstår när en webbsida skalas ner till en låg skärmupplösning. Vi har behandlat användarvänlighet, designprinciper, grafiska element och tekniska aspekter för att svara på problemformuleringen. Slutsatsen vi kommit fram till är ett antal punkter inom områdena ovan..

Syftet med arbetet är att undersöka huruvida det går det att utveckla ett spel som kan spelas både i verkligheten såväl som bakom en dator samtidigt. Hur kan ett spel som kombinerar virtuella och reella element utformas. Arbetet tar upp vilken teknik som kan användas samt hur en teknisk lösning kan se ut. All teknik som krävs för att realisera ett fungerande spel av denna typ finns tillgängligt och i detta arbete presenteras all bakgrund samt förarbete..

Proteins are vital to all cells in the body. They consist of long chains of amino acids. To be able to study the amino acid composition of a protein it is necessary to hydrolyse it, followed by separation and quantification. When the protein is hydrolysed, in this case ß-lactoglobulin, the protein is divided into individual amino acids. The method that traditionally has been used to hydrolyse proteins takes 24-72 hours to complete.