The tomato is an important crop worldwide, and in recent years it has received great attention due to its rich content of carotenoids, which in studies indicate to have health benefiting properties. Many studies have been done in this area of research and in how to optimize the carotenoid content in tomatoes and tomato products. The objectives of this essay were to summarize present data in this field. The results were as follows:There are nine different carotenoids identified in tomatoes. Lycopene and ?-carotene are the ones that have been given the greatest attention.

This diploma work on D-level is made in cooperation with Varnäsföretagen AB in Eskilstuna. The company performs contract manufactured aluminium goods. This work is a continuation on earlier diploma work in Varnäsföretagen AB. Even if the industry process consumes much energy for melting the aluminium goods, they consume a great amount of oil to warm up the building. The purpose of this work is to examine some places in the building and the process to see how much energy it is possible to recycles to the heating system and reduce the costs for heating.

Global climate change is one of the greatest challenges in our history. As the average temperature is rising due to anthropogenic emissions, impacts such as floods, droughts and hurricanes, affect the lives of millions of people. Though the least developed countries are least responsible for emissions, they are the worst affected. This thesis focuses on environmental justice in the adaptation discourse. By outlining the adaptation discourse from the United Framework Convention on Climate Change principles, to the Marrakesh Accords, via the Kyotoprotocol my ambition is to analyse how environmental justice has been interpreted in relation to the adaptation discourse.

The aim of the study was to investigate if methane emission in a constructed wetland changed in a diurnal pattern correlating to temperature, humidity or light conditions. The gas measurements were carried out with a static chamber technique. The wetland (in Nykvarn outside of Linköping, Sweden) takes care of wastewater to reduce the nitrogen loads. Measurements were carried out at three different occasions in the summer of 1998 on two sites in the wetland. One site was close to the inflow, inhabited by Lemnaceae, and another site was located further downstream inhabited by the emergent macrophyte Typha latifolia.

Not much is today known about how epiphytic lichens are effected by fire. A considerable part of the fires in Sweden today are prescribed fires for the purpose of environmental conservation. How these fires affect lichens is largely unknown. The aim of this study is to find out how epiphytic fruticose and foliose lichens on Scots pine are affected by fire, and to elucidate the relationship between fire intensity and the survival of lichens and later re-colonization. The study was performed at three locations just outside Umeå in Västerbotten that were burned 5-7 years earlier. In all locations there were larger groups of surviving Scots pines with varying amount of fire-damage in the crown, which enabled a reconstruction of fire intensity.

Undersöknings syfte var att närmare ta reda på hur ett grafiskt gränssnitt för en och samma webbplats lämpligt kan anpassas för att ge en likvärdigt god användarupplevelse oberoende användaren använder sig av en vanlig dator eller en tablet.För att undersöka problemlösande designmönster prövades en teorisyntes baserad på befästa användbarhetsläror, så som metoder för visibility, affordance, mapping, begränsningar och feedback samt tekniker för grafisk gränssnittsdesign och navigation mot en fallstudie.Fallstudien utgjorde en del av ett större projekt, att ta fram ett koncept för en webbplats avseende ett arkitekturmagasin, att vara kompatibel med såväl en desktop som en tablet avseende möjligheten att med gott resultat ta del av samma tjänstekoncept oberoende plattform.Fallstudien gjordes i flera steg genom att först skapa ett passande tjänstekoncept avseende webbplatsens syfte, för att sedan i iterationer skapa ett interaktions- och ett grafiskt ramverk. Under produktionen togs framför all två saker i beaktande; inputmöjligheter både för desktop med mus och tablet med hand eller finger samt konceptuell modeller vad gällande navigation från både tablet och desktopbruk. Iterationerna avslutades med användartester där fyra personer fick prova de framkomna koncepten.Resultatet och analysen av fallstudien pekar på att det finns riktlinjer vilka en designer kan och eventuellt bör följa för att få ett lyckat resultat.Bland dessa riktlinjer är finkänsligheten gällande input den klara skillnaden mellan en desktop med en mus och en tablet med pekskärm. Därför bör alla interaktiva objekt alltid utformas och placeras så att de är lätta att aktivera oberoende metod för input.För ökad läsbarhet bör inte för liten text användas och dessutom tillkommer avvägning för navigation där det är viktigt att inte fastna i gamla webbdesignkonventioner med djupa hierarkier, utan i stället sträva mot en informationsarkitektur som möjliggör för enkel översikt och navigering.Analysen visar även på att överdådig grafik bör undvikas för att inte försätta användaren i en situation där den behöver fundera över hur den ska göra något snarare än vad..

This thesis has the overall objective to develop the optimum sealing system between the retarder and transmission. Today, there is a pressure-relief and two radial seals separation between the retarder and transmission. It has been found that carbon residue formation may occur between retarder axle and seal lips with, in some cases, leakage as a result.We have in this thesis tried to explain the phenomenon of carbon residue, how it is formed and why it can be seen just on the seals? A rig test was conducted where we show how friction, speed, transmission temperature and mitigation phases of the retarder affects temperatures in the sealing environment. Factors affecting the coke structure are reported, together with proposals for measures that provide a mitigating seal environment.

SammanfattningCleantechbranschen har på senare år vuxit fram med ett omfångsrikt utbud av miljövänliga alternativ till främst traditionella energilösningar. En klar definition på vad branschen egentligen omfattar finns ännu inte och detta medför viss osäkerhet kring begreppet. Många företag utger sig för att vara Cleantechbolag men i själva verket handlar det om att deras interna processer förbättras ur ett miljöperspektiv. Författarna till denna rapport har valt att utgå från att ett Cleantechbolag är ett bolag som erbjuder en produkt eller tjänst som i sig är en, ur miljöaspekt gynnsam, lösning på ett problem. Cleantech har i takt med ökad klimatdebatt och stigande efterfrågan på alternativa lösningar blivit en publikt haussad bransch.

Thermal fatigue is a serious problem in todays power plants. A large amount of damages around the world circles around that subject. The damage can come from the mechanism of two flows mixing with different temperatures in a T-junction. It is a fundamental prerequisite that these T-junctions are frequently tested for damages. An amount of criterias steers the rate of testings.

In this Bachelor Thesis (20 p.), we present the history and development of "Intelligent Houses", and most important- explore some of the future possibilities in this area. The project has been carried out through an interdisciplinary cooperation between three different educations at the Blekinge Institute of Technology. By conducting a dialogue with various actors with different professions, we have been trying to identify needs within the concept of "Intelligent Houses", were the end user is not only the tenant or homeowner. Through Participatory Design methods, such as a Future Workshop, we have brought the users together to discuss their own and each others needs and hindrances in their respective work practice, and how intelligent house technology could improve their work conditions. We have also been testing a highly sophisticated CO/CO2/Moisture/Temperature/Enthalpy multi-sensor & controller, originally developed for regulating indoor climate systems. Based on the needs we have found in our fieldwork, we have been looking at possibilities to make multi user solutions with the sensor..

A sample of milk inoculated with S. aureus was treated with penicillin, and Antipen (a new commercial product containing penicillinase) was added. To another sample with S. aureus and penicillin, formic acid to pH 5 was added, and to yet another sample, a combination of formic acid and Antipen was added. Controls with no penicillin were treated in the same way.

This is a graduate work at the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, The Department of Urban and Rural Development, Ultuna. The purpose of this paper has been to find out and describe principles for designing parks that offers good recreational and aesthetical values and require little amount of carbon dioxide emissions during their maintenance. The purpose has also been to see if it's possible to use city wastewater in some extent to assure the plants water supply and to find other means to make it less necessary to use purified water for watering. Recently made studies as well as older ones show how important green areas are in dense city structures both from a health and a climate perspective. Trees and other plants adsorbs different forms of air pollution and can also lower the temperature in the surrounding area through their transpiration.

Uppsatsen ställer frågan Vilka är konstens slumpmetoder och hur kan man förstå och förklara dem utifrån ett socialkonstruktivistiskt sätt att se på kreativitet? Med andra ord kan man säga att konsthistoriens slumpmetoder här dammas av och belyses i ett socialkonstruktivistiskt sken.Upprinnelsen till uppsatsämnet kommer av känslan att den egentligen hade kunnat handla om vad som helst. Allting kan bli intressant om man bara ger det en chans. Vinsten med ett slumpförfarande i valet av uppsatsämne hade varit att man sluppit valsituationen och att startsträckan troligtvis hade kortats ner betydligt. För det är just detta, som slumpmetoderna syftar till; att komma in i ett flöde.

An Internet application, VEDAIR, for estimation of air quality in regions with small-scale combustion of bio fuel has been developed by Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute with financing from Swedish Energy Agency and Swedish Environmental Protection Agency. The model contains user interface and a coupled model concept where concentrations of atmospheric pollutions are calculated for regional, urban and local contributions. In this report the model is described and a first study of air quality considering PM10 (particles with a diameter less than 10 µm) in two Swedish municipalities, Vänersborg and Gnosjö, is introduced.According to the result, there are areas with poor air quality even in smaller Swedish municipalities, mostly due to high emission from buildings with older wood heating furnace without hydraulic accumulator.In Vänersborg three areas were analysed in VEDAIR for the year 2003: Vargön, Mariedal and the downtown district. In the whole municipality the upper evaluation threshold for PM10, which is defined as 14 µg/m3 for annual average, was exceeded due to background contribution of particles. In all areas, however, the concentrations of PM10 were less than the environmental quality norms.

The work was carried out on Termisk Systemteknisk?s office in Linköping. The aim was to create a computer system with infrared camera technology for quality control and temperature monitoring of manufacturing processes in industry. The system should be configurable such that it can be used on several different issues, including those where the real-time analysis of camera images is required.The developed system is based on an existing framework, Panola, to deal with measurement results and images in a database. The framework is built for the system continually check for new data , and the task was to create a foundation upon which to build systems that use the framework, but fully or partially utilize direct calls .