Aim: The aim of this study was to examine a way to measure students? knowledge development by using a self-made measure instrument based on William Doll?s postmodern curriculum.Question: Is it suitable to use an self-made measure instrument based on William Doll?s post-modern curriculum theory to measure development of knowledge?Methods: The study was based on process-hermeneutics and was focused on analysingcollege students? written and oral reflective thoughts. The data was collected over three lessons, where six students? written reflective thoughts were handed in. An observation was carried out each lesson for an extra control of validity.

An instrument for assessing children's attitude towards speech,communication, and communicative participation suitable for children withcleft lip and palate has been missing in speech- and language pathology. Inthe present study a new instrument Självsvarsformulär Om Tal OchKommunikation was tested on typically developed school children. The aimwas to obtain norm values for children in grade 4 and 7 and to examine thereliability and validity of the instrument. 104 children participated. Data wascollected in groups of 5-6 children.

Utbudet av börshandlade investeringsprodukter och finansiella instrument har utökats kraftigt under de senaste åren. Många av dessa är relativt nya och det skapas ständigt nya, komplexa produkter och instrument. År 2010 skapades i Sverige en ny kategoriseringsstandard för börshandlade investeringsprodukter som indelar produkterna i följande fyra kategorier: hävstångsinstrument, deltagandeinstrument, avkastningsförbättrande instrument och kapitalskyddade instrument.Investeringsprodukternas komplexitet innebär att det kan vara svårt att beräkna den totala avkastningen både före och efter avgifter, för många av de nya produkterna. Det är viktigt att investerare har kunskaper och är medvetna om att kostnader och priser för olika produkter kan variera under löptiden, beroende på likviditeten eller underliggande tillgång för instrumentet. Även extrema marknadsförhållanden påverkar prissättningen bland dem.Hävstången är något som kan variera beroende på emittenten för produkten.

The purpose of this paper was to investigate whether Suzanne Retzinger?s linguistic cues for shame and verbal behaviors for hiding shame could be used to measure shame in surveys based on Thomas Scheff?s theory of shame. I created a measurement instrument consisting of 30 statements, which were all meant to measure general shame.The instrument was administrated to 180 respondents studying at Karlstad University, of whom 4 respondents were removed from the data set due to lack of standardization. With the polytomous rasch model used for the analysis, data from 176 respondents were analyzed, of whom 124 respondents were female and 52 were male.The result showed that the measurement instrument?s statements should not be used together because the analysis indicated multidimensionality.

The aim of this paper was to examine how social workers' comprehension of the need of financial aid exists in, and is influated by, the organisation they work in. To investigate this, we asked ourself questions concerning how the social worker view the way that the finicial aid-system and work surrounding it is formed, whether the social worker's understanding of the need of financial aid co-exists with the percieved common understanding of the work place (do the understandings coincide, do the social worker adjust his or her understanding or is it possible to have a separate understanding), whether the social worker feel that he or she have discretion to influence the organisation and how possible conflicts between different views are handled. We felt that a qualitative method would best help us answer these questions. We therefore interviewed seven social workers working in the same organisation. We then looked at our material from an organisational theory perspective, focusing on the individual in the organisation.We found that the social workers were socialised into the organisation and adapted the norms and values that existed there.

Syfte:Syftet med denna studie är att analysera Instrument-X programteori samt undersöka hur bru-karna upplever hjälpprocessen vid användandet av Instrument-X. Metod:För att besvara vårt syfte har vi använt dokumentstudier och kvalitativa intervjuer som hu-vudmetoder. Huvudresultat: Brukarna upplevde i stort hjälpprocessen vid användandet av Instrument-X som positiv. Det som hölls fram som mest gynnsamt med Instrument-X i hjälpprocessen var att informationen blev nedtecknad tillsammans med brukaren, detta gjorde att deltagarna kände att de togs på allvar vilket skapade en känsla av att komma framåt i processen. Vidare menade deltagarna att nedtecknandet av uppgifter gav dem själva en god bild av vad de kunde tänkas arbeta med.

Titel: Integrationsarbete vid bankfusioner - En studie om kommunikation som instrument för att hantera organisationskulturer. Författare: Janne Eskola, Pelle Johansson, Karl Larsson och Magnus Torkildsen Handledare: Ola Mattisson och Ulf Ramberg Syfte: Syftet med uppsatsen är att redogöra för kommunikation som instrument för att hantera organisationskulturer vid integrationen i samband med en bankfusion. Metod: Eftersom vi vill öka förståelsen av integrationsarbete vid bankfusioner, leder vår problemformulering och syfte till valet av en kvalitativ undersökningsmetod. En kvalitativ ansats ger möjlighet till mer innehållsrik information jämfört med en kvantitativ undersökningsmetod. I vår undersökning använder vi ett analytiskt induktivt tillvägagångssätt.

Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to examine whether some periods of declines in Swedish real credit can be explained by a credit crunch. Is it further possible, with these results, to do any conclusions about the banks behaviour in the on going financial crisis that has shadowed the country since 2007/2008? Method: A credit crunch is here defined as a period of supply-side restrictions on loans which doesn?t reflect the ongoing interest rates. By estimating a supply and demand function with a disequilibrium model the excess demand- and supply for credit due to different periods can be calculated. Conclusion: A credit crunch has been present during a period after the banking crisis of early 1990?s.

The objective of this study was to assess validity and reliability for five different owner-completed instruments evaluated to assess chronic musculoskeletal pain in cats. All of the instruments were questionnaires, three asking about behavioral changes, one about the degree of pain and one about quality of life. One of the instruments was written originally in Swedish, the other four instruments were translated into Swedish before use. Data available were records from 57 cats with no signs of pain and 11 cats with different pain-related diagnoses. The diagnoses were ensured by clinical examination including palpation and manipulation of joints, gait testing on a force-plate and X-ray scans. Instrument 1 was completed by 57 pain-free and 11 pain-affected cats.

This report describes the process of translating Russian financial information in accordance with Russian Accounting Standards to IFRS, International Financial Reporting Standards. The author describes the two regulatory frameworks and reveals a number of risk factors in the process. These risk factors may affect the reliability of figures from Russian companies. The conclusion states some recommendations on how these risk factors can be managed..

The interest for venture capital within the financial sector in Sweden has, according to earlier studies, been seen as a growing occurrence. Especially for what is known as informal venture capital. In modern times, private investors who engage themselves in small, unlisted companies, providing informal venture capital are to be known as business angels. They close equity gaps on the financial market by contribute financial capital to start-ups and are therefore an important participant on today?s market.

Syfte: Att identifiera de problem och/eller svårigheter som uppstått efter införandet av IAS 39 och dess krav på att finansiella instrument ska värderas till verkligt värde. Metod: Uppsatsen har genomförts med hjälpa av en induktiv metod. Primärdata har samlats in genom kvalitativa intervjuer. Sekundärdata består av facklitteratur och vetenskapliga artiklar. Teoretiska perspektiv: Teorin om det institutionella tänkandet har använts samt Streek & Schmitters modell.

This report describes the process of translating Russian financial information in accordance with Russian Accounting Standards to IFRS, International Financial Reporting Standards. The author describes the two regulatory frameworks and reveals a number of risk factors in the process. These risk factors may affect the reliability of figures from Russian companies. The conclusion states some recommendations on how these risk factors can be managed..

Introduction and background: The 1990s crisis and the global financial crisis year 2008 shows the same indications that the property market was affected negative. The Swedish Property companies had a difficult time on the market when the crisis led to decreased property trade and financing problems for the Property companies. The Swedish property companies became less attractive on the market and contributed to a drop in prices on investment property.Purpose: The purpose of this essay is to examine if there is any relation between the Swedish Property companies impairments on their investment property and the global financial crisis year 2008.Method: The essay is based on a quantitative study where we examined Swedish Property companies? annual reports. We answered our questions and our purpose from the empirical data that we collected from the annual reports.Conclusions: The study resulted in that we found a correlation between the Swedish Property companies? impairments on their investment properties and the global financial crisis year 2008.

The financial crisis in 2008, effected companies around the globe and forced them to change their operational strategies, in order to survive. Companies with international links needed to consider external effects and due to that adapt their strategies on a global level. Demands for goods and service were decreasing and companies could only manage the cost during a recession to not face bankruptcy. Organisations need to reconsider their optimal strategy as this will determine their future outcome when managing a crisis as the one in 2008. British Airways - Air Cargo is a global company with an international network which serves about 80 countries, with about 200 destinations.