Syftet med undersökningen är att få en ökad förståelse för hur de anställdas upplevelser av arbetsmotivation och stress ser ut i arbetet samt att se om finanskrisen har påverkat de anställdas upplevelser av arbetsmotivation och stress. Undersökningen är genomförd på Volvo Aero Corporation i Trollhättan. Uppsatsens teoretiska referensram är uppdelad i fyra huvuddelar: arbetsmotivation, stress, krav/kontroll/stöd och finanskris.Uppsatsens datainsamlingsmetod är en kvalitativ och kvantitativ tvärsnittsstudie med enkäter och gruppintervjuer. Totalt har två gruppintervjuer utförts, samt en enkätundersökning med 122 deltagare. Det empiriska materialet delades upp i fyra olika kategorier, samma som i teoriavsnittet.Resultatet visar att de anställda främst motiveras av arbetskamrater och varierande arbetsuppgifter.

Trading financial securities at stock exchanges and other authorized market places is today a particularly important socioeconomic phenomenon in many industrialized countries. A well functioning securities market is crucial for the economic development in these countries. The modern trading with stocks and other financial securities is characterized by the fact that the majority of the transactions at the stock exchanges are carried out through various intermediaries. The ultimate counterparties that are involved in a securities transaction (the seller and the buyer) are often unknown to each other. The anonymity in the securities trading implies several interesting legal problems.

Auditors have a big role in society. The question of auditor independence has been debated frequently after the Financial crisis. Long auditor tenure with clients has both advantages and disadvantages so the question is hard to solve.One of the traits that are encouraged with auditors is professional skepticism. An important part of professional skepticism is the personal skepticism of the auditor. The purpose of this dissertation is to investigate if a high professional skepticism can increase auditor independence by increasing profession identification and decreasing client identification.

Ever since it was first introduced in an article in the Journal of Finance 1952, Harry Markowitz? mean - variance model for portfolio selection has become one of the best known models in finance. The model was one of the first in the world to deal with portfolio optimization mathematically and have directly or indirectly inspired the rest of the world to develop new portfolio optimization methods. Although the model is one of the greatest contributions to modern portfolio theory, critics claim that it may have practical difficulties. Partly because the Markowitz model is based on various assumptions which do not necessarily coincide with the reality.

The aim of this study is to analyze the justification of a financial incentive that rewards students who rapidly finish their studies within the language education ?Swedish for immigrants? (sfi). Thereby, we want to see what assumptions are made about the students, and relate this to experiences of the education at a local level. We applied a text analysis on a government bill about the incentive, which showed that the deficiencies in the education are said to be caused by the students? lack of effort.

Då kriser blivit en allt vanligare del av organisationers vardag har forskningsområdet som behandlar detta växt kontinuerligt. Fältet kallas crisis management och angriper organisationskriser från två perspektiv, dels planeringen inför framtida kriser och dels hanteringen av krisen när den väl brutit ut. I denna uppsats har vi valt att fokusera på den förstnämnda aspekten och undersökt och analyserat hur Upplands Lokaltrafik AB (UL) utefter vårt teoretiska ramverk arbetar med planering för kriser. För att undersöka detta har vi genomfört en intervju med företagets informationschef, tillika ansvarig för UL:s krisplanering, samt studerat deras dokumenterade krishanteringsplan. Vår undersökning visar att de inom organisationen arbetar målmedvetet med de olika delarna av krisplaneringen, ett arbete som fortlöpande uppdateras allt eftersom nya lärdomar dras.

This paper examines how individual social welfare officers argue about the conditions in foreign aid. The paper is a qualitative interview study there nine social welfare officers from four local governments have been interviewed.The results are divided into two areas. First, the client's responsibility over their own lives   and self-determination. These two areas are then analyzed separately.The analysis assumes an aletisk hermeneutics where the basis for the attribution of the result is Max Weber's vocation ethics and the more recent research about foreign aid.The conclusion of the study was that social workers believe that the client's responsibility for their own self-sufficiency outweighs supply. Financial assistance must be justified in order to be paid regardless of whether this causes rejection of application for financial aid..

Women ledaers and profitability, is there a correlation? Earlier research show different outcome on the correlation between women leaders and profitability. A Swedish consultant firm, Caran has a belief that more women leaders would create more financial profit, we ask us if that is the true situation. Using two different IC measurement methods we have shown the difficulties in calculate intagible resources, which methods that can/ can not be used and if women leders create financial value. We found the women leaders in Caran to add more value per dollar spent on the woman leaders than the value added per dollar spent on men leaders.

Det a?r inte la?ngre en fra?ga om huruvida en organisation kommer att drabbas av en kris, utan det a?r snarare fra?gan om na?r. Det har skett en utveckling inom diskursen fo?r kriskommunikation. Fokus ligger nu vid hur organisationer fo?rebygger och fo?rbereder fo?r dessa extraordina?ra ha?ndelser snarare a?n att reagera na?r krisen va?l har intra?ffat.Denna studie syftar till att vidga diskursen inom krishantering i en svensk kontext genom att underso?ka svenska myndigheter och deras fo?rma?ga att vara proaktiva na?r det ga?ller krishantering, det vill sa?ga arbeta redan fo?re en kris.

This essay presents a business plan for the idea of a Pet Shop in Stockholm. The initial purpose of the essay was to investigate weather the company would be financially profitable or not. During the process we encountered problems and pitfalls that we felt contributed to the fact that our business idea is yet not realized. Therefore the second purpose of describing the process that an entrepreneur goes through when starting a new business came about. Besides the business plan for Pet Shop we present a selection of the theories that we found relevant for our situation, among others behaviour of entrepreneurial teams, network theory and execution.

Introduction: The concept of CSR was first coined in the 1950?s and refers to corporate vol-untary work to contribute to a sustainable society. In Sweden, companies within the finance sector are among the worst when it comes to implementing CSR in their daily work. The debate on whether companies should engage in CSR activities or not, is extremely relevant nowadays. Right now we are facing a time where the demand on companies to take their social responsi-bility becomes more intensified.

SammanfattningMiFID, direktiv om marknader för finansiella instrument är ett nytt europeiskt regelverk för den finansiella sektorn som träder i kraft den 1: a november 2007. Direktivet syftar till att förstärka konkurrenskraften för den finansiella sektorn, förbättra konsumentskyddet samt inkludera hela utbudet av finansiella tjänster och produkter. Då MiFID: s införlivande i svenska lag försenades fick de svenska värdepappersföretagen under 2007 en relativt kort tidsperiod på sig att anpassa sina verksamheter till de nya bestämmelserna. Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka vilka svårigheter tre svenska värdepappersföretag erfarit vid arbetet med att anpassa deras verksamheter till de nya bestämmelserna i MiFID. Vi har studerat direktivet och jämfört med nuvarande regleringar samt genomfört fyra intervjuer, varav tre med svenska värdepappersföretag av varierande storlek.

The aim of this thesis is to investigate which the main determinants of capital structure in Swedish listed firms are and to identify which incentives lies behind managers choice of capital structure determinants. Further, the study investigates whether the Post Keynesian theory and theories which incorporate behavioral aspects can be used to explain the capital structure decisions or if the traditional Neoclassical theory give an better explanation. We have used a qualitative method to analyze the determinants of capital structure and the managers incentives behind capital structure decision. We conducted a survey which was sent to 83 Chief Financial Managers and financial executives in Swedish firms listed on Mid Cap or Large Cap. The questionnaire was on-line which enabled for the respondents to quickly and convenient respond.

Background: Funds have become a more popular way for investments. After the Financial crisis in 2008 there was some sectors that shown a better results than other depending if the sector was affected by the economic situation or not. Therefore can  investments in sector funds be a good way to get a high return, but it also has a high risk.Problem: Has the risk any impact on the return considered funds in sectors that is affected by the economic situation relatively to sectors that isn?t affected by the situation in the economy?Purpose: Determine whether sector funds risk has any impact on the return. Also if there are any differences between sectors depending if they are affected by the economic situation or not.

The survey describes a number of risks that Swedish farming companies are exposed to. The risk areas covered by the survey are currency risks, price risks and financial risks. The survey further describes why these risks have a great impact on the future development of the farming companies. The survey highlights the interrelation between the risks and the measures which can be used to minimize the risks, so-called financial instruments. The aim of the survey is to put focus on above mentioned risks and describe how these risks can be reduced to prevent the Swedish farming industry from stagnating in the future. The survey is a secondary survey whereby existing knowledge about risks and risk management is applied to farming companies. The written information on price risks and hedging is primarily derived from foreign sources.