Syftet med denna uppsats är att skapa förståelse för, varför företag väljer att outsourca sin ekonomifunktion utomlands, samt identifiera eventuella oförutsedda kostnader. För att illustrera detta genomförs en fallstudie på företaget Dell. Våra data har vi inhämtat genom en kvalitativ undersökning i form av en fallstudie på företaget Dell. Vi har valt att genomföra en längre intervju med två nyckelpersoner på det svenska kontoret i Solna. I teoriavsnittet presenteras litteratur och artiklar om vad outsourcing är och innebär samt forskningsartiklar gjorda om varför företag outsourcar sin ekonomifunktion och vad de önskar uppnå.

Purpose: The purpose of the study is to in a comparative and causal way explore whether there is a relationship between risk and return and also how it is perceived on the Nordic financial markets.Theory: The theoretical frame of reference applied in the thesis is considered relevant inthe perspective of the study?s purpose and research questions. We have among other theories used The Capital Asset Pricing Model, The Efficient Market Hypothesis and various Behavioural Finance theories.Method: The study has its starting point in a quantitative approach with a quantitative data analysis supported by secondary data extracted from Thomson Reuters.Empirics: The empirics contains regression analyses made from calculated secondary data of 240 randomly chosen companies from Nasdaq OMX Stockholm, NasdaqOMX Copenhagen, Nasdaq OMX Helsinki and Oslo Bors.Conclusion: The study conclusions show that there are both a negative and positive relationship between volatility and actual return on the investigated markets. Considering this prior statement we can conclude that the Capital Asset Pricing Model can?t correctly describe the actual relationship between the parameters investigated on the current sample.

In Dar es Salaam, as in many cities in developing countries, green areas are decreasing due to the fact that the growth of buildings, infrastructure and services has become a priority. As the population increases more buildings and infrastructure are needed and much of the building activity takes the form of uncontrolled settlements, which encroaches the public green space. Dar es Salaam has approximately three million inhabitants, of which about 70 percent are living in informal settlements. The aim with this study is to make a design proposal for a park and recreation area where the Msimbazi river basin in the centre of Dar es Salaam is today. The basin consist of a few playing fields, footpaths and some urban farming, but apart from this it mostly consists of unused grasslands, swamps and forests. Because it is an unsafe place and badly connected to the rest of the city infrastructure, it has become a barrier. The annual flood combined with the constant still shallow water creates a good breading ground for malaria mosquitoes.

The main purpose of recruiting is to find a job candidate who meets the demands of formal and informal competence at the same time as the candidate should be seen as the right person to the right place. Several job advertisements in the areas of Finance and administration has at least two years of work experience as a demand before individuals can be seen as an appropriate job-candidate, hence it becomes a sort of ?catch-22? for graduates with no prior work experience. The purpose of this study is to create a better understanding for recruiters? approach and attitude to hiring individuals who only have a university degree.

The aim of this thesis is to present, investigate and especially to analyse the legal rules that apply in the process of changing of the generation of the ownership of Swedish agriculture and forestry family business. The methods that this study include are: unplanned succession of ownership, i.e. inheritance, and planned succession of ownership, i.e. gift and purchase. The succession method that is the most cost efficient must be established in every single case depending on the situation of the current owners and the successors.

A debate in Finance is whether a random investment gives the same return as carefully choose and valuing an amount of shares to invest in. Stock valuating Stock valuation is often done by fundamental valuation models, based on the company's underlying character, which tries to put a correct price on the stock. Today there are several different valuation models that can be used for this purpose. Since valuation models are only mathematical, equity research is underpinned by more subjective assessments about the company and its future.The purpose with this thesis is to describe which valuation models that are used by professional stock analysts, but also to see if the reliability on the equity research is affected by the used model to valuing the company. Furthermore, we want to see if the job that?s been done to understand the company, measured by the equity research quality, impact the reliability on the equity research.In this thesis, we have, to achieve our purpose, conducted a quantitative content analysis of 164 equity research done by professional analysts at firms listed on the Stockholm Stock Exchange. With basis in previous research, we have developed a method for determining the valuation model that is used in the equity research, the reliability on the equity research and a framework for assessing the quality of the equity research.In the theoretical framework the valuation models involved in our study are described, previous research on the reliability on the equity research and their practical use.

Bakgrund: Kinesiska bolag på den amerikanska OTC-listan är idag ofta associerade med bluffar och dålig kommunikation gentemot aktieägarna. Detta gör att den amerikanska marknaden inte har ett förtroende för dessa bolag. Denna opålitlighet från marknadens sida har resulterat i att många av de kinesiska bolagen blivit felvärderade. För de legitima bolagen leder det till att de blir undervärderade. Frågan som uppstår här är: Kan ett bolag få en mer rättvis värdering genom att noteras på en marknadsplats utanför USA exempelvis i Sverige?Syfte: Denna studie har till syfte att undersöka hur en övergång för ett kinesiskt bolag från en OTC-lista i USA till en senior lista på den reglerade börsmarknaden i Sverige påverkar värderingen av bolaget.Genomförande: Studien är utformad till en kvantitativ undersökning.

BackgroundAccording to the Swedish Statistics Central Office (SCB) there were 2 064 000 detached houses in Sweden in 2009. The same year Nordea Bank released a report which described an increased interest in private Finances among 2,4 million Swedes. Within the area of private Finances lies that which concerns real estate. We argue that a house (detached house) is one of the most financially valuable assets a person will ever own and thus the increased interest in private Finance is justified.In regard to this, the financial valuation of the property becomes an issue. When discussed, people mostly refer to the market value, which is the estimated value of the property on the open market.

BackgroundThis paper is based on an issue raised by the organization Energigas Sverige, which together with the Ministry of Finance has posed the question about the fiscal impact of an increase in biogas production. Since the fiscal effects of an increased biogas production are both positive and negative, due to reduced use of fossil fuels, we want to investigate this further.PurposeThe purpose is to describe and explain the obtained fiscal impacts of an increased biogas production and based on our problem: ?What are the obtained fiscal effects caused by an increase in biogas production?? we could see the following fiscal effects: positive impact on employment, increased revenues of social security contributions and income taxes, reduced unemployment costs and reduced tax revenues on fossil fuels. These effects are summarized in a negative tax revenue of 2,6 billion SEK. Along the summarized negative effect we also accepted one of the two prepared hypotheses, which stated that an increase in biogas production leads to a negative fiscal impact. Design/Methodology/ApproachWe have chosen to work from an Anglo-Saxon scientific tradition and furthermore, we have a positivistic approach when we want to explain the relationship between cause and effect of an increase in biogas production and the following fiscal impacts.

SammanfattningTitel: Imorgon blir det börsfall! En studie om hur olika börser påverkar varandra i fördröjning.Seminariedatum: 28 maj, 2012Ämne/kurs: FEK 61-90 Kandidatuppsats i Corporate Finance, 15 poäng Författare: Stefan Koch, Malin Molin Handledare: Hans MörnerExaminator: Kent SahlgrenNyckelord: Anomali, anomalier, veckodagseffekt, måndagseffekt, index, korrelation, S&P 500, OMXS 30, effektiva marknadshypotesenSyfte: Att undersöka ifall en eventuell anomali på det svenska OMXS 30 indexet eller det amerikanska S&P 500 ger en effekt på nästföljande dag på det motsatta indexet. Om en veckodagseffekt kan påvisas och den fördröjda korrelationen mellan indexen är tillräckligt stark kan metoden användas för att generera överavkastning.  Metod: Vi använder oss av en kvantitativ ansats för att med hjälp av statistiska metoder svara på vår problemformulering. De metoder vi har använt är hypotestestning av medelvärden med ett z test, beräknat korrelationskoefficienten mellan de två indexen och utfört en multipel regressionsanalys med dummyvariabler.Slutsats: Genom vår analys kom vi fram till att en veckodagseffekt inte kan påvisas på någon av de två undersökta indexen. En korrelation kunde finnas mellan de två indexen, däremot går det att ifrågasätta om korrelationens styrka är tillräckligt stark att handla utifrån. För att generera överavkastning krävs dessutom att den extra avkastning som genereras med hjälp utav vår metod med korta aktieaffärer överstiger den eventuella transaktionskostnaden som uppstår vid aktiehandel, något vi starkt betvivlar att den gör..

The main purpose of the essay was to evaluate whether investments in index-linked bonds were suitable investments for smaller investors on the international Finance market. To determine whether the index-linked bonds are good investments, the variables yield, cost and risk were used to measure the index-linked bonds against investments in stocks and funds. The reason for the interest in this subject is that investments in index-linked bonds have grown furiously the last few years. With the growth of the investments the criticism of index-linked bonds has also grown stronger. The critics? main point is the cost of the product, and they imply that investors can create their own index-linked bond and thereby avoid the bank fees.This study used a quantitative approach, because all the data of yield, cost and risk consist of numbers.

This study is an initial attempt to investigate the relationship between banks and developers in Stockholm and its regions. It gives a good impression about the field of construction and project developments in terms of the Finance and the negotiations associated with these types of projects. Main actors of the Stockholm?s construction financing market were of major interest for this study. On this regard, the relationships and ramifications of this group were investigated by using a qualitative and quantitative research method.

In the 1970s and 1980s, Sweden held about 15-20 certified health resorts that wanted to improve peoples? health with vegetarian food and alternative medicine. This essay aims to explore the popularity of health resorts through a patient?s perspective. What did the patients look for at the resort, which they could not find in the official health care? A basis for the analysis is Bonnie Blair O´Connor?s theory of Health Belief Systems.

Today  Real  estate  companies  face  the  challenge  where  extensive  renovations  on  existinghousing built before 1980 must be performed. Conditions have changed and the housing need performance-­?enhancing measures that meet today's quality. With a current renovation rate,  it  would  take  30  years  to  meet  the  renovation  needs.  The  renovation  rate  must therefore rise dramatically, which requires the real estate companies to act consistently in accordance with commercial principles and in an economically, socially and environmentally responsible way.The  paper  discusses  renovation  strategies  in  four  municipal  housing  companies  in  the Stockholm  suburbs.  The  report  includes  surveys  of  four  ongoing  renovation  projects; Fastighets AB Förvaltaren in Sundbyberg project Hundloken 3, Stiftelsen Signalisten in Solna project Ritorp, Sollentunahem in Sollentuna project Svalgången och Väsbyhem in Upplands Väsby project Dragonvägen. The main purpose of this study was to analyze the practices of redevelopment projects.

The wind power increase of Gotland as well as other parts of Sweden during the last ten year period has meant that this renewable energy source has increased its share over other fossil sources. The year of 2011 became the first when the wind power produced more energy than an average nuclear reactor. Now that wind power is in an expansive phase, the land issue will be of great interest. Land with good wind resources will be of interest to wind energy developers. The problems that this essay is based on are; how can landowners altering the economic conditions at a wind power establishment? What opportunities and obstacles exist for landowners who choose to set up wind power on their land? The purpose of this essay is to highlight the economic conditions that exist for landowners for the establishment of wind farms, with regard to compensation for the leasing and return on invested capital.