Bakgrund: Utifrån erfarenheter och teoretisk kunskap har sjuksköterskestudenter uppmärksammat hur stereotyper kring kön finns starkt närvarande i sjukvården. Vården är dominerad av kvinnor men styrs av maktstrukturer utifrån patriarkala hierarkier. Problem: Kan förutfattade meningar om vad som är manligt och kvinnligt bli ett hinder för personcentrerad vård? Förminskas patienten från att vara en individ till att bli en generalisering utifrån genusnormer? Kan sjukvården bortse från fördomsfulla vårdkulturer gällande könsstereotyper i mötet med patienten? Syfte: Att beskriva hur sjuksköterskor upplever att genus påverkar den personcentrerade vården. Metod: Examensarbetet är en empirisk intervjustudie som använder en kvalitativ manifest innehållsanalys av obearbetat material.

The purpose of my study is to highlight how children at preschool are affected by adult?s awareness of norms and interpretations of masculinity and Femininity. The essay shows examples of boys? and girls´ expectations of each other and the preconceived notions of what boys and girls should or can do, and how we pedagogues relate to this matter. One example is about an encounter with a mother, where we have different opinions about her son´s wishes to be Lucia instead of Santa Claus.

The thesis examines how sex/gender and sexuality are represented through text and images within the Internet community Sylvia whose primary target group is girls. Through an examination of the aesthetics, the member rules and the choices that constitute the framework for the site, the study observes Sylvia as a cultural context. In relation to this setting, the ten most visited member profiles at the time for the study are more closely examined. These profiles are studied from a constructivist view of sex/gender and are analysed from the perspective of feminist and quee r theory as well as in the light of feministic debates concerning sexuality and erotica. The thesis shows how Internet as a forum and the non-heterosexual context Sylvia open up for a constructivist understanding of sex/gender and also leads to a questioning of "masculinity" and "Femininity".

Syftet med denna studie var att se vilka budskap angående hälsa och träning som de tryckta medierna, i detta fall SOLO Magazine och Women?s Health, sänder ut. Dessutom undersöktes hur dessa budskap tolkades av läsarna, hur dessa förhåller sig till tryckta respektive sociala medier samt hur de uppfattar att kvinnor porträtteras i media. Studien grundar sig i Stuart Halls kommunikationsmodell encoding/decoding och omfattar en receptionsstudie som är baserad på en retorisk textanalys och därefter en analys av deltagarnas avkodning. Läsarna representerades i denna studie av två fokusgrupper där samtliga deltagare föll inom de valda mediernas målgrupp; kvinnor i åldrarna 18-35.

This thesis highlights starting points underlying the notions of two feminist utopians, Christine de Pizan and Charlotte Perkins Gilman. In approaching their texts, it focuses on the notions central to understand their writings. These would be historical, social, and cultural contexts. Defining concepts as utopian in its varying forms and feminism has been of significance. A feministic approach grounded in Simone de Beauvoirs philosophical phenomenology in the study of feministic utopia's visibility, has contributed to the understanding of the power structures to which women are tethered. In order to understand the way women are presented, it has become obvious that The Book of the City of Ladies and Herland are literary works that are related not only by their authors? background and personality but by the society in which they lived. Through their engagement in the contemporary intellectual debate on all social planes, both authors contributed to shifting the focus of their own contemporary notions of a woman to the notion of a woman equal to men. Woman, in Christine de Pizans utopia, is given specific properties and through themes of issues given meaning. She is not free in the sense that Simone de Beauvoir says.  She has a broader repertoire than was historically assigned, but her freedom is not arbitrary, contingent, and temporary and judged by her actions.

SammanfattningJag har analyserat fem debattartiklar, tre skrivna av Linda Skugge, författare och skribent i Expressen, och två av Sara Stridsberg, författare och frilansande journalist, i den så kallade ?bimbodebatten? som har pågått i flera år där kända kvinnor har kritiserats i media på grund av sitt ickerespektabla förhållningssätt till sig själv och sin kropp, exempelvis gällande utvik, silikoninlägg, klädstil osv. De texter jag har valt ut berör samtliga Linda Rosing, känd från dokusåpan Big Brother. Som en debatt mellan två personer förhåller sig texterna tydligt till varandra. Det hela startade med att Linda Skugge kritiserade Linda Rosing mycket hårt varefter Sara Stridsberg gick in och försvarade henne.Jag har analyserat texterna utifrån Beverly Skeggs respektabilitetsbegrepp, och har även kompletterat med Pierre Bourdieu för att synliggöra de olika aktörernas positioner i det sociala rummet, bland annat med hjälp av hans begrepp kapital och habitus.Nyckelord: Kvinnlighet, respektabilitet, bimbo, bimbodebatten, Linda Rosing, Linda Skugge, Sara Stridsberg.AbstractMy analyse is of five debate articles, three written by Linda Skugge, Swedish writer and journalist, and two written by Sara Stridsberg, Swedish writer and freelancing journalist, concerning the ?bimbodebate? which has been going on for several years where famous women have been criticised for their non respectable way of presenting their body.

Cover Story is a project, which students at Lillholms - and Ekholms School worked in during spring and fall of 2009. Several school subjects were integrated in project; social studies, art and Swedish, to empower the students to create, implement and design a magazine. The purpose of the project was to give the students the opportunity to fantasize about the future and their dreams by creating their very own Cover Story. During the project I realized that the student?s selection of magazine genre had a direct relation to the gender of the students themselves.

Due to the developments in today's gender discussions, this essay aimed at investigating the gendered constructions and encouragements to consumption. As a former fashion student I have a special interest in the commercial constructions featured in fashion magazines, especially since advertising, fashion and perceptions of gender have long walked hand in hand. Just as feminism studies have shown Femininity being a fluid identity, recent studies of masculinities, media and culture are also showing changes in the depictions of men.The aim was to clarify how fashion magazines encourage men and women to consume products and ideals, and also discuss the gender constructions occurring in the junction of editorial and commercial text (articles and advertisements). The analysis was thereof based on three main questions:-       How is consumption encouraged in male and female fashion magazines?-       What kind of gendered pattern appears in the junction of advertisement and editorial text?-       With regard to the gender constructions, what is the reader encouraged to consume?The theoretical framework of the analysis was based on gender studies and political economy, mostly describing a commercial perception of feminine journalism and a new metrosexual expression in men?s fashion and lifestyle magazines.By using a combination of quantitative (content analysis) and qualitative (semiotics) approach two fashion magazines, Elle and King Magazine (published in May 2013) were used as representatives of fashion magazines in general.The results showed clear differences between the sexes.

Can the need for inclusion result in certain social norms remain unchallenged, and over time become hard to identify? To ?fit in? and be accepted in different social contexts we have to behave according to the dominating rules and conventions. We accept characteristics and make use of attributes specific for the group we want to be a part of. When we accept these attributes we contribute to keep the concept of them alive. Further on these attributes will be picked up by the next person who wants to become a part of that specific context.

AbstractMaster?s Thesis in Comparative literatureTitle: Ghettoiserade Vampyrer. En studie av barnvampyrlitteratur och dess betydelse för vampyrlitteraturgenren (Ghettoized Vampires. A study of children?s vampire literature and its significance for the vampire literature genre)Writer: Peter KostenniemiDepartment of Literature, History of Ideas and ReligionSupervisor: Anna NordenstamExaminer: Yvonne LefflerKey Words: Vampire literature, children?s literature, Der kleine Vampir, Nattens BørnIn vampire literature research the focus usually lies on adult and, to some extent, young adult fiction.

Problem: Kvinnor har länge varit underrepresenterade i styrelsesammansättningar runt om i världen. Sverige är ett land som främjar likvärdighet och anses därför vara ett av världens mest jämställda länder. Andelen kvinnor i svenska styrelser har ökat under de senaste årtiondena, men trots detta är de svenska bolagsstyrelserna inte jämställda. Ibland används argumenten att fler kvinnor i styrelsen ökar lönsamheten och effektiviteten i bolaget i syfte att öka kvinnoandelen. Till följd av detta har det internationellt genomförts många studier för att undersöka om bolag med heterogena styrelser har bättre lönsamhet än bolag med homogena styrelser.

AimThe aim of the study is to find out if, and in that case how, the sports movement creates and reproduces norms and values regarding sex and sexuality. Questions to be answered are: Which experiences do non-heterosexual women have of everyday activities in the Swedish sports movement? How are norms on sex and sexuality visible in practice? Are there mechanisms/practices that challenge these norms? Finally, the results are discussed in relation to two policy documents from the National Organization of Sports (RF); ?Sports Wants? and ?Policy and plan of action against sexual harassment and sexual discrimination within sports?.MethodSince the aim was to understand, and not to generalize and quantify, a procedure of qualitative interviews was chosen. Ten non-heterosexual women were interviewed concerning their experiences of the Swedish sports movement. They were active (or had recently been) at different levels in the following sports: basketball, soccer, floor ball, ice hockey, bandy and volleyball.

Syfte och frågeställningar: Det övergripande syftet handlar om att undersöka hur villkoren för killars och mäns deltagande i ridsportverksamheter gestaltas i berättelser om ridsport. Annorlunda uttryckt är jag intresserad av hur kön konstrueras, eller ?görs?, i killars och mäns ridsportberättelser. Centrala frågeställningar är: Hur hanteras killarnas och männens könsgränsöverskridande i berättelserna? Vilka normer och föreställningar kring kön och sexualitet blir synliga i berättelserna? Hur positionerar sig killarna och männen i förhållande till rådande köns- och sexualitetsnormer?Metodologi: Studien bygger på kvalitativa intervjuer med 19 killar och män, 13 till 55 år gamla, aktiva på såväl bredd som tävlingsnivå i verksamheter knutna till Svenska Ridsportförbundet.

In order to answer the question in the title, a cross-cultural analysis of two countries was done. Countries chosen were the Republic of Latvia and the Kingdom of Spain. The need for this research was suggested by increased cross-border business activities inside the European Union, and the lack of previous studies involving new Member States. The aim of the research was to see what environmental factors influence advertising adaptation in the European Union, as well as to evaluate the applicability of a standardisation approach. According to the theory, there are three external factors that influence the creation of a global advertising.

Equality between men and women has as an ideal won an increasing impact on the contemporary Swedish society and has established as a factor influencing all areas of society from politics to business and private life. The focus of this essay is to explore the impact of equality on hegemonic masculinity and relations of masculinities. The aim of the essay has moreover been to investigate the consequences of an increased focus on men and critique of masculinity due to a growing influence of feminism and women?s movement in Sweden. The study is based on interviews with four members of staff working in a men?s clinic for sexual and reproductive health in Stockholm, Järva Mansmottagning.