Back in the 1950s Marilyn Monroe and her hourglass shaped body was the aesthetic ideal for how models were to look like. Nowadays, the tide has turned. Research has shown that Female models are becoming increasingly taller, narrower and straighter. This trend has occurred despite the fact that both men and women (still) prefer medium sized women with curvy bodies. This essay examines if this trend can be justified from a marketer's perspective.

The purpose of this study is to map out and to analyze the spatial variation of Female representation at the national level in established democracies. The aim is also to explain the variation in the Female representation. The main questions that the paper tries to answer are:1.How does women representation in established democratic parliaments vary?2.Why does women representation in established democratic parliaments vary?This study is a comparative and statistic study, i.e. a study that includes a bigger number of countries and where quantitative analysis methods are used in order to achieve comparative analyses.

The purpose of this study has been to examine how Female probation officers construct the concept of women who commit crime. This have been done by examining how the probation officers describe the phenomenon from their own point of view, how they perceive society's view of the phenomenon, how they describe the women's self-images and how their own perceptions affect the treatment of these women. To fulfill this aim the study is based on qualitative interviews with five Female probation officers. We analyzed their statements by using Gender theory, Goffmans stigma term and Beckers deviant term. The result of this study shows that women who commit crime are described more as victims than offenders and that they are constructed as deviant in two ways; both in relation to the law but also in relation to their gender.

IIUniversity of KalmarSchool of Human SciencesPolitical ScienceTitle ? Jag förstår inte varför svenska manliga politiker är så rädda för de kvinnligapolitikerna?Author: Git Franzen Ekström  IIUniversity of KalmarSchool of Human SciencesPolitical ScienceTitle ? Jag förstår inte varför svenska manliga politiker är så rädda för de kvinnligapolitikerna?Author: Git Franzen EkströmAbstractIn the year of 2007, Sweden was the most equal country in the world, and the Philippines wasranked as number six of 128 countries, by the organization World Economic Forum. Thisthesis is a study of Female politicians and power in Sweden and in the Philippines. Do theFemale politicians perceive that they have just as much power as the males have? I haveinterviewed 18 Female politicians in a small city in Sweden, and 12 Female politicians in thelocal and provincial politic in the Philippines.

As a starting point the society is more enlightened and has gained a greater awareness about the gender power structures and its different forms. Present research shows the continuous development into other shapes and comes into different expressions that might be unrecognised. In order to gain knowledge about the present structure of the gender power structure system, the aim of this study was to investigate framing of Female and male politicians in media. The main question asked was: ?are there framing differences in the portraits of the male and Female politicians?? In order to achieve results articles in the biggest Swedish daily newspaper were examined.

The primary aim of this thesis is to examine Female lawyers' relationships to information from different angles. The starting-point is that the legal information, retrieved from through different information sources, is not free from values and subjectivity. The commonly presumed objectivity of legal information is questioned, based on the fact that this kind of information has developed and changed historically in the context of, and in relation to, society. Another aim is to find out how the Female lawyers experience their situation in a traditionally masculine working environment. Qualitative interviews have been carried out with seven Female lawyers involving questions about their daily work about the sources that they are using.

My work is based on a text analysis of media production of the Female offender. I found it interesting how women were presented as victims rather than perpetrators. The media have in recent years grown tremendously and this also impacts on people and what is important. The notion of how a woman should be and how a Female offender should be is extreme. The material for my work is articles found on the Internet in daily newspapers websites.

The last ten years two major movies about journalists have been made in Sweden; Sprängaren and Män som hatar kvinnor. This study has looked closer at the heroine Annika Bengtsson and the hero Mikael Blomkvist from these two movies. Since movies do have great influence on how we see the world it is important to find out how these characters are being portrayed. Also, in a time when journalism is about to become a Female dominant occupation it is relevant to see how the Female journalist compares to the male. It is important to ensure that the films do not give a wrongful picture of male and Female journalists.

AbstractThis paper is a study in press reception with the intent to examine how twelve Female actionheroes have been portrayed in Swedish media between 1974 ? 2006. The purpose is to discern patterns and differences in how the Female movie character is received by their contemporary journalists and to relate their views to social and gender related theories. The Female actionhero is an independent and brutal character, often alone and without a mother or a child. This separates her from typical Female roles, which historically been characterized by passivity, fear and dependency on the male characters in the movie. The Female actionhero as a character opens up for complex reception. One perspective in the research identifies the independent woman as a feministic icon.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a relatively common endocrine disease in dogs and is more common in certain breeds than others, e.g. Nordic spitz breeds. Within the Swedish and Norwegian Elkhound population, Female dogs are almost exclusively affected. The hypothesis in this study is that Swedish- and Norwegian Elkhounds develop DM during the progesterone phase of estrous (diestrous or pregnancy). Medical records from 51 Female dogs of the breeds Swedish and Norwegian Elkhound were studied.

The object of this study is the Female user of amphetamines and the characteristica which she is often described by. Many of these descriptions regard the Female amphetamine user's sexuality which also have come to form the assumption that these women make a living from having sexual relations with men in exchange of drugs.In order to be able to draw any kind of conclusions regarding this, we found it necessary to investigate how the stereotypical Female user of amphetamines makes a living and also whether it is possible for a Female drug user to decide for her self how to support her habit.The disposition is a qualitative study of literature and the perspectives that we focused on in this study are gender roles, relationships and sexuality, criminality and finally the drug using woman as a victim. The theories used deal with social constructivism, respectability and shame.The main discussion of our study has been how women amphetamine users are moulded to become victims through interaction with other people but also with the society as a whole..

Traditionally and historically certain jobs have been recognized as male or Female professions leading to the assumption that the barrier crossing men and women working in these gender atypical jobs are being less masculine and less feminine. The aim of this study is to examine similarities and differences among male social workers and Female police officers in the experience of being a gender minority in their workplace and how it effects the construction of their gender identity. Working with a qualitative approach and using semi-constructed interviews the study was conducted by interviewing a total of five social workers and four Female police officers, in six different communities, about their personal experiences of being a gender minority in a gender atypical job. The result shows both differences and similarities between the genders and their occupation; on a personal level neither of the respondents seemed to have a problem working in a gender atypical job although admitting that working in a ?Female? and ?male? profession  had effects on their personality but not on how they viewed themselves as men or women.

The purpose of this paper is to examine how the relationship between the socially constructed genders is manifested in American library science. To visualize gender, bibliometric analyses of peer reviewed articles published in three core journals of library science between 1980 and 2000 inclusive, are performed. The three journals are: College and Research Libraries, Journal of Academic Librarianship and Library Quarterly. Questions: 1. Does gender affect the publishing process regarding the distribution of Female and male authors? 2.

Over the last decades there has been a steady increase in the representation of women on the political arena. Despite of this there are still fewer women in comparison to men in political organs particularly at the municipal level. It is therefore of great importance to examine which different factors that tend to effect the Female representation at this level. Doctor of philosophy at Umeå University Jessika Wide presented in a study from 2000 that the share of women in the municipal councils tended to depend upon cultural, socio-economical and political factors. Other scholars also mean that women have specific interests and therefore are more represented in some areas.

This report is an analysis from a gender perspective of more than three hundred minutes in sports broadcasting on SVT and TV4. The study explains how air time is divided between male and Female athletes as well as which sports, male or Female, get the most air time. The sports are also categorized according to attitudes about the sports being masculine, feminine or neutral. In this way the study also shows the categories of sports that are given the most airtime.Our view before the study was that from a media perspective, the Swedish sports world was very male dominated. The results show that male athletes get more exposure than Female athletes on both channels, this despite the fact that the membership of the Swedish sports clubs is fairly evenly divided between men and women. .