African swine fever, ASF, was first described 1921, in Kenya. The virus has thereafter spread through many African countries as well as in Europe, Asia, South- and Central America. The virus is spread via three different cycles, of which one is sylvatic and includes warthogs and soft ticks. The other two are between domestic pigs and the one most common one is caused by humans, who not always realize the seriousness of precautions. The infection manifests as hemorrhagic fever, but can also be more or less unnoticed. The aim of this study was to use molecular tools to detect and partly genetically characterize ASFV both in soft ticks and in serum from domestic pigs in Uganda. Comparing viruses detected in ticks with those detected in domestic pigs I also wanted to investigate possible links between the sylvatic and domestic cycle.

The reason why I choose the subject ?Warts on teats of Dairy Cows? was because the herd I work with has big problems with skin-complaint on teats and udder. So I found it interesting to try to find the reason why the cows look like they do and even to find a way to relieve the trouble. The examine work included both a literature research, an experimental test, concerning a comparison of different teat sprays and also an inquiry-research about the occurrence of warts in practical herds in order to collect as much facts as possible. Three companies, selling different types of teat disinfectants, were willing to sponsor the teat dipping experiment. The aim of the experiment was to see if any special disinfectant had more pronounced healing effects on teat warts. The date for the experiment was 18th December 2004 to 22nd January 2005, which was going to be 5 weeks.The experiment was carried out in the herd of Ola and Eskil Carlsson in Fjärlöv, Hässleholm. The three compared teat spray chemicals were; Nova Viri Sun, Nardosept, and BlockadeTM. These chemicals were compared to one control group, which teats were treated with the ordinary chemical normally used in the herd, i.e.

Rotavirus causes diarrhea in young mammals all over the world, including infant humans. The diarrhea leads to severe dehydration that can be fatal if left untreated. The dehydration can be treated with fluid therapy and the infection heals itself. Despite the relatively easy treatment half a million children under the age of five dies every year due to diarrhea caused by rotavirus. Rotavirus sorts into the family Reoviridae and is a double-stranded RNA virus with a segmented genome.

Rotavirus causes diarrhea in young mammals all over the world, including infant humans. The diarrhea leads to severe dehydration that can be fatal if left untreated. The dehydration can be treated with fluid therapy and the infection heals itself. Despite the relatively easy treatment half a million children under the age of five dies every year due to diarrhea caused by rotavirus. Rotavirus sorts into the family Reoviridae and is a double-stranded RNA virus with a segmented genome.

Stick- och skärskador utgör den största risken för överföring av blodsmitta i sjukvården. De vanligaste smittämnena är hepatit B-virus, hepatit C-virus och HIV, som kan åstadkomma kronisk sjukdom och t o m vara letala. Därför måste förebyggande arbete för att undvika sådana skador prioriteras. Åtgärder vid tillbud eller skada finns beskrivna i arbetarskyddsstyrelsens regelverk. Riskbedömningar är gjorda för dessa virus och rutiner är utarbetade för upp-följning efter stickskada med provtagning och i vissa fall profylaktisk behandling.

Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is one of the leading causes of acute encephalitis in humans. The virus is spread by mosquitoes, mainly belonging to the Culex species. The main reservoirs are considered to be birds and pigs, with pigs constituting the most important reservoir in regard to human infection. During the last few decades the production of pork has increased significantly in Vietnam. With 90% of pigs being kept in households owning 10 pigs or less, pigs are widely spread across most parts of the country.

Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) är ett virus som först observerades hos en patient år 2012 på ett sjukhus i Saudiarabien. Viruset orsakar luftvägssymptom och ibland gastrointestinala symptom. Dödligheten hos människa är över 30%. Eftersom tidigare erfarenhet har visat att nya coronavirus ofta har sitt ursprung i en djurpopulation har många studier gjorts för att undersöka spridningen av MERS-CoV och förekomsten av en eller flera reservoirer. Denna litteraturstudie har som mål att undersöka vilka bevis det finns för dromedarens roll i smittspridningen av MERS-CoV. Då flera seroepidemiologiska studier gjorts som visar att MERS-CoV eller ett nära besläktat virus har cirkulerat i dromedarpopulationen i över 20 år har man gått vidare och undersökt bl.a.

This study had two different aims. The main aim was to investigate the dynamics and impact of African swine fever (ASF) on a farm in Uganda during a recent outbreak through a case study. The second aim was to estimate the presence of two important differential diagnoses of ASF: Classical swine fever (CSF) and Porcine Reproduction and Respiratory syndrome (PRRS).The field and laboratory based case study of the farm level dynamics of ASF virus during a recent outbreak (October-December 2010) on a farm in the district of Mityana, Uganda, was conducted, using interviews, ELISA and RT-PCR. The financial impact on the farm was also estimated. The impact of the outbreak was profound.

Utbrott med pneumoni i kalvbesättningar är förenat med både ökade arbetsinsatser och produktionsförluster för djurägaren. Av den anledningen är det av intresse att hålla sjukdomsutbrotten nere, något som ibland är lättare sagt än gjort då många olika infektionsagens samspelar med såväl miljöfaktorer som kalvens egen fysiologi vid etablering och spriding av luftvägsinfektioner.I den här studien ingick 30 förmedlingskalvar av mjölkras som ursprungligen köptes in från 10 olika besättningar för att ingå i ett försök på Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet (SLU) i Uppsala. Strax efter att kalvarna anlänt till stallokalerna insjuknade majoriteten av dem med varierande grad av luftvägssymptom, lös avföring/diarré och nedsatt allmäntillstånd, något som är mycket vanligt då kalvar från olika besättningar integreras. De kalvar som visade påtagliga symtom på luftvägsinfektion behandlades med penicillin-prokain. Blodprov togs från alla individer i samband med ankomst samt 19-34 dagar senare strax innan avlivning.

Bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) is the causative agent of a complex of disease syndromes in cattle with high economical and welfare impacts. BVDV occurs as two biotypes; cytopathic (BVDVcp) and noncytopathic (BVDVncp) determined by differential effects on cultured cells and can also be divided into two genotypes (BVDV1 and BVDV2) on the basis of genomic diversity. The interaction between BVDV and the host?s immune system is regarded a key aspect in the sequel of BVDV infection. Infection with BVDV normally causes an acute transient infection, with mild to subclinical signs, but occasionally results in severe and even fatal disease.

This study had two different aims. The main aim was to investigate the dynamics and impact of African swine fever (ASF) on a farm in Uganda during a recent outbreak through a case study. The second aim was to estimate the presence of two important differential diagnoses of ASF: Classical swine fever (CSF) and Porcine Reproduction and Respiratory syndrome (PRRS).The field and laboratory based case study of the farm level dynamics of ASF virus during a recent outbreak (October-December 2010) on a farm in the district of Mityana, Uganda, was conducted, using interviews, ELISA and RT-PCR. The financial impact on the farm was also estimated. The impact of the outbreak was profound.

African Swine Fever (ASF) is one of the most serious transboundary swine diseases because of its high lethality for pigs, socioeconomic consequences, rapid and international spread and the absence of either treatment or vaccine. This Sida Minor Field Study (MFS) was carried out during fall 2010, as part of a larger collaborative research project called ASFUganda, focusing on the epidemiology of the disease in Uganda. The aim with this study was to get more knowledge about the pathology in cases of ASF in Uganda, by studying macroscopic and microscopic lesions in pigs with acute and chronic ASF and to detect the ASF virus (ASFV) in tissues by immunohistochemistry. The pigs were selected from the two different geographical locations in Uganda, Mityana and Gulu district, both with on going confirmed outbreaks of ASF. Necropsies were performed in the field, and the laboratory procedures at the JICA (Japan International Cooperation Agency) Veterinary Pathology Laboratory, Entebbe, Uganda, and at the Department of BVF, SLU, Uppsala, Sweden. Three pigs from an outbreak of ASF in Mityana district showed both the history and the clinical symptoms typical for ASF.

Under åren 2005-2010 utförde en forskargrupp från Colorado State University studier på vaccinerade katter och fann att katter utvecklade antikroppar mot sina egna njurar efter vaccination med vanligt förekommande basvaccin mot parvovirus, calicivirus och herpesvirus. Virus till vaccinen är odlade på en celllinje från kattnjurar och går under benämningen Crandell Rees Feline Kidney. Antikropparna riktade sig mot antigen identifierade som annexin II och ?-enolas och man såg tecken på interstitiell nefrit hos 50 % av katter som hyperinokulerats med Crandell Rees Feline Kidney. Hos människa och mus har antikroppar mot ?-enolas och annexin II kopplats till autoimmuna sjukdomar och då framförallt immunologiska reaktioner mot njurcellerna.

Boskapspesten (eng. Rinderpest) deklarerades den 25e maj, 2011, vara utrotad från jorden. Det gör den till den andra infektiösa smittan människan utrotat. Sjukdomen är en av de äldsta noterade boskapssjukdomarna och har under historien orsakat miljontals dödsfall av nötboskap och mindre idisslare. Rinderpestviruset är ett höljeförsett, enkelsträngat, negativt RNA-virus, tillhörande genuset Morbillivirus, familj Paramyxoviridae. Sjukdomen det orsakar är mycket smittsam, med en mortalitet på upp till 90% i vissa fall.

Scrapie is an infectious neurologic disease in sheep caused by prions, corresponding to transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) in other species. The prion is presumably constituted of PrPSc, the misfolded form of the normal endogenous prion protein, PrPC, which is found in practically all cells in the body. PrPSc can induce a conformational change in PrPC and misfold it as an imprint of itself; this is how prions amplify and spread. The process of conformational change is poorly understood and there might exist intermediate forms between PrPC and PrPSc. Bioassay using mice has traditionally been the golden standard in prion studies but is limited by cost and time.