Stressful routines for animal handling can reduce immune function and productivity of animals. If stakeholders are handling animals aversively, animals will show increased expressions of Fear for humans and higher stress levels which lead to the compromise of animals? welfare. In Ethiopia, there are no legislations to protect animals from suffering or discomfort. The main objective of this study was therefore to analyse welfare of cattle on animal markets in Ethiopia and map out supply chains of animals to these markets.

We have in this field study been researching how social comfort is affected by the work of social services and their collaboration with police, schools and health care within a small village located countryside in the northern part of Sweden. The attribute which sets this village a part from most other small countryside villages is the fact that the crime rate is amongst the lowest in Sweden as well as the social security feeling within the inhabitants are amongst the highest. We traveled 2298 kilometers back and forth to be able to interview professionals and gather empiric material for this study. The method we have used for data collection has been in the form of semi structured interviews. We have used previous research concerning collaboration, social comfort, social discomfort and Fear of crime as our aid to analyze our findings with the help of theories regarding different types of communites (gemeinschaft and gesellschaft) invented by Ferdinand Tönnies (2001) and Human Service Organisation by Hasenfeld (1983).

Wermland was affected by the Spanish flu like the Swedish national average, about a half percentage of Wermlands population would lose their lives to the flu during the autumn 1918. The flu has for many fallen into oblivion. This oblivion is so wide spread that it´s possible to talk about a "collective forgetfulness". The society have selected to remember 1918 for "when the guns went quiet on the western front" and not for the millions who died from the treacherous Spanish flu. The world had already suffered enough from the four years of war that had been fought, thus the victims of the flu would be honored but would soon fade in to oblivion.  When you investigate deeper you get the picture that the national average don´t do Wermland and its cities or rural areas any justice when a large variations seems to occur within regional areas.

ABSTRACTAbout 17% of all deliveries in Akademiska Sjukhuset end with caesarean section. The purpose of the survey was to study parental pairs experience to undergo a caesarean section and experience of information about surgery. The aim was also to see if there were differences between those undergoing a planned or an emergency caesarean section, as well as differences between the birthing women and their partners. 100 couples participated in the study and answered a questionnaire 1-3 days after they had undergone surgery. The result showed that the vast majority of parental pairs were satisfied with the information they received before the caesarean section.

The aim of this study was to examine the experience, knowledge and attitude to mandatory reports of mistreatments amongst first line managers and assistance nurses in municipal elderly care. The following questions were at the center of the analysis: how do the different professional groups view having to report their own organization? How can various factors affect the mandatory reporting of mistreatments? What knowledge do the different professional groups have of mistreatments and mandatory reporting? A qualitative research method was used to examine these questions in the form of semi structured interviews and a small document study. The interviews were carried out with assistance nurses and first line manages in elder care, we interviewed four respondents from both professional groups. The interviews were then transcribed and coded with help of a content analysis.

The number of firms adapting the concept of Corporate Social Responsibility is constantly growing. It is no longer enough only to supply your customers with demanded products and services since todays? customers have an increased awareness and are demanding more transparence when it comes to the manufacturing and responsibility for society.Along with a growing interest in social, ethical and environmental matters, many firms have received critique, consequently forcing them to start taking more responsibility for their activities. The clothing industry was among the first to get critized and therefore early in starting their work with CSR.The purpose of this paper is to investigate how firms in the clothing industry work with CSR today, and also how they choose to communicate this work, both internally and externally. The methodology of the paper is qualitative and aims to deeply investigate four different firms, along with an additional interview with a CSR-consult from one of the leading communication-firms in Sweden.The theoretical foundation includes a frame of reference around CSR and the communication thereof, and also a few relevant theories around CSR and business ethics.After analyzing the empirical material the paper have reached a few conclusions.

Omkring 10-20 % av personer med lumbalt diskbråck opereras. Operationen syftar främst till att behandla utstrålande smärta i nedre extremiteter. Beteenderelaterade faktorer kan påverka smärtupplevelsen vid långvariga smärttillstånd och viss forskning finns om hur resultatet av diskbråcksoperation påverkas av olika biopsykosociala faktorer.Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka hur smärtintensitet var associerat till vissa beteenderelaterade faktorer före och två år efter lumbal diskbråcksoperation, samt om dessa faktorer preoperativt kan predicera smärta efter diskbråcksoperation. Studien är en longitudinell deskriptiv kohortstudie där associationer analyseras. Data samlades in med en enkät före och efter operationen.Preoperativt besvarade 59 personer enkäten, två år senare upplevde 20 personer ingen smärta och besvarade därför inte de beteenderelaterade frågorna.

In this essay I have studied how the kid?s school start are described in picture books. The studied questions are: How the school is described in these selected picture books; what feeling does the main character have into the school start; how the teachers are described in this selected picture books and how are the power relationship described in these selected picture books?The method I have chosen for this essay is a discourse analysis of seven selected picture books with the meaning of starting school. All books studied are written during the 1990 and forward.

This essay focuses on the reception of Yahya Hassan?s debut YAHYA HASSAN in Swedish media, mainly daily newspapers. Following the work of Magnus Nilsson it analyzes the ?reading strategy of the politics of identity? in ?immigrant literature? and outlines structural racism in the literary scene. By bringing attention to the critics? use of this reading strategy, it is possible to unveil the ?ethnic filter? through which literature by Swedish authors with a ?non-Swedish identity? is being read in contemporary Swedish literary criticism.

AbstractTitle: Coach, vän eller både och? ? en kvalitativ studie om coachning inom arbetslivetAuthors: Jonas Näslund & David ÖhrlingTutors: Ulla Moberg & Larsåke LarssonPurposeThe purpose of this thesis is to examine how coaching in working life serves, aiming to find what influences the interaction between coach and client. To seek to answer the purpose we raised a number of research questions which discussed, among other the coach's intentions and the parties' relationship.TheoriesThis thesis is based on a number of different theories, where the Leader-member Exchange Theory is considered the main theory. LMX is used when studying the relationship between a manager and an employee. Other theories used in this thesis are for example the Social exchange theory and one-on-one-coaching.MethodThe methods used in this thesis are semi-structured interviews, observations and recordings of coaching sessions.

Studier visar att ungefär var tionde patient upplever stickrädsla, en rädsla för nålstick som gör att de undviker att söka vård vilket i sin tur kan leda till hälsoproblem på lång sikt. Att utföra venpunktion är en vanlig arbetsuppgift för anestesisjuksköterskan och hur hon hanterar patientens stickrädsla är av stor betydelse för hur patienten upplever vården som helhet. Anestesisjuksköterskan ska genom dialog med patienten bekräfta patientens rädsla och hjälpa patienten att känna trygghet på bästa sätt. När patienten upplever lidande på grund av vård, i detta sammanhang venpunktion uppstår vårdlidande och detta vårdlidande kan anestesisjuksköterskan förebygga. Syftet med studien är att beskriva anestesisjuksköterskors erfarenhet av mötet med vuxna patienter med stickrädsla.

Syftet med studien var att beskriva icke farmakologiska metoder för att reducera barns rädsla och smärta inför cancerrelaterade behandlingar och undersökningar. Studien genomfördes som en litteraturstudie med beskrivande design. 21 vetenskapliga artiklar inkluderades, analyserades och lades som grund för resultatet. Resultatet visade att distraktion var den vanligaste förekommande icke farmakologiska omvårdnadsåtgärden för att minska barns rädsla och smärta inför smärtsamma cancerrelaterade behandlingar och undersökningar. Distraktion i form av kommunikation, beröring och hjälpmedel distraherar, lugnar, ökar smärttoleransen, förbättrar vårdresultatet och ger positiva vårderfarenheter.

While the strategy of lending a voice to the monstrous is a well known aspect of Howard Phillips Lovecraft's works, the female monster is a notable exception to this case. In this thesis, I excavate a theory of female monstrosity through a reading of some of Lovecraft's most read stories and the agency of female characters that appears within. Comparing these female registers of monstrosity to their masculine counterpart, I develop a concept of female monstrosity manifested through categories of class, race and gender with the help of Judith Halberstams theories of monstrosity.Rather than treating these women as active characters, I argue that Lovecraft's inability to handle these monsters forces him to literally put them away ? in attics, cellars, or boxes. These are the marginalized positions from which these women elaborate a monstrous form that transcends the boundaries of sex, gender, class and race.

Background: Abortion implies that the pregnancy is interrupted. According to the World Health Organization approximately 46 million induced abortions are carried out each year. Different methods of abortion can be used such as medical and surgical methods. The medical method especially affects a nurse?s experience of the procedure.

It is common knowledge that our horses do occasionally hurt themselves and cause damage to their bodies. They also manage to do it in the most remarkable ways. The problem is not that they hurt themselves, because everybody does so from time to time. The problem is that they often experience difficulties with the healing of the wounds. The cause to that problem is the fact that they often lose a vast amount of tissue, the wound is more often than not extensively contaminated and the wound is often found a long time after the accident occurred.