Development and accuracy tests of advanced exchange trading systems require well adjusted tools for testing. Aptness of these tools are probable to have a major impact on identification of bugs and verification of new functionality. Identifying erroneous parts and bottlenecks of the trading system is of outmost importance for the exchange as a whole since stability and correctness are two of the determinant factors its viability is measured by. This paper covers how this test-tool was created and the motivation behind the design choices made. The tool was created with the goal to be broad enough to cover the majority of cases that could arise, fast enough to be able to test the trading systems speed limitations (i.e.

The hybrid larch (Larix x eurolepis Henry) is a fast growing tree species and was introduced in Sweden for about 50 years ago. The high growth and expected resistance to diseases are probably the main reasons of introducing the tree species into the Swedish forests. The purpose of this thesis was to document the production of hybrid larch planted in the Snogeholm landscape laboratory and to compare the production in the pure hybrid larch stand with the mixture together with pedunculate oak (Quercus robur). The data collection in Snogeholm since the establishment has been carried out by the Swedish University of Agricultural Science (SLU). The fieldwork for the thesis was carried out in 3 stands, containing hybrid larch, pedunculate oak and a mixture of hybrid larch and pedunculate oak, in order to be able to compare the total stand production of the areas. The results show that the total production of hybrid larch in the mixed stand only is 35 % compared with the total production of hybrid larch in the pure stand. Therefore, the hypothesis that the total production of hybrid larch is equal to the planted mixture with pedunculate oak was rejected. The other hypothesis that the total production of a 2 hectare large stand containing a mixture of hybrid larch and pedunculate oak would be greater than the total production of two pure stands of 1 hectare containing hybrid larch and oak each was also rejected. In the studied case the total production was 45 % greater if hybrid larch and pedunculate oak was planted in pure stands. The results from the case-study only indicate that the total production of hybrid larch and oak under the investigated conditions can be higher when planting the two species in pure stands compared with a mixture of the two species.

Uppsatsen har som syfte att undersöka gällande rätt för internprissatta royaltybetalningar från fast driftställe till moderbolag. Problemet är att varken korrigeringsregeln eller artiklarna 9 och 12 i modellavtalet är tillämpliga. Hur ser möjligheterna ut i den interna rätt för att förhindra att nämnda transaktion utnyttjas i skatteundandragande syfte? Kan artikel 7 i modellavtalet användas för att förhindra sådant?Royalty beskattas som regel i inkomstslaget näringsverksamhet på grund av delaktighetstanken. Den innebär att royaltybetalningar räknas som del i fast driftställe beläget i Sverige.

Tvister mellan grannar rörande skymmande grönska är, när man ser till antalet rättsfall, inte särskilt vanligt förekommande. Ser man till verkligheten istället är det inte svårt att konstatera att skymmande grönska verkar vara en av de vanligaste orsakerna till dispyter mellan grannar. Det rättsområde som berörs är grannelagsrätten, vilket är ett tämligen vidsträckt rättsområde som återfinns i flera vitt skilda regleringar. När det gäller skymmande grönska finns dock endast två bestämmelser och dessa är jordabalken 3:1 och 3:2. Eftersom det finns så få rättsfall rörande grannelagsrätten och skymmande grönska samt så få och generellt hållna bestämmelser i lagen, är uppsatsens syfte att undersöka gränserna för de rättigheter och skyldigheter som en nyttjare av fast egendom har beträffande skymmande grönska på dennes fasta egendom..

Research within gender and leadership has often focused on leaders in male dominated work areas, but quite recently interest has arise for examine leadership in female dominated work areas. This thesis analyzes possible differences connected to theories about gender stereotypes that may exist among male and female leaders within a female dominated organization. Further, possible underlying reasons to why or why not differences between genders might be found are investigated. The research question is addressed through a single embedded case study design at the Swedish public organization Försäkringskassan. The primary focus is middle managers, and twenty qualitative interviews were conducted with leaders and co-workers at two local offices and at the organizations headquarter.

Detaljhandeln är idag präglad av hög konkurrens och många aktörer som slåss om sammasegment. Fast Fashion med sina snabba produktlivscykler och låga prissegment trots en högmodegrad, har lett till att konsumtionsmönstret förändrat konsumenternas beteende genomderas krav på ständiga uppdateringar av sortimentet. Dagens kunder kräver mer än enbart ettlågt pris för att attraheras, vilket kräver att även Fast Fashion-företagen adderar ytterligarevärden. Imagen och känslan för varumärket spelar därför en stor roll även för Fast Fashionföretagoch inte enbart för märken som agerar inom en högre prisklass. För att kunnatillfredställa det kunden efterfrågar krävs av företaget att de tydligt identifierat sin målgruppför att kunna anpassa erbjudandet efter just dem.

Author: Johanna Jarl and Marie WestphalTitle: Co-operation and Collaboration The Social services and Child- and adolescence psychiatry joined action [Translated title]Supervisor: Mikael SandgrenExaminer: Torbjörn HjortChildren and adolescences that have both psychological and social problems is an increasing number of the society. It used to be a demand that Social workers and personnel at Child and adolescence psychiatry had interdisciplinary collaboration, today it is more then a demand it is a requirement. The aim of this study was to understand how the personnel at the Social services and Child and adolescence psychiatry look at the cooperation between the two organizations in Sweden.To be able to accomplish this study we have interviewed four persons employed at the Social services and three persons employed at Child- and adolescencepsychiatry all of them were interviewed individually. To be able to analyze our material from the interviews we have used new institutional organization theory and Goffmans dramaturgic perspective at teams. The interviews showed that there is collaboration between the organizations on all levels, but that the organizations have different priorities.

Values, where an organization describes the attitude its members should have towards their work, are being used to a larger extent than before. The neoinstitutional theory describes organizations? attempts to create legitimacy through activities that are not really connected to their core activities. On the basis of the aforementioned theory this study examines to what extent employees and store managers at Clas Ohlson use and relate to the values of the organization in their everyday work. The study covers these individuals awareness of the impact of values in their work as well as the way they relate to values.

Agile as an idea was created in 2001 through the Agile Manifesto with focus on social relationships, communication and flexibility. This was a reaction to the traditional, hierarchical organization with the goal of restoring balance within organizations in the IT business. Today we can see a transit of Agile from the IT-industry to other industries and areas, such as HRM.There is a challenge in attempting to traditionally control a social idea such as Agile, and there is a lack of empirical studies of the organizational context and its effect on the interpretation of Agile in practice. This study is an attempt to connect Agile to the science of business administration.The purpose with this study is therefore to research the organizational contexts effects on the interpretation of Agile in practice, within IT and HRM. Where Agile is established or well known.To fulfill our purpose we chose social constructivism as our scientifically approach, and conducted 12 in-depth interviews.

This is a case study on the functioning of political parties and the aim was to explain ?how? and ?why? the Swedish social democratic party changed their policies in the Middle East politics. I wanted to explain this process of change by using Angelo Panebianco?s framework for the analysis of political parties. Angelo Panebianco´s hypothesis is that all parties must be viewed as organizations to understand their functions.

Purpose: We will understand and explain Dell?s value gap through an extended intellectual capital theory. This will be done by deriving the value to the different parts of the intellectual capital value scheme. We will also use value scheme to describe the ongoing strategy shift. Methodology: The qualitative method and an abductive reasoning have been employed during the progress.

The great economic impact of startups on society has made these types of companies an increasingly popular subject for research. Though no single definition of the word startup currently exists, one could define it as a temporary organization in search of a scalable, repeatable, and profitable business model. Seen from a historic perspective, tech-startups in particular should be considered a new phenomenon and the topic is still relatively unexplored. This study investigates the structure in tech-startups during their first months of existence and compares it to the structure that prevails when the companies have recruited at least five additional employees. In addition, the study explains why these changes occur.

Skolan befinner sig i en kontext där diskussioner om inkludering, exkludering, normalitet och avvikelse ständigt aktualiseras. Frågor som på ett eller annat sätt försätter eleverna ofrivilligt i ett inom eller utanförskap. Uppsatsen syftar därför till att undersöka hur normalitet och avvikelse skapas och förstås av olika skolaktörer på en skola, och då genom empiriska undersökningar av olika skolaktörers förståelse av fenomenet inlärningssvårigheter hos elev. Undersökningens metod är kvalitativ och bygger på det material som framställts genom intervjuer av fyra olika skolaktörer inom samma skola. Materialet har sedan analyserats tematiskt och utifrån teoretiska perspektiv som normkritik och makt skapat en vidare förståelse för fenomenet inlärningssvårigheter hos elev.Resultatet visar att förståelsen av skolans idag strävan att inkludera kan genom uttrycket ?en skola för alla? tolkas som en prioriterad målsättning men i realiteten något som kanske inte fungerar.

Authors: Marie Andersson, Maria Gustafsson and Johanna Olsson.Tutor: Peter CaesarTitle: Don?t forget the story ? a study about internal StorytellingKeywords: Internal Storytelling, Internal marketing, Communication, Organizational culture, Internal branding, Fellowship, Motivation, Participation.Background: Something that can be problematic for managers in an organization is to find an effective way to spread information that will received by all the employees. One way to spread information and messages to the employees is by using internal Storytelling. The use of internal Storytelling aims to create an environment to build up an engaged personnel. Organizations use internal Storytelling when they want to create collective stories and frame of references among the employees within the organization, and also spread the values of the brand and information about the organization.Problem statement: How can internal marketing be affected by internal Storytelling?Method: Our study is based on a case-study of SCA Packaging Sweden AB.

The aim of this study was to gain a better understanding of resource schools 1 as a human services organization and institution, based on teachers and principals? perspectives. The purpose of resource schools is to provide the students tools and resources to enable them to return to the regular school within two years. The study also aims to examine more closely how this objective applies to the studied resource schools in the studied municipality, as well as highlighting the success factors and barriers that exist to achieve the goal. Previous studies show that this kind of differential practice tends to become a permanent solution.