Purpose: The study aims to analyze how companies can learn from past communications in critical situations and during corporate crisis, and see how they use this knowledge in the management of subsequent critical situations and corporate crisis. Furthermore, the media is analyzed to see how the newspaper industry chooses to reflect an organization and its actions, and also to see if the pressure through articles in the newspapers has an impact on the extent of the situation.Method: A qualitative case study of Sweden?s largest food company, ICA Sverige AB, where knowledgeable people in media management within the company are interviewed using semi-structured interviews, with support of quantitative methods by a collection of articles from the news press.Theories: Concepts, theories and models in crisis management and communication has been applied to relevant data. These comprise Knowledge Management, a communication template in crisis management, The Situational Crisis Communication Theory (SCCT) and the model Content of crisis communication.Empiric: Based on the quantitative data consisting of articles from four Swedish news sources: Svenska Dagbladet, Dagens Nyheter, Aftonbladet and Expressen, a semi-structured interview guide was created and carried out with the person within ICA who possesses knowledge of the subject area.Conclusion: ICA has during the priod studied exhibited to have used the concept of Knowledge Management in the development of their routines regarding product recalls at product defects. The relationships between ICA and the media have shown improvements, which has resulted in ICA percieve the media coverage as balanced, true and fair..

Background: Examinations with the intent to assess neurological functions and level of conciousness are common in neurocritical care, but the effect on the patient is not entirely researched.Aim: The purpose of this study was to describe the patient?s situation at the neurological wake-up test concerning the environment, nursing interventions and the possibility given the patient to become awake, and if these conditions affect the outcome of the wake-up test.Methods: A quantitative observational study took place at a neurocritical care unit, where 20 patients were observed from interruption of sedation to the neurological assessment, which was performed by a neurosurgeon or a specialized critical care registered nurse. Nursing interventions, environmental factors and physiological parameters were documented.Result: Twelve intervention varieties to control patients? physiological parameters were used. CPP > 80 mmHg was found in 90 % of observations.

Företag blir allt mer globala och investeringar i utländska företag blir allt vanligare. Att investera över gränserna kan vara komplext då redovisningsreglerna länge skiljt sig åt i olika länder. Behovet av att reducera skillnader som finns i redovisningen har länge varit stort. För att komma till rätta med detta tog Europaparlamentet år 2002 ett beslut om att införa International Accounting Standards/International Financial Reporting Standards (IAS/IFRS) inom EU och en process inleddes som innebar att alla medlemsländer ska redovisa enligt IAS/IFRS. I och med att Sverige är med i EU ska alla noterade företag i landet upprätta sin koncernredovisning enligt IAS/IFRS-standarderna från och med början av år 2005.Vårt syfte med denna uppsats är att beskriva hur redovisningen av svenska bankers finansiella instrument har förändrats i och med införandet av IASB:s redovisningsstandarder.

The object of the thesis is to propose a new lighting plan for the square Fyristorg in Uppsala, and to describe the process which have led to it. It all started when I choosed the place together with the municipality of Uppsala. I have been doing research and analyzed how the place and it´s existing lighting works both during different times of the day and also in the evening. After researching the place and it´s existing lighting I´ve decided to put up the following goals fot the new lighting design. 1. The general light level of the place shall be experienced as higher than today. 2. The light level of the place shall be adapted to the light levels of surrounding places. 3. The lighting shall be free from glare. 4. The lighting shall be adapted to people passing by. 5.The lighting shall be adapted to the surrounding architecture. 6.

Syfte: Syftet med detta examensarbete är att undersöka hur räntefria lån fungerar och är det i längden det bästa sättet att låna pengar på. Ger en räntefri bankverksamhet ett mer rättvist samhälle? Metod: I denna uppsats har vi använt oss av en kvalitativ undersökningsmetod då vi har haft en intervju och inga data som är mätbara. Vår intervjumetod var ostrukturerad då den intervjuade hade chans att styra hur intervjun artade sig och en öppen dialog fördes. En undersökning kan ha olika avsikter, vi använde oss av de beskrivande och förstårliga.

In this essay, I will look at three different Compulsory comprehensive schools in one community and I will compare final grades from students who graduated in spring 2006. I will also examine how the three schools work with students, and in what way they approach students with dyslexia/reading- and writing difficulties, so that they could reach goals set by The Swedish National Agency for Education. The aim with this essay is to show differences between schools in the same community and my question is if it is the way you approach students with dyslexia/reading- and writing difficulties that affects the student?s grades and results.The study is concentrating on three schools in one community and students with dyslexia and reading- and writing difficulties that went to those schools. I have spoken to remedial teacher at each school about how they approach students with dyslexia/reading- and writing difficulties, what kind of methods the use, how they investigate if a student is in need of special help and how they grade their students who are in need of special teaching because of their learning disabilities.

Syfte och frågeställningarSyftet med denna uppsats var att undersöka införandet av Nollvisionen i Södermanlands fotbollsdistrikt. För att uppnå syftet valde vi att utgå från följande frågeställningar: Vilken var bakgrunden till införandet av Nollvisionen? Vad ville Södermanlands fotbollförbund uppnå med införandet av Nollvisionen? Hur såg de involverade, det vill säga förtroendevalda och tjänstemän inom Södermanlands fotbollförbund, på beslutet att införa Nollvisionen? Hur har Södermanlands fotbollförbund informerat om Nollvisionen? Hur såg fotbollsföreningarna och domarna på införandet av Nollvisionen?MetodVi har arbetat både med en kvalitativ metod och en kvantitativ metod. Fyra intervjuer genomfördes där intervjupersonerna valdes utifrån ett strategiskt urval i samråd med Södermanlands fotbollförbund. Två enkätundersökningar delades ut genom ett tillfälligt urval till föreningsrepresentanter och domare.ResultatBakgrunden till införandet av Nollvisionen var en kraftig ökning av disciplinärenden i distriktet och influenser från andra distrikt.

I denna uppsats behandlas deckargenren och Maria Langs pusseldeckare En skugga blott. Syftet är att undersöka hur Lang bygger upp sin variant av deckarromanen och se hur den förhåller sig till de typiska dragen för pusseldeckaren. En stor skillnad mellan pussel- och den hårdkokta deckaren är vilken typ av intresse som läsaren har: nyfikenhet kring vem som är mördaren, som i pusseldeckaren eller spänningen inför vad som komma skall, i den hårdkokta deckaren. I Pusseldeckaren är en av författarens uppgifter att försvåra läsarens möjligheter att lösa mordgåtan. Det finns dock en regel om "Fair play", vilket innebär att inget viktigt i mordutredningen får undanhållas för läsaren.

Johanna Petrén, a prospective teacher of religion, has examined how a couple of students view Christianity as it is presented in a Religious Education classroom. Furthermore, how this image matches their experience of Christianity outside of school. The key questions of this essay are: How do the students generally describe Christianity and what it means to be a Christian based on the image they have acquired from outside of school, or from Christian friends, confirmation or their own faith? How do the students describe Christianity according to what they learn in Religious education at school? What potential differences do the students perceive between the image of Christianity conveyed by the school and the image they have of Christianity from outside of school? Does the school's teaching influence the credibility and interest in Christianity? The questions have been discussed in focus group interviews, in which the students way of reasoning and talking about religious matters were analysed based on previous research. References used in the analysis includes research on topics such as science of religious history, religion in multicultural and postcolonial rooms, secularism and discourse analysis have.

A segmented market, according to traditional methods, appears increasingly difficult in mature consumer markets. A common explanation is that the mature markets are often characterised by over-supply which results in a great variety of choices for the consumer. Furthermore, the consumer of today has a more complex and flexible purchase behaviour which is difficult to catch. This makes consumer segmentation difficult. International studies indicate that dividing consumers into generation cohorts might be advantageous in understanding consumers of today.

Bakgrund: Noterade bolag i Sverige skall, enligt ett EU-fördrag implementera IASB:s redovisningsrekommendationer i koncernredovisningen från och med den 1 januari 2005. Dessa rekommendationer lägger stor vikt vid verkliga värden och liknar på så sätt den anglosaxiska traditionen. Sverige har tidigare anammat den kontinentala traditionen som är präglad av försiktighet och en stor koppling mellan redovisning och beskattning. För redovisning av förvaltningsfastigheter gäller numera rekommendationen IAS 40, som innebär att bolagen har möjlighet att värdera förvaltningsfastigheter till verkligt värde istället för anskaffningsvärde. Denna rekommendation har påverkat fastighetsbolagens redovisning i stor utsträckning och en rad problem har uppstått.

The aim of the study is twofold, to generate a sensory profile of Swedish wine today and to investigate the opinion of both wine producers and wine experts on viticulture in Sweden and wine from grapes grown in Sweden, achieved through a contextual analysis comprising a literature study and interviews with wine producers in Sweden and Denmark and wine experts from Sweden and Germany, and a sensory analysis at the company Ipsos. ?Mixed methods? was the chosen research strategy as the semi-structured interviews gave qualitative results and the sensory analysis would give quantitative results displayed as spider charts. There is a lack of studies investigating how the Swedish wine is perceived by consumers and consumers might be unaware that the Swedish wine, established through ?trial and error?, is increasing in quality every season, creating a need to display the sensory profile of Swedish wine to strengthening the perception of Swedish white wine. This study shows that the Swedish white wine today is a wine with a fresh, citrusy and flowery aroma and a fresh, citrusy and green apple taste, however, a sensory analysis cannot show if the attributes are those that are desired by the customer, a consumer test is necessary to conclude that. Trends point towards locally produced products, one reason why Swedish wine has great potential, yet the future needs to be secured through job opportunities and education. Creating an approval system for Swedish wine is suggested as a future improvement, it is a common procedure in most wine regions.

The purpose of this essay is to describe how Boverkets Byggregler has affected the cost ofnewly built houses from 2003 to 2012, to Boverkets Vision 2025. The purpose is also to findagent-principal relations in the construction sector.When investing in an energy efficient house the operating costs are reduced compared to aconventional house. But due to the lower operating costs, the investment cost rises. In thisstudy, we find out if it is economically viable to invest in an energy efficient house comparedto a conventional house from the customer's perspective.The study's approach has been qualitatively where we in collaboration with Derome Hus hadaccess to three conventional reference houses and a passive house and data that was necessaryto conduct viability assessments on houses. We conducted five interviews with people fromDeromekoncernen and Varbergs kommun.The calculation methods we have used in this study are present value method, annuity methodand a sensitivity analysis.

AbstractArtists ? the invisible assets; a qualitative study about the view on music rights and artist brands as intangible assets within music companies.This paper is a study of what view representatives from Swedish music companies have on activating music rights and artist brands as intangible assets. Throughout the paper, a discussion is held regarding what the representatives think about activating these intangible assets. From this, we have identified and analyzed possible pros and cons to such activation.Our interest to this question was brought to us when we realized that most music companies in Sweden have intangible assets without activating them. This is, even though these are their main source of income.

I denna uppsats behandlas deckargenren och Maria Langs pusseldeckare En skugga blott. Syftet är att undersöka hur Lang bygger upp sin variant av deckarromanen och se hur den förhåller sig till de typiska dragen för pusseldeckaren. En stor skillnad mellan pussel- och den hårdkokta deckaren är vilken typ av intresse som läsaren har: nyfikenhet kring vem som är mördaren, som i pusseldeckaren eller spänningen inför vad som komma skall, i den hårdkokta deckaren. I Pusseldeckaren är en av författarens uppgifter att försvåra läsarens möjligheter att lösa mordgåtan. Det finns dock en regel om "Fair play", vilket innebär att inget viktigt i mordutredningen får undanhållas för läsaren.