År 2005 slopade EU sina importkvoter på TEKO-varor efter att i många år ha skyddat sina inhemska producenter från omvärldens konkurrens och begränsat utvecklingsländers tillträde till unionens marknad. Den här uppsatsen undersöker konsekvenserna av handelsliberaliseringen för tolv utvecklingsländers export av kläder och textilier till EU genom att handelstatistik från Eurostat används för att jämföra EU:s import av TEKO före och efter slopandet. Som väntat ökade Kina och Indiens export till EU efter avregleringen. Däremot har sju av tolv studerade länder minskat sin exporttillväxt av kläder till följd av förlorade preferenser från handelsavtal och ökad konkurrens när kvoterna eliminerades. Förändringarna blev betydligt större i handeln med kläder än med textilier och effekterna omedelbart efter avregleringen var mer dramatiska än under åren som följde.

The purpose with this examination task is to investigate what purchasers and building contractors think of ISO 9000 and the function of it within the building trade.In this material both the purchaser´s and the building contractor´s viewpoints and attitude towards ISO 9000 is being object to an investigation, in order to get a just picture of the function of the quality work within the building trade. The general opinion of ISO 9000 has proven to be positive. During the work with this investigation it appeared that nosystem is that good that it can´t be improved. A widely spread opinion is also that ISO 9000 means a lot of paperwork but also that the certified companies are well organized. Above all the majority demands a standard that is more adjusted to the building trade..

This study examines regional integration in Africa with a focus on the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa, COMESA. COMESA, with roots that go back to the beginning of the 1980?s, is one of the largest and most diverse areas for regional integration in Africa and has currently 19 member countries. The goal of the COMESA co-operation is to become a fully integrated area by the year 2025 that will merge into the African Union (AU). AU will then, in turn, create a fully integrated African continent in a not too far away future.

The relationship between free trade and the environment is often considered conflicting and the debates surrounding it are infected. My thesis deal with this conflict and how environmental concerns are integrated in three regional free trade agreements, North American Free Trade Agreement, The common market of the southern cone (MERCOSUR) and Southern African Development Community (SADC). I point out how the organizations differ from each other in this respect and I present a possible explanation to why they differ. The explanation is founded on the theory of the environmental Kuznets curve and that environmental concerns will depend on which level of development the member states in the organizations have. To judge and rank the organizations I have composed a model based on a pre-existing description of the trade and environment conflict.

Background: Sweden is a country with 30 million memberships in different non- profit organizations. In total these organizations employees about 400 000 people, through employment and voluntary work. The complete turnover for non- profit organizations is 100 billion Swedish crowns per year. It has only since 2001 been compulsory to follow the Swedish account rules BFL and ÅRL. Trade unions are one type of non-profit organizations with the main purpose to care for the interest of its members concerning their working condition.

This rapport examines six Swedish workplace unions, in manufacturing internationalised companies, degree of internationalised trade union work. The report is based on interviews with local shop stewards. All local workplace unions were in some form internationalised. They were placed in three different groups of strategies: Passive, Tactical and Strategic. The Passive union only tried to get information; the Tactical unions were reactive against initiative from company management and used the channels provided of Industrial Relation laws.

The purpose of this thesis is to study how Swedish independent record labels, or indie labels, fared on the Japanese market. The research questions were based on how Swedish independent record labels establish themselves on the Japanese market and how the cultural differences between the nations affect the business relationship. It was decided to execute a case study on two Swedish independent record labels and the Swedish export council for music. The ones chosen as study objects were B & B Records, Razzia Records and Export Music Sweden. The conclusions were that the indie labels need to understand the importance of personal business relationships when trying to get established on the Japanese market.

In the light of ever increasing international trade around the globe, affecting men and women in all countries, it is surprising that so little attention is given its gender effects. The effects of trade are said to be gender neutral, but could potentially act reinforcing on the existing gender patterns in a society. The aim of this thesis is to examine whether the implications for men and women in relation to trade liberalization can be found to differ. By stylizing some differences between men and women, this is done by examining the theoretical implications mainly via the Heckscher-Ohlin model and through a Beckerian approach. The implications found are then compared with the findings in existing empirical work.

Studien är skriven på uppdrag av Kubera konsult, som är ett konsult företag specialiserade på att hjälpa mindre och medelstora företag i Norrland att börja exportera.De senaste åren har export och import ökat i snabb takt och handeln i Sverige består idag av två tredjedelar av Sveriges bruttonationalprodukt. Trots de senare årens utbredning av den globala marknaden samt en allt mer utökad forskning inom internationalisering så finns det ännu väldigt lite fakta och studier om vad som påverkar vissa företag att börja exportera, medan andra med till synes samma förutsättningar väljer att avböja.Studiens syfte är att utvinna en ökad förståelse i vilka faktorer i pre-exportprocessen som påverkar att små och medelstora företag i Norrland slutligen väljer att exportera eller inte, samt vidare hur dessa påverkar företagets väg genom pre-export processen. Vårt mål med denna forskning är att den ska vara till kunskap åt norrlänska företag och organisationer inriktade på att utöka exportverksamheter inom olika områden.Vi har valt att applicera teorier kring områdena företaget, beslutsfattaren och stimuli. Där vi utifrån dessa delar jämför och granskar fyra företag som undersökt/undersöker möjligheten med export samt fem företag som aktivt bedriver export. Samtliga forskningsobjekt i studien är små och medelstora företag, grundade och stationerade i Norrland.

Trade Unions are finding it increasingly challenging to appeal to employees and all trade unions alike are encountering new challenges to attract and retain members. Additionally a more diversified and educated labor market is creating demands for trade unions to better meet individual needs. The purpose of this study was to explore and analyze the role of branding in Unionen, the largest white-collar trade union in Sweden, and how branding efforts help in attracting and retaining trade union members. The theoretical foundation of this thesis is based on theories related to corporate branding and relationship marketing. Furthermore, the study develops and introduces the concept of member branding in the context of trade unions.

Energy Director is a control and measuring system for energy consumption and is part of the product portfolio of E.ON AG for more efficient use of energy, offered to business customers. As of today, the system has only one parameter of control, namely power, and the objective of this essay has been to investigate whether other ones could be added. The emphasis is on the environmental perspective, which is why carbon dioxide has served as an example for this parameter in question.Parallel with the study of Energy Director electricity on the margin, calculations of carbon dioxide equivalents and also the Swedish trade of electricity have all been highlighted. Results indicate that when reductions in energy are made it is endorsed to omit from electricity on the margin rather than some mean distributed electricity, under certain conditions, and in addition the calculations of the reductions should be modified regarding the efficiency of the power stations fuelled by lignite and bituminous coal. Sweden practices trade with the Nordic countries as well as Poland and Germany.

AbstractLarge states are not as interdependent as small countries are. Due to the extent of the home market, producers in large countries can sell the greater part of their products at home. Accordingly large countries become less dependent of other states. Large states are consequently in a better position to promote their self- interests internationally than smaller states are. Applying this reasoning on a large state such as France I come to conclude that she probably exerts this policy of self- interest in an area like free trade.

This thesis deals with the supranational organization of European trade unions. The European trade union movement is, via its umbrella organization the ETUC, an institutionalized social partner within the European Union. The ETUC is a very diverse organization with great potential of conflicting interest among its members. This thesis therefore seeks to explore the dynamics and interest heterogeneity of the ETUC. Drawing on previous research and literature it formulates a number of hypothesises to test what variables that influence the member organizations policy preferences (i.e.

Den svenska regeringen med handelsministern i spetsen lanserade a?r 2010 en vision om att fo?rdubbla Sveriges export fram till a?r 2015. Visionen omfattade bland annat att o?ka exporten fra?n sma? svenska fo?retag. Exporten fra?n svenska fo?retag har trots regeringens satsning med bland annat olika exportfra?mjande projekt inte o?kat.

?The importance of representation and structures to establish influence. A study of the Trade Unions Youth Activities within The Swedish Trade Union Confederation.?-Katrin OlofssonThis essay is studying the importance of representation and structures for the youth to establish influence, within the Trade Unions of The Swedish Trade Union Confederation, LO. More specific it is about the youths influence in each trade union´s executive committee.