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748 Uppsatser om Evolutionary psychology - Sida 4 av 50
Posttraumatisk stress hos universitetsstudenter i Lund
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is an anxiety disorder resulting from exposure to a traumatic event. The purpose of this study was to examine the exposure to Potentially Traumatic Events (PTE) and the prevalence of PTSD among students at the University of Lund. Sexdifferences among these variables were also examined. Using surveys as research method, 380 students from five different faculties participated. The results indicated that these students have been more exposed to PTE than the general Swedish population.
DDC:s avdelning 150 : en analys av psykologins klassifikation under perioden 1932-2011
This master?s thesis focus on Dewey Decimal Classification during the period 1932 to 2011, where the classification of the psychological knowledge domain is analyzed and discussed. In the light of the recent swedish switch from the swedish classification system SAB to DDC, this research area deserves prominence. The aim of this study is to investigate how DDC represents the historical development of the psychology subject with its underlying epistemology, to identify and analyze values and prejudice, and to analyze problems with DDC?s classification of psychology in relation to three other classification systems.
Vägen till icke kriminell.? En livsstilsförändring.
What is it that drives a person with criminal behavior to change their
lifestyle? What are the obstacles to a lifestyle change? These issues have been
guiding us during this study. In the introduction, we describe the previous
research that has been done among crime in men. The themes that will follow us
through the course of the study are as follows; cause of crime, Self-efficacy,
social network and lifestyle change. The aim of the study was to investigate
the factors that a former prison convicted individual believes has been
significant, as they break their criminal behavior associated with a lifestyle
change.
Ledarens förmåga att påverka och främja medarbetarnas arbetsmotivation - En kvalitativ studie om hur arbetsmotivation främjas inom en statlig myndighet
The study aims to increase understanding and knowledge of motivation; this by
examining how the leader experiences her capability to promote employees' work
motivation. Also, how employees perceive that the leader influence and enhance
their work motivation. Interviews were conducted with a manager and two
employees of a government agency in Sweden. The results demonstrate different
opinions between manager and employees in the manager's ability to foster
motivation in the everyday work. The
leader thinks that she promotes her employees work positively and believes that
she is giving her employees attention and appreciation.
Psykosocial arbetsmiljo? och psykologiskt va?lbefinnande inom servicebranschen
Syftet med studien a?r att studera relationen mellan den psykosociala arbetsmiljo?n och det psykologiska va?lbefinnandet, inom en serviceorganisation. Studiens fra?gesta?llning utga?r fra?n att underso?ka arbetets krav, resurser och ett arbetsrelaterat psykologiskt va?lbefinnande. Sex individer intervjuades med hja?lp av semi-strukturerade intervjuer.
Förhållandet mellan barns populära status, individuella bearbetningsstil och arbetsminneskapacitet
This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between perceived popularity, social information processing and working memory. With the intentions of examining popularity 209 (98 female, 111 male) children in second and fourth grade were presented with a roster of their classmates and were to nominate whom they liked and whom they disliked. To study working memory capacity a working memory test, that places demands on the participant to work both with and store the given information, was used. To examine children's cognitive processing of empathy-provoking information a cognitive appraisal interview was conducted. The results imply (a) that working memory increases with age, (b) that there is a weak relation between working memory capacity and popularity, and between popularity and cognitive processing styles and (c) that there are some strong correlations between working memory and cognitive processing styles..
Talet om talen : Vuxenmatematikens retoriska vändning
This is an empirical study of how the mathematical talk of adult learners constructs/reconstructs different mathematical discourses. The study is to be regarded as an attempt to develop a discursive approach within the field of mathematics education and to complicate the status of mathematics in education and in society in general. My theoretical underpinnings consist of three possible mathematical discourses ? coercive, regulative and emancipative mathematics. From a discursive psychology perspective, I let these discourses function as analytical interpretive repertoires in relation to the adult learners? rhetorical use of mathematics and their claiming of mathematical subject-positions, named the coerced, the self-regulating and the responsible mathematician.
Våga vara ung chef, en studie om skillnader i chefers välbefinnande och arbetskrav
Syftet med den här uppsatsen var att få en förbättrad förståelse av hur unga
chefer upplever sitt arbete inom offentlig sektor och hur det psykiska
välbefinnandet påverkas av arbetsbelastningen. Undersökningen har gjorts
utifrån semistrukturerade intervjuer med fyra enhetschefer om deras upplevelser
av arbetskrav samt psykiska välbefinnande där analysprocessen samt grunden för
studien följer den fenomenologiska ansatsen. Resultatet visar utifrån chefernas
upplevelser att det finns starka samband att det psykiska välbefinnandet
påverkas negativt av för hög arbetsbelastning. De tydliga faktorer som skapar
ohälsan är arbetsansvaret, arbetstiderna och också de höga ambitioner som
chefer kan ha. Studien konstaterar hur yngre chefer har större tendens till
stressrelaterade sjukdomar till följd av arbetspressen som unga chefer anses
ha.
Nyfikenhet i relation till konstnärlig process och presentation
The curious nature of humans has been the puzzle of psychologists, philosophers and scientists since the time we began to use those terms. Why are we curious? Why do we behave the way we do and why? The span of views on curiosity covers all. From being viewed as part of our animalistic nature and compared to instincts, to be viewed as a virtue to scientists and the reason behind why we explore space. Behaviorists tried to define it as an innate drive and some say that it has a crucial role in our ability to learn and understand.
Att städa hjärtan: om behandlare av barn som bevittnat våld i familjen
Behandlare av barn som bevittnat våld i familjen ombads i en explorativ studie beskriva hur de skapar mening till arbetet de utför och till barnens situation och behov. Semistrukturerade intervjuer utfördes på fem behandlare. Frågorna berörde deras arbetsmetod och vad de uppfattar att barnen behöver för hjälp. Resultatet visar att behandlarnas främsta syfte är att avlasta barnen från skuld, bekräfta deras verklighetsbild och förmedla till barnen att de inte är ensamma om sina upplevelser. För att avdramatisera samtalssituationen använder flertalet behandlare lek och teckning i olika form.
Spöa, sparka, slå och strypa: Kriminellas våldsattityder avslöjas med implicita mätningar
Attitudes towards violence were assessed using both implicit (The Single Category Implicit Association Test; Karpinski & Steinman, 2006) and explicit measurements (a Feeling Thermometer). A group of criminals showed more positive explicit and implicit attitudes towards violence than a group of non-criminals. In addition, The Aggression Questionnaire (Buss & Perry, 1992) revealed significant differences in aggression between the groups; criminals' mean scores were higher on all four subscales (physical aggression, verbal aggression, anger and hostility). Furthermore, significant correlations were found between all the measures, including the implicit and explicit attitude measures. The findings support the validity of the SC-IAT as an implicit measure of violent attitudes.
Relationskvalité, attributioner och självinsikt i det västerländska samhället
Denna studie ämnade studera sambandet mellan självinsikt, attributioner och relationskvalité. Tidigare studier har visat att det finns ett tydligt samband mellan attributioner och relationskvalité. Vårt syfte var att expandera och replikera detta fynd och placera in det i ett större sammanhang, kultur-relationskedjan, där även självinsikt och kultur ingår. Femtiosex personer (28 par), majoriteten studenter, deltog i studien som utfördes individuellt i enkätform. Resultatet visade på en replikering av tidigare fynd i sambandet mellan attributioner och relationskvalité (r(56)=-0,320, p < 0,05).
Expressivt skrivande hos högstadieungdomar: en kvalitativ textanalys av relationsbeskrivningar och känslouttryck
This study aims to investigate expressive writing in young adolescents, based on the model constructed by J.W. Pennebaker. Qualitative analysis of written essays has been conducted, the main purpose being exploring descriptions of relationships and expressions of emotions. Further-more, the intention has also been to study eventual gender differences and their forms of expressions in the essays. The participants were seventh- and eightgraders, gathered from two schools in Sweden.
Effekten av könshomogen idrottsundervisning för flickor i årskurs 5
Abstract
Syftet med att studera detta är att undersöka anledningen till den
könsuppdelade idrottsundervisningen samt vilka effekterna blivit med fokus på
flickornas situation. Detta har vi gjort genom att bedriva observationer i två
olika skolor i Blekinge, där en av skolorna fortfarande har gemensam idrott och
den andra skolan övergått till könsuppdelad idrottsundervisning. För att bredda
vårt material har vi även intervjuat inblandade parter, det vill säga elever,
rektorer samt idrottslärare. Resultatet av observationerna och intervjuerna
visade att flickornas situation förbättrats i den skola där man infört
könsseparerad idrott. Flickorna tar för sig, lever ut och tycker det är
roligare med idrott där de kan vara för sig själva.
Möte med Gud : En litteraturstudie av religiös erfarenhet och religiösa visioner
This essay studies what has been written about religious experience and visions both in the past and now. It deals with both the religious experience and tries to explain how and if there is any place in the modern society for religious visions and experience. The essay has a strong theoretical perspective to psychology of religion as presented by Anton Geels whose writings in the subject have been of one of my main sources.The study shows that people of all times and cultures have had religious visions and the feeling of a divine experience even if this has changed because of tradition, time and place. Religious experience and visions can furthermore occur both in a spontaneous, unprepared way as well as being cultured through ascetic practice in order to facilitate the divine reception. The study also shows that religious experience in no means is reserved for special ?chosen ones? but can occur to each and every one, no matter what class, race or position in life.