Företag köper tjänster av varandra i allt större utsträckning och tjänster blir allt viktigare för var dag som går, både i Sverige och i Europa. Trots detta är gällande rätt till stor del oklar på tjänstområdet i Sverige. Det finns ingen lag som är tillämplig på tjänster i kommersiella förhållanden. Tjänster är till sin karaktär varaktiga, individualiserade, framtidsbetonade och förtroendeberoende. Detta är något man måste ha i åtanke när man utformar felregler på tjänstområdet.

Svårigheter att kombinera arbete och barn ses som en av de främsta anledningarna till den låga fertiliteten i Sydeuropa. I Skandinavien med välfärdsinstitutioner som ger stöd för föräldrar att kunna kombinera arbete och familjeliv är fertiliteten desto högre. Studier på individnivå har visat samband mellan individers arbetsvillkor och resurser och deras möjligheter att skaffa barn, däremot efterfrågas fler studier som jämför detta samband mellan olika länder med olika institutionellt stöd. I denna studie ligger fokus på sambandet mellan arbetsvillkor och individuella resurser och barnafödandet i Sverige och Spanien, två länder med olika institutionellt stöd för familjebildning, och huruvida dessa samband skiljer sig mellan länderna. Genom att tillämpa Amatya Sen?s capability-perspektiv fördjupas förståelsen för hur den institutionella kontexten tillsammans med individuella livssituationen formar människors olika möjligheter att skaffa barn.

This study reflects on the swedish model and the models future. The swedish modelmeans that legisilation acts with the collective agreements . The wage issue is notregulated by law instead it is managed by the social partners in the form of collectiveagreements. In 2008, a report was presented by the Commission on a joint regulation ofthe minimum wage for all EU countries. The issue has become increasinglycontroversial and was especially disccused for the election of candidates to theEuropean Parlament last spring.

This paper?s purpose is to examine a Swedish missionary activity from a human rights perspective. As a scope I have chosen the Swedish evangelical mission to Congo-Brazzaville, from its establishment in 1909 to the congolese church's self-determination in 1961. I consider certain elements of the missionary activity that affect human rights, to discover wether the activity was in order with modern day human rights standards or not. During these years, Congo was part of the French colony Equatorial Africa, so the missionaries? part in the colonial discourse is taken into consideration.

Sweden is in the initial phase of forming a national forest programme (nfp). The establishment of an nfp has been evoked by international policy developments and a national debate questioning Swedish forestry and forest policy. National forest programmes are participatory processes for the development and implementation of forest-related policies and international commitments. Hence, the aim of this master thesis is to assess the stakeholders? acceptance of participation and integration of international issues within the Swedish national forest programme.

Within the political science literature that deals with the implementation process a central part has long been what is sometimes called the implementation deficit. This means that the effect of a policy decision doesn´t turn out as it was originally intended. The often used explanation is that the policy decisions moves through many levels during its implementation where different actors can change or alter the decision in various degrees. This phenomenon has gradually become more and more attended within the legislative process in the European Union and has been addressed in numerous studies. The purpose of this paper is to examine the implementation of The Habitats Directive, as its embodied in regulatory documents, in the Swedish multi-level system.

Yrket som personlig tränare växer allt mer, vilket bidrar till att fler personer väljer att utbildasig till personlig tränare. När personerna skall välja utbildning kan det vara svårt att finna vilken utbildning som passar individen bäst, då alla utbildningar både har likheter och skillnader. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur de olika utbildningarna inom personlig träning skiljer sig åt i struktur, att belysa skillnader i nationell och internationell standard samt hur yrket personlig träning kommer kunna utvecklas i framtiden.Studien har en kvalitativ utformning, och med hjälp av telefonintervjuer har information samlats in. I resultatet framkom det att utbildningarna använder kursmaterial som framtagits på snarlika sätt, då samtliga producerar egen litteratur. Majoriteten av lärarna i utbildningarna hade specifik utbildning inom det området som de undervisar i.

This Master of Science thesis project handles issues around managing data from the digital tachographsystem. European legislation states that companies must download the data of the digital tachograph systemand store it for at least one year for control purposes. The system stores data on the vehicle unit located inthe driving compartment and on smart cards personal for each driver.Acquiring data from the previous analogue tachograph was done instantaneously since the data wasphysically printed to a circular paper chart when driving. To acquire data from the digital system one mustperform a download from the vehicle unit and later transfer it to some form of backup solution for longterm storage. Data must also be downloaded from the driver smart cards.Download of data from the vehicle unit is the most time consuming task and may take up to 30minutes pervehicle.

Synen på invandring i Sverige har länge varit omdiskuterad, inte minst i media men även i politiska debatter. Invandringsnegativa partier får allt större stöd särskilt sett till det senaste decenniet. I den här uppsatsen undersöks ungdomars attityder till invandring, i Sverige, jämfört med den äldre befolkningen och skillnader i attityder till invandring inom gruppen ungdomar med hänsyn till bostadsregion, kön, föräldrars utbildningsnivå samt föräldrars invandrarbakgrund. Uppsatsen baseras på data från European Social Survey, 2002. Chi² -test används för att testa skillnaderna i attityder mellan grupperna.

When several production units provide a district heating network, water is pumped from different directions. When the flows from the plants finally meet in the network, the water can be completely still. These places are called zero flow zones. In district heating networks with several plants, which also have different supply temperatures, large and frequent temperature fluctuations can occur when the zero flow zones move. This may cause wear on the pipes, a phenomenon called low cycle fatigue.For this reason it is important to examine where and when zero flow zones that cause temperature changes occur.

Arbetet är en studie över tyska avdelningen och engelska gruppen på Europaskolan i Mol i Belgien. Vi har i arbetet återgivit intervjuerna vi har gjort med lärare, föräldrar och elever vid Europaskolan. I vissa fall har intervjuerna genomförts på ett språk som inte är modersmål för endera parten i intervjusituationen, därför blir det en tolkning, blandat med våra iakttagelser och samtal som vi haft under tiden vi vistades i Belgien.De yttre förutsättningarna för alla avdelningarna är bland annat stora klassrum och stor skolgård. Sedan går vi vidare till båda avdelningarnas lärarperspektiv, efter det kommer föräldraperspektivet och sist elevperspektivet.I intervjuerna med lärarna kommer det fram att man arbetar efter det egna landets läroplan i språk, i orienteringsämnena finns en lokal läroplan, matematiken och europeiska timmarna styrs av en gemensam läroplan för Europaskolorna. Lärarna har alla genomgått en lärarutbildning typisk för sitt hemland.Föräldrarna berättar alla att de inte har informerats om läroplanen, de har inte något inflytande på skolans verksamhet och att det inte finns någon föräldraförening.

This paper aims to analyze how preservation of and access to old and rare book collections are organized in public libraries in Serbia. The paper is based on an analysis of documents, a survey and qualitative interviews with librarians in Belgrade and Novi Sad. Serbia is a country that has experienced violent historical periods with far-reaching consequences for its old and rare book collections. The interpretative background refers to documents about cultural policy in Europe and in Serbia. Serbia is a country in transition which aims to join the European Union.

AimThe aim with this study was to analyse how strategic decisions through schemas of play, in this case the Pick and Roll, effect the end result of a basketball game. Following questions were answered:? How often is the Pick and Roll used? The total sum per team and game?? What field goal percentage generates the Pick and Roll?? How often generates the Pick and Roll turnovers?? How often does the attacking team receive foul during Pick and Roll, and what is the team awarded from the foul situation?? How often is the Pick and Roll interrupted without any effect?MethodTo be able to answer the questions in our study we videoanalysed 2251 Pick and Roll-situations from the European Championships for Men in 2003 through video analysis. We used nine different categories to sort the 2251 Pick and Roll situations.ResultsThe Pick and Roll is executed 62,53 times per game, or viewed as 0,43 Pick and Roll / possession. Points / possession during the games was 1,04 while points / Pick and Roll was 0,60.

Sweden is considered to have one of the world's highest animal welfare standards in agriculture. Despite this, there are shortcomings in animal husbandry. One example is overcrowding, which is a way to increase stock size without making costly investments in the buildings. It can be carried out systematically to increase profitability or due to, for example uneven calving during the year. The European Commission criticizes the fact that stocking density is not controlled under Swedish welfare inspections.

Officially, the EU gender policy since 2000 has been guided by the strategy of Gender Mainstreaming. This strategy aims to promote gender equality and is informed by a feminist ontology which stipulates that women are structurally subordinated.In this essay, I examine whether the European Commission has adequately adhered to this gender policy in its free trade negotiations with the ACP (African, Caribbean, and Pacific) countries as part of the Cotonou Agreement. As a result of my text analysis of documents related to the negotiations, opinion pieces by interested actors and policy papers of the EU, I find that the Commission does not act in accordance to its stated gender policy.To explain this discrepancy between policy intent and actions, I employ postliberal feminist theory and Robert Putnam's Two-Level Game Theory Model. By analyzing statistics and published research, I explore how gender issues are being represented politically on a domestic and international level.My findings show that a key cause of this discrepancy lies in the low levels of female participation in the political institutions of the EU and ACP; a lack of participation that is especially pronounced in the area of international economics. In explaining the constraints on female participation and the prospects of full implementation of the EU's gender policy in the international political economy, I emphasize the role of culturally and historically gendered institutions..