AbstractVäxjö University, School of Social SciencesBachelor thesisTitle: Varför en rädsla för alternativmedicin? En studie om hur EU?s kosttillskottsdirektiv har implementerats i Sverige.Author: Annica BlomstrandSupervisor: Anne Haglund-MorrisseyThe aim of this study is to investigate the process of legislation and implementation of the directive of the European Union on the food supplements, focused on member state of Sweden.There are two questions in this study: What was the process of legislation in the period when the Directive on the food supplements became established? and How does the implementation of EU?s decision on the food supplements works in reality? In order to answer these questions, two different methods were used. One was qualitative analysis of the available text and the other one case-study (qualitative including interviews)The conclusion is that the implementation has not been successful. The process of legislation has followed its traditional way, which in its turn did not leave so much space to the thorough implementation of the Directive. Unfortunately, this is a process that overlooks citizens and countries with different premises, affected by the decision.Keywords: EU, kostillskottdirektivet, lagstiftningsprocessen, implementering, organisationsteori, fallstudie.

From January 1st 2011 the use of Eurocode will be mandatory for all constructionprojects. Eurocode is the common European set of struc-tural design codes which willreplace BKR (Boverkets Kon-struktionsregler). BKR is the Swedish set of structuraldesign codes that was used up until December 31 2010. For consulting firms this willcre-ate a need for them to invest in the standards and in education for thecoworkers. This will involve both time and costs for the company.The purpose and aim of this master thesis is the development of compute examplesand calculations aid by dimensioning with Euro-code.

Patentsystemet kan ge upphov till vad som kallas patentsnår, där en aktör som vill producera en produkt eller bedriva en process måste vända sig till de olika patentinnehavare vilka innehar rättigheterna till de nödvändiga teknikerna för att få göra detta. Det här är ett förfarande som är både kostsamt och tidskrävande och därigenom får en dämpande inverkan på innovationen. För att hantera detta kan patentinnehavare gå samman i en patentpool och genom denna gemensamt licensera ut de patent vilka krävs för att producera en produkt eller bedriva en process.Dessa poolsamarbeten som berör monopolrättigheter kan dock skapa konkurrensbegränsande effekter. Genom tiderna har domstolarna gått från en bedömning av patentpooler som en rättmätig utbyggnad av patenträtten, till en bedömning att varje avtal som ökar patenträttens omfattning är olaglig för att slutligen tillämpa regler som tar hänsyn till positiva och negativa effekter och därifrån göra en avvägning i fall till fall.Den tidiga utvecklingen tog plats i Förenta staterna men det nuvarande rättsläget är i stort det samma också i EU. De första reglerna som utfärdats om patentpooler är de riktlinjer som kommissionen gav ut 2004, dessa ger ledning om hur kommissionen kommer att bedöma ett poolsamarbete men de utgör inte bindande rätt.

Positive action is measures that usually constitute discrimination but which are justified when achieving the purpose of an effective equality between people of the society. Positive action regarding gender is regulated in primary law, secondary law and case law of the EU whereas positive action regarding other discrimination groups is regulated in secondary law and negligible regulated in case law.There is a boundary between positive action and discrimination. Primary law gives little guidance on determine that boundary. Secondary law provides more advanced guidelines of how to determining were the boundary is.When determining were the boundaries lays between positive action and discrimination the guidelines given by the European court of justice in case law can be used. The majority of these guidelines are focused on positive action regarding gender.

The economic crisis has affected the airline industry as much as it has affected all other industries in the world. The small airlines and maintenance organisations must find new opportunities and options in order to survive the harsh crisis. Priority Aero Maintenance is now an approved maintenance organisation performing maintenance on aircrafts, engines and components. The company sees economic gains in the future by becoming an approved organisation that follows the European Aviation Safety Agency guidelines (EASA) and meets the requirements outlined in the rules of Part-M.In order for the company to become an approved organization, responsible for continuing airworthiness of aircraft, a handbook should be presented to the local authority. This handbook describes the company?s responsibility for the continuing airworthiness in order for the authorities to get an insight into the company and its work.This thesis resulted in a draft of CAME (Continuing Airworthiness Management Exposition) and this draft has been approved by Priority Aero Maintenance.The CAME will in the future be used by the company as a basis for developing a more detailed manual to be presented to and approved by the Swedish Aviation Authority (Transportstyrelsen)..

Syftet med den här uppsatsen är att undersöka hur Dalregementets militärers giftermålsmönster såg ut under tidsperioden 1650?1799, samt hur dessa påverkades av externa omständigheter som krig, social status och förändrade försörjningsmöjligheter. Den teoretiska grunden har hämtats utifrån tidigare forskning om det västeuropeiska äktenskapsmönstret och olika samhällsgruppers äktenskapsstrategier. En demografisk studie av 221 giftermål har sammanställts från källmaterialet Dalregementets personhistoria I och II.Resultatet av detta har visat att Dalregementets befäls sammanlagda medelålder under tidsperioden 1650?1799 var vid första äktenskapet 31,1 för män och 25,8 för deras makor.

Syftet med denna studie är att söka svar på i vilken omfattning barn har getts möjlighet att uttrycka sin åsikt inom socialtjänstens förhandsbedömningar som inte har lett till utredning. Detta genom att mäta i vilken omfattning barnets närvaro har dokumenterats inom ramen för en förhandsbedömning som inte har lett till utredning. För att besvara studiens syfte användes utvalda variabler för att ta reda på om det finns eventuella omständigheter som kan ha påverkat om barnet har getts möjlighet att uttrycka sin åsikt. Barnets ställning inom socialtjänsten är stärkt på ett flertal vis och denna studie tar avstamp i vad socialtjänstlagen (SFS 2001:453), FN:s konvention om barnets rättigheter och Stockholms stads riktlinjer för socialtjänsten fastställer om barnets möjlighet till att uttrycka sin åsikt i ärenden som rör dess person.  Studien är en kvantitativ aktstudie och empirin består av 384 förhandsbedömningar som inte lett till utredning. Förhandsbedömningarna är genomförda av samma stadsdel inom Stockholms stad under 2013.

Since January 1st 2005 all companies listed on a regulated stock exchange within the European Union are required to present their financial reports in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). The intention of the introduction of IFRS is to achieve international harmonization of accounting rules in order to make financial reports more comparable between companies from different countries. The purpose of financial reports presented in accordance with IFRS is to provide information that is useful to the users of the information. The aim of this paper is to investigate whether the information regarding goodwill and the goodwill impairment test, presented in accordance with IFRS, in fact is useful to a specific group of accounting information users, namely equity analysts. An empirical study is conducted, based on interviews with seven Swedish equity analysts.

This thesis investigates how lobbying influences the European Union Strategy for Sustainable and Circular Textiles (2020-2025). It asks which actors dominate, what strategies they use, and how these patterns can be explained by pluralism, corporatism, new institutionalism, and Kl?ver?s exchange logic. Using a qualitative case study with process tracing and text analysis, the study examines consultation data, official EU documents, and transparency reports. Findings show that commercial actors dominate consultations and expert groups, prioritising product-focused measures over systemic change, while transparency gaps enable informal influence.

This essay investigates, on the basis of the medieval letters, diplomas, how the medieval monasticism contributed to the maintenance of the Danish society's gender structures. The theoretical starting points for the study are gender and class structures and Marcel Mauss presented gift - giving theory. Finally, a continuous comparison is made with Catharina Andersson's results in her dissertation, in which she examines the social structure in the Swedish medieval society. The primary material in the study is the Danish diplomas. 41 diplomas were found relevant for this study.

This paper provides a study about human trafficking with sexual motives performed in European states and the measures taken from national, international and Non-Governmental organizations with the purpose to oppose human trafficking. According to the UN human trafficking has increased and shows tendencies to continue escalating, regardless of the measures taken by various organisations. In this study, four countries with associations to human trafficking have been chosen and organisations related to these countries are studied. The purpose is to inquire into how these organisations work against human trafficking and which objectives and guidelines these organisations strive for together with their values. The aim is to find out which result the organizations efforts gets and if, according to my hypothesis, the efforts oppose themselves.

This thesis analyses the 2005 UK presidency of the Council, and more particularly the negotiations on the future financing of the European Union. The purpose of the study is to discuss whether the holding of the presidency implies political influence for the member state. To analyse the power of the country holding the chair the thesis focuses on the presidency functions of brokering and leadership. The theory suggests that the influence of the presidency is derived from informational and procedural power resources, as well as some leadership resources, such as coercion and reward. A case study was used to analyse whether these power resources were used by the British presidency.

Bakgrund: Redovisningsrådet, som utfärdar svenska redovisningsrekommendationer, publicerade i augusti 2000 rekommendation nr 17, Nedskrivningar. Syftet med rekommendationen är att visa på vilka värderingsmetoder som ska gälla för att säkerställa att tillgångar inte är redovisade till ett för högt värde. Rekommendationen trädde i kraft den 1 januari 2002. Avgivna årsredovisningar för 2002 är därmed första gången rekommendationen måste tillämpas. RR 17 är en översättning av en internationell standard, i detta fall IAS 36, vilken publicerades i juni 1998 av dåvarande IASC (International Accounting Standards Committee).

The period of church awakening in Sweden during the first half of the nineteenth century, has had a great influence on the Swedish society. During that time certain persons are to be noticed. Peter Fjellstedt and Peter Wieselgren, priests in the Swedish Church, are among those who were of special importance. But even the British preacher George Scott and later the Swedish layman Carl-Olof Rosenius became aware of the importance of networking. They all felt a call from God to preach a message of redemption and restoration.

Along with the development of technology, the cross-border trade is increasing and therefore there is a need for greater consumer protection. A good consumer protection creates a feeling of safety for the consumer and that by itself may help to increase cross-border trade. This is one of the reasons for why the EU has established regulatory framework for electronic commerce, for example the Directive2000/31/EC. The direc-tive strives to create a similar law for electronic commerce within the European Union. This paper?s main purpose is to ensure that the directive is implemented properly in Swedish law, and if there are other possible ways to achieve the objective, other than the ones that the Swedish legislator has chosen.