Den traditionella påläggskalkylen har kritiserats för att ofta ge ett bristfälligt beslutsunderlag med schablonmässiga kostnadsfördelningar. ABC- kalkylen utvecklades för att ge mer detaljerade och rättvisande kalkyler och dess användningen har blivit omfattande bland företagen. Ofta används dock ABC-kalkylen som ett separat system utan att integreras med företagets andra system. Man fortsätter att använda den traditionella metoden till externa rapporter. Detta innebär att företaget måste administrera två parallella system, vilket ofta förvirrar och irriterar beslutsfattarna.

Abstract The growth of supra-national organizations, such as the European Union, has been a recent trend in today?s global environment, which has challenged traditional marketing concepts and product cues. One such cue that is significantly challenged is the 'origin cue'. An origin cue is conceived to be a socially constructed notion that consumers use to discern where goods come from and to accordingly evaluate products with. The origin cue is often predominantly materialized in the public sphere by a 'made in' labelling scheme.

Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) is a quality control system created by the European Union (EU) to protect integrity of certain food and drinks that are produced in a specific area in a unique way. By protecting these products, the EU can certify that the traditional region-specific methods of food and drink production are preserved. The EU countries that follow such a system are mostly from Southern Europe. For instance in France, the PDO system has helped improve the income for farmers, boosted the rural development and assured protection for farmers against the abuse of their brand and the selling of their products by outsiders. In Sweden, there are no PDO products yet, instead there is Protected Geographical Indication (PGI) and Traditional Speciality Guarantee (TSG) that are not as protective as PDO.

The wide spread of the Internet and new information technologies in recent years has come to effect how libraries manage and disseminate information. Search engines like Google are widely used by people who often find the information retrieval systems of libraries to be too complicated. In 2004 Google announced plans to digitise five major library collections. Organisations representing the publishing industry and authors have since then filed lawsuits against Google claiming that Googles scanning of library books infringe the rights holders copyright. Due to Googles potential impact on libraries this thesis aims to examine how Googles digitisation project, Google Book Search, has been received in the library community.

The purpose of this study is to examine how two educators at a preschool that is located in a neighborhood south of Stockholm works with TAKK with children who has Down syndrome in a language promotion purposes. The aim is also to investigate what teachers think about using TAKK with children without special needs and children with Down syndrome.In this study, I used qualitative research methods. I've used both observations and interviews to get answers to my questions. The theories which I have used in this thesis is, socio-cultural perspective, including integration and segregated integration.In order to find out how the educators work with TAKK I have asked these questions:How do the educators work with TAKK with children with Down syndrome from a language development perspective?What do the educators express about using TAKK with children without special needs and with children who has Down syndrome?My conclusions to these questions are that the literatures I have read in many ways are consistent with how they work.

The EU Services Directive has caused an intense debate across Europe. Its purpose is to remove obstacles to trade and to open up the public sector to increased competition. The Swedish labour movement has been deeply involved in the policy process, and union leaders have proclaimed the compromise reached in the European Parliament in April 2006 as a success.In the paper two major aspects have been considered: the meaning of the Swedish model and the process of Europeanization. The Swedish model previously allowed for a strong labour movement, through a social democratic hegemony, but the EU membership has implied new conditions for union influence. The paper examines how this change has affected the strategic choices of the Swedish labour movement, and how it has been manifested in the union's work with the Services Directive.

Syfte:. Uppsatsens syfte är att utreda vad som har gjort företaget Medscand Medical framgångsrikt och med denna kunskap som grund utveckla lämplig framtida strategi för företaget. Fokus i strategiformuleringen rör hur företaget skall attrahera, stimulera och utveckla innovationer. Metod: En kvalitativ metod har använts där primärdata i from av intervjuer är den mest betydande informationskällan. Slutsatser: Denna uppsats har med vald teori och empiri analyserat Medscand Medicals framgångsfaktorer och utifrån dessa utvecklat lämplig framtida strategi för företaget.

Floorball is currently the second largest sport in Sweden, yet there is a low ethnic diversity. This study aims to describe, explain and understand how the leaders in Swedish floorball perceive the work with ethnic diversity from the Swedish Floorball Federation and within the associations they seem. The questions of the study are: How do leaders perceive that the Swedish Floorball Federation works to promote ethical diversity in the within the federation? How do the leaders describe their own efforts to promote ethnic diversity within their team / association? How do the leaders perceive their role in increasing ethnic diversity? How do the leaders perceive the sport as an integration arena? The study was based on a qualitative method with semi-structured interviews. The respondents were eight leaders from four different associations, two leaders from each association.

I flera studier beskrivs hur traumatiska barndomsupplevelser och försummelse har samband med psykosocial hälsa/ohälsa i vuxen ålder. Studier visar även hur personlighet (temperament och karaktär) har samband med utvecklande av psykiska problem. I denna studie undersöks dessa faktorer tillsammans, dvs hur förekomsten av problematiska barndomsupplevelser tillsammans med temperamentsfaktorer i personligheten kan predicera olika aspekter av psykosocial hälsa/ohälsa såsom mognad, depression, ångest, social integration samt anknytning. Studien genomfördes i en studentpopulation (n = 228; 31 % män) där studenterna besvarade enkät inkluderade: CTQ BF som mäter barndomsupplevelser, personlighetstestet TCI. Vidare inkluderades SS13 som mäter social integration och anknytning samt HAD som mäter ångest och depression.

A tax penalty is an administrative penalty and is levied when the tax obligated provides false information for the guidance of their own taxation. Further can the taxpayer also be punished for tax evasion for the same false reporting. However, this is contrary to the European Convention that we should not be tried or punished twice for the same crime. The Supreme Court has through practice from 2013 ruled that the right not to be punished twice for the same offense shall include the system in force concerning tax and tax offenses. The Supreme Court has by this judgment determined that the system of penalty and tax evasion is not compatible with the dual test ban.In the light of the judgment the Government submitted in November 2014 a draft to the council regarding double test ban regarding penalty and tax evasion.

Abstract The overall aim of this paper is to examine the impact of ideologies and norms on a legal system. Against a background of a description of the hierarchy of norms in Swedish labour law and in European Union law, respectively, the paper aims to specifically demonstrate the problems caused by the different hierarchies of norms when implementing EU directives in Swedish labor law. The research question examines how the trade unions? right to industrial action towards an undertaker providing transnational services by posting of workers, is affected by the implementation of the Directive 96/71/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 December 1996 concerning the posting of workers in the framework of the provision of services. The paper answers the question under what conditions the Swedish trade unions have the right to take industrial action in situations of posting of workers. Through the study of sources of law and adhering to traditional jurisprudence, this paper investigates the legislation regarding trade unions? rights to take industrial action in situations of posting of workers. In addition to the jurisprudential research, a glance at the history of ideologies is provided.

Begreppet mångfald diskuteras allt oftare i samhällsdebatten och valet av uppsatsämne kändes därför naturligt. Syftet med vår undersökning var att beskriva etnisk mångfald och integration på två arbetsplatser inom bankvärlden.Undersökningen genomfördes på två banker som aktivt valt att anställa invandrare. Vi använde oss av en kvalitativ metod och halvstrukturerade intervjuer och genomförde totalt tio stycken. Resultaten visade att bankerna befinner sig i ett startskede där det än så länge främst är i rekryteringsprocessen samt inom ramen för kundanpassning som tankar om tillvaratagande av etnisk mångfald återfinns. Det finns även en skillnad vad gäller hur de anställda med utländsk bakgrund integrerats i bankerna.

Enligt IFLA:s mångkulturella biblioteksmanifest och Unescos folkbiblioteks- och skolbiblioteksmanifest har folkbibliotek ett ansvar att främja kulturell mångfald. Samtidigt påvisar forskning att folkbibliotek kan fungera som en förlängd arm i den så kallade integrationsprocessen. Med detta som bakgrund har uppsatsen som syfte att studera bibliotekarier vid ett stadsdelsbibliotek i Uppsala och analysera de villkor som präglar deras verksamhet riktad mot invandrare. Uppsatsens teoretiska ramverk är inspirerat av ett sociokulturellt perspektiv så som det beskrivs av pedagogikprofessorn Roger Säljö i Lärande i praktiken ? Ett sociokulturellt perspektiv och Lärande och kulturella redskap: om lärprocesser och det kollektiva minnet.

The aim of this thesis is to study the cause of Egypt´s failed development of the transition to democracy and vice versa, the reason why Turkey succeeded in democratic transition. Thesis methodology is a comparative analysis between design units Egypt and Turkey. Thus, the most similar design used in the investigation.European Commission began in 1998 to review Turkey´s political and economic reforms to fulfil the Copenhagen criteria. 2005 began negotiations on a Turkish- EU membership. U.S and Egypt have enjoyed close economic, security and democratic cooperation since 1975.

Den här uppsatsen belyser implementeringen av den svenska integrationspolitiken utifrån ett nerifrån-och-upp-perspektiv med avstamp i frontlinjebyråkratiteorin. Uppsatsen syftar till att jämföra och beskriva frontlinjebyråkraters myndighetsutövning, med ett särskilt fokus på deras arbete med invandrarklienter. Frågan är i vad mån detta skiljer sig mellan de frontlinjebyråkrater som arbetar med invandrarklienter under deras första tid i samhället och de som inte gör det. Och vilken betydelse kan detta antas ha för det integrationspolitiska utfallet? Det empiriska materialet har samlats in genom kvalitativa intervjuer med frontlinjebyråkrater inom två kommunala förvaltningsmyndigheter i Örebro.