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2243 Uppsatser om Ethical Assessment of Somatic Gene Therapy - Sida 34 av 150
Arbetsterapi för personer med HIV/AIDS : Occupational therapy for persons with HIV/AIDS
Bakgrund: Varje dag smittas i genomsnitt cirka 14 000 personer av HIV i världen. Ny behandling har gjort att dessa patienter idag lever längre. Sjukdomsförlopp samt komplikationer går inte att förutsäga utan är individuellt. Eftersom personer med HIV/AIDS-diagnos nu lever längre kommer behovet av arbetsterapeutiska insatser att öka. Syfte: Syftet med studien är att beskriva arbetsterapeutiska insatser för personer med HIV/AIDS samt vilken roll arbetsterapeuten har i arbetet kring dessa personer.
Antibiotic resistance associated with bacteria in irrigation water : a case study of irrigation ponds in Southern Sweden
The
focus
of
this
project
was
to
characterize
the
occurrence
of
ESBL-?producing
bacteria
in
two
irrigation
water
ponds
in
Southern
Sweden.
Samples
were
taken
from
two
ponds
nearby
each
other,
from
which
analyses
were
made
based
on
levels
of
community
and
individual
isolates.
Community
samples
were
used
for
attempts
for
characterization
of
resistance
patterns
in
irrigation
water
using
the
Omnilog
PM-?plate
system.
The
growth
of
community
microbiota
in
the
presence
of
the
following
antibiotic
substances
was
assessed;
amikacin,
gentamicin,
kanamycin,
penicillin
G,
ampicillin,
piperacillin,
trimethoprim,
potassium
tellurite
and
ciprofloxacin.
Isolates
were
pure
cultured
using
semi-?selective
media:
LB,
Rainbow
Agar,
mEnterococcus,
0.1
TSA
and
VRBD.
A
total
of
177
isolates
were
isolated
randomly.
Each
isolate
was
identified
using
the
Omnilog
GENIII-?system
of
biochemical
characterization.
Further,
the
isolates
were
tested
on
Brilliance
ESBL-?agar
for
their
ability
to
grow.
Out
of
the
total
number
of
isolates,
30
were
selected,
preferably
Enterobacteriaceae
or
Pseudomonas
spp.,
based
on
their
high
similarity
to
library
strain
during
the
identification
in
the
Omnilog-?system.
These
were
further
characterized
using
Etest-?sticks.
Three
selected
strains
were
picked
for
further
analyses
using
exogenous
isolation
for
attempts
to
simulate
horizontal
gene
transfer,
and
Omnilog
PM-?panels
containing
various
antibiotics
of
interest.
Selections
of
samples
were
chosen
for
molecular
tests
targeting
plasmid-?borne
resistance
genes
CTX-?M1,
CTX-?M2
and
SHV.
The
method
for
assessing
community-?resistance
patterns
showed
ambiguous
data
that
was
difficult
to
interpret;
further
optimization
is
recommended.
For
all
tested
PM-?plates,
generally
greatest
differences
between
substances
were
found
among
wells
with
the
strongest
concentration
of
antibiotic
substance.
A
total
of
175
isolates
displayed
ability
to
grow
on
ESBL-?agar.
Etests
confirmed
ability
of
isolates
to
resist
many
?-?lactam
antibiotics
and
many
were
clinically
resistant
to
certain
substances.
No
plasmids
were
transferred
during
exogenous
isolation.
During
molecular
tests,
a
few
matches
were
found
for
the
CTX-?M1
gene.
Isolates
analyzed
with
Omnilog
PM-?plates
showed
resistance
to
most
compounds
tested.
The
isolates
showed
greatest
resistance
toward
penicillin
G,
ampicillin,
amikacin,
kanamycin
and
trimethoprim.
In
the
study,
it
was
established
that
resistance
among
bacteria
was
frequently
occurring
in
the
irrigation
water,
and
?-?lactamase
producing
bacteria
was
very
common.
Extended
studies
are
needed
to
assess
the
frequency-?
and
occurrence
of
horizontal
gene
transfer
(HGF)
in
this
environment.
Although
some
potential
corresponding
data
is
found,
it
is
at
this
point
not
possible
to
determine
whether
the
resistances
are
due
to
antibiotics
used
in
veterinary
medicine,
human
medicine
or
one
additional
reason
is
travel
and
trade.
in
irrigation
water
using
the
Omnilog
PM-?plate
system.
The
growth
of
community
microbiota
in
the
presence
of
the
following
antibiotic
substances
was
assessed;
amikacin,
gentamicin,
kanamycin,
penicillin
G,
ampicillin,
piperacillin,
trimethoprim,
potassium
tellurite
and
ciprofloxacin.
Isolates
were
pure
cultured
using
semi-?selective
media:
LB,
Rainbow
Agar,
mEnterococcus,
0.1
TSA
and
VRBD.
A
total
of
177
isolates
were
isolated
randomly.
Each
isolate
was
identified
using
the
Omnilog
GENIII-?system
of
biochemical
characterization.
Further,
the
isolates
were
tested
on
Brilliance
ESBL-?agar
for
their
ability
to
grow.
Out
of
the
total
number
of
isolates,
30
were
selected,
preferably
Enterobacteriaceae
or
Pseudomonas
spp.,
based
on
their
high
similarity
to
library
strain
during
the
identification
in
the
Omnilog-?system.
These
were
further
characterized
using
Etest-?sticks.
Three
selected
strains
were
picked
for
further
analyses
using
exogenous
isolation
for
attempts
to
simulate
horizontal
gene
transfer,
and
Omnilog
PM-?panels
containing
various
antibiotics
of
interest.
Selections
of
samples
were
chosen
for
molecular
tests
targeting
plasmid-?borne
resistance
genes
CTX-?M1,
CTX-?M2
and
SHV.
The
method
for
assessing
community-?resistance
patterns
showed
ambiguous
data
that
was
difficult
to
interpret;
further
optimization
is
recommended.
For
all
tested
PM-?plates,
generally
greatest
differences
between
substances
were
found
among
wells
with
the
strongest
concentration
of
antibiotic
substance.
A
total
of
175
isolates
displayed
ability
to
grow
on
ESBL-?agar.
Etests
confirmed
ability
of
isolates
to
resist
many
?-?lactam
antibiotics
and
many
were
clinically
resistant
to
certain
substances.
No
plasmids
were
transferred
during
exogenous
isolation.
During
molecular
tests,
a
few
matches
were
found
for
the
CTX-?M1
gene.
Isolates
analyzed
with
Omnilog
PM-?plates
showed
resistance
to
most
compounds
tested.
The
isolates
showed
greatest
resistance
toward
penicillin
G,
ampicillin,
amikacin,
kanamycin
and
trimethoprim.
In
the
study,
it
was
established
that
resistance
among
bacteria
was
frequently
occurring
in
the
irrigation
water,
and
?-?lactamase
producing
bacteria
was
very
common.
Extended
studies
are
needed
to
assess
the
frequency-?
and
occurrence
of
horizontal
gene
transfer
(HGF)
in
this
environment.
Although
some
potential
corresponding
data
is
found,
it
is
at
this
point
not
possible
to
determine
whether
the
resistances
are
due
to
antibiotics
used
in
veterinary
medicine,
human
medicine
or
one
additional
reason
is
travel
and
trade..
Patienters och anhörigas upplevelser och åsikter vid omvårdnaden av Anorexia Nervosa samt olika behandlingsformer
The object with the study of this literature was to describe differente programs of care and patients and relatives experience and opinion about the caring for patients with Anorexia Nervosa. The method the author used was a descriptive literature study based on imperial studies. The studies were based on 15 scientific articles within the chosen field. The results shows that these patients hade special needs to be seen and heard as individuals, involved in their own treatment, and have good contact with the caring staff. The study also shows which methods were mostly appreciated involving nurses, patients and relatives.
Ägande av hyresbostäder i Sverige : Marknadstrender under perioden 2006 ? 2012
The real estate industry is a sector where the companies generally have a capital structure which is high leveraged. The financing? with the related terms ? is therefore specifically of high importance for the companies in the sector. Traditionally, the way of obtain financing is by borrowing from the bank. Lately, due to new bank regulations, the banks have become more restrictive in their lending which have lead to a growth of other financing alternatives.
Emotional Availability Scales -Therapy : Att mäta emotionell tillgänglighet mellan terapeut och patient i en psykoterapi
Syftet med uppsatsen var att utarbeta och prova EAS-T (Emotional Availability Scales ? Therapy), en manual för att mäta emotionell tillgänglighet mellan terapeut och patient i en psykoterapi. Arbetet ingår som en del i projektet LURIPP (Linköping University Relational and Interpersonal Psychotherapy Project).Våra frågeställningar var:* Kan man mäta den emotionella tillgängligheten i en psykoterapi med EAS-T?* Finns det någon korrelation mellan EAS-T och patientskattade processmått? För att svara på frågorna har vi arbetat med att modifiera EAS (Emotional Availability Scales), ett instrument som används för att mäta kvalitén på relationen mellan förälder och barn, så att den ska passa terapeut-patient-relationen. Vi har skattat videoinspelade sessioner av IPT-terapier (interpersonell psykoterapi) med hjälp av detta instrument.
Föroreningstransport i grundvatten : En modelljämförelse
This thesis compares different methods for risk assessment of a creosote contaminated site in Vansbro, Dalarna. In a complementary study the importance of using representative data for calibration and validation of stationary groundwater models is discussed. The time dependency between surface water levels and groundwater levels on the site in Vansbro is evaluated by step response analysis. The results show that the groundwater levels reflect only long-term variation in the surface water levels. Hence the use of such long-term means for calibration and validation of the stationary groundwater models is the only theoretically defendable alternative.As a first step in the comparison of risk assessment methods the degree of contamination is evaluated on the basis of generic guideline values for contaminated soils, developed by the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency.
Känslan av att inte räcka till : en essä om tid, närvaro och förskolebarn i behov av särskilt stöd
In this essay I consider a self-experienced dilemma, and review how I, as a preschool teacher, treat a child with special needs. With the support of literature and theory, I can, with an essay writing approach, reflect and analyze the dilemma. In this way I will examine my practical knowledge and personal experiences of a complex situation. I want to examine whether children with special needs who are included in regular preschool activities, really get the support they need and deserve. Do educators have the conditions and does preschool have sufficient resources to realize this? Do educators have sufficient knowledge of how children with special needs should be responded to? I want to find out how the included children's social development and self-image is shaped by the treatment they receive at the preschool.
Föredra att förebygga - En litteraturstudie om sjuksköterskans preventiva insatser mot trycksår.
Pressure ulcers cause a lot of patients unnecessary suffering. This suffering could be decreased through improved knowledge about prevention, so that pressure ulcer will not appear. The purpose with this review was to study how nurses assess risk and prevent pressure ulcer, and to study how nurses use available knowledge. The method consisted of searches in databases and searching trough references. Our result is based on ten articles, qualitative, quantitative and reviews.
Minor fieled study - molecular epidemiologi of rabies in Sao Paulo state and Minas Gerais state, Brazil
Rabies is a fatal zoonotic disease spread worldwide. The most common sources of infection
for all animals and humans are bites from dogs or bats. The aim of this degree project was to
diagnose and determine the source of infection for 11 rabies samples from São Paulo State
and Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Diagnosis was made through direct immunofluorescence
assay, mouse inoculation and RT-PCR. The sources of infection were determined by
sequencing 234 nucleotides of the 5? end of the N-gene and align these with homologous
sequences retrieved from GenBank.
När läraren blir elev : En kvalitativ studie av argumenterande texter skrivna av lärare
The present study aims to examine how teachers write polemical articles. This genre often occurs in national standardized tests in Swedish schools. The study seeks to analyze argumentative structures in the articles. It also categorizes assessment notes written by the teachers in response to each others? articles, by interpreting response texts. The examination shows that there is uncertainty among the teachers about how to create structures in argumentative text types.
Funktionell familjeterapi (FFT), är den funktionell? : Familjebehandlarens erfarenheter av arbete med Funktionell familjeterapi (FFT) i socialtjänstens öppenvård
Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur familjebehandlare upplever det att arbeta med FFT-metoden samt de faktorerna som gör den funktionell. Eftersom FFT är anpassad till den amerikanska kulturen som skiljer sig ganska mycket från den svenska, båda i kultur och socialsystem är det viktigt att inte bara utvärdera utifrån modellen men också hur implementering och anpassning av modellen har gått. För att kunna besvara syftet och frågeställningar har fem kvalitativa intervjuer genomförts av semistrukturerad karaktär. Urvalet av respondenter gjordes utifrån snöbollsmetoden där de intervjuade arbetar inom socialtjänstens öppenvård. Resultaten visade att det finns många saker som ska tas hänsyn till vid anpassning till andra kulturer, bland annat utbildningar, målgrupper och ekonomi. FFT är en behandlingsmetod och en påbyggnadsutbildning där gränsen mellan det som är klientens behandling och det som är FFT-terapeuternas utbildning är diffus.
Sjuksköterskans roll och behov av utökad utbildning i palliativ vård : en litteraturstudie
Palliative care is a care that focuses on providing end of life care but not to delay or hasten death. Despite training, nurses often show a lack of knowledge in attitude, ethics and healthcare issues of palliative care. The nurse in palliative care has a central role in caring of the dying patient and therefore a big responsibility. However, palliative care is a low priority in basic training. The aim of this study is to investigate the roles of nurses in palliative care and if there is a need for increased education in the subject.
Behandling av tinnitus med kognitiv beteendeterapi ? en litteraturstudie
Tinnitus is the perception of sound in the absence of an external source. 10-15 % of the population is experiencing tinnitus. There are different causes such as damage to the inner ear, musculartension and stress. Tinnitus affects many different aspects of an individuals life and often disturbs everyday activities. There are different treatments for tinnitus.
Steroid-responsiv meningit-arterit hos hund :
Steroid-responsive meningitis-arteritis (SRMA) is a common form of meningitis in dogs. The condition is immunopathological, but the etiology is not yet fully understood. The aim of this study was to compile facts about the disease from records of Swedish dogs. The owners were interviewed by telephone for follow up where it was possible.
15 dogs were included in the study. All of them were neurologically examined in the Small Animal Clinic at the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences.
Personer med synnedsättning och deras erfarenheter av tillgängligheten i utemiljön och på offentliga platser
Syftet med studien var att beskriva vad personer med synnedsättning har för erfarenheter av tillgänglighet i utemiljöer och på offentliga platser. Författarna valde en intervjubaserad metod för att besvara studiens syfte där nio personer från två olika län intervjuades utifrån semistrukturerade intervjufrågor. Inklusionskriterierna för studien var att deltagarna skulle ha en synskärpa på mindre än 0,3 och vara medlem i synskadades riksförbund. Data analyserades utifrån en kvalitativ innehållsanalys som mynnade ut i tre kategorier ?tillgänglig miljö, skillnad mellan självständighet och beroende?, ?tillgänglig miljö, skillnad mellan trygghet och otrygghet? och ?allmän okunskap om tillgänglig miljö?.