I Sverige är soja det vanligaste proteinfodermedlet inom fjäderfäproduktionen. Att utfodra med inhemska proteinfodermedel istället för soja kan göra slaktkycklingsproduktionen mer hållbar. I Sverige är åkerbönan ett alternativ att ersätta sojan med då den är rik på råprotein och skördarna i landet har ökat de senaste åren. Åkerbönan innehåller dock antinutritionella substanser (ANS) så som tanniner, trypsininhibitorer och lektiner, som försämrar näringsupptaget hos kycklingen. Vitblommig åkerböna innehåller låg mängd av tanniner, men innehåller däremot trypsininhibitorer och lektiner, vilket kan medföra att det blir svårare för kycklingen att tillgodogöra sig protein, vilket kan leda till försämrade produktionsegenskaper.

This study was the first part of a larger project investigating a new surveillance method for Echinococcus multilocularis. In this study we examined livers from wild boar (Sus scrofa), looking for lesions caused by E. multilocularis. E. multilocularis is a small tapeworm which has an indirect life cycle.

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that manifests as an increased level of glucose in the blood. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), 347 million people have diabetes worldwide. In year 2004, 3.4 million people died from the consequences of high blood glucose. In the Swedish population the prevalence of diabetes is estimated to 3-4 %, out of which 85-90% are Type 2. Among senior citizens a prevalence of diabetes is seen in Sweden up to 14 - 15%.

Enzymatisk modifiering av fiskolja - jämförelse mellan olika lipaser.I detta arbete studerades tre olika lipaser som katalyserade en metanolysreaktion i fiskolja.Målet med arbetet var att finna ett specifikt lipas för produktion av en EPA/DHA fraktioner från fiskoljan i en metanolysreaktion få högt utbyte av Sn-2 monoglycerider av EPA och/eller DHA och med detta kunna möjliggöra uppkoncentrering av hälsoviktiga fettsyror jämföra reaktionen i normal och superkritisk atmosfär.Metanolysen ägde rum i normal och superkritisk atmosfär genom att oljan, Enzymet och metanol blandades i respektive reaktorn.Sn-1,3 specifika lipaser var isolerade från Thermomyces lanuginosa (Lipozym TL IM från Novozymes, Danmark) och Rhizomucor miehei (Lypozym RM IM från Novozymes, Danmark ) och ospecifik lipas från Pseudamonas sp.(Amano-C från Amano Enzyme Inc. Japan). Alla Enzymer var immobiliserade på jonbytare.I försöken användes ?Ledins? fiskolja som var köpt i en lokal affär. Oljan var en blandning extraherad från oceanernas olika fiskklasser.

Intramuscular injections to cats can generate strong reactions in some individuals while reactions of the same extent, according to the author, not always are recognized when using the subcutaneous route. The reactions are probably caused by fear, stress and/or pain. When the injection can generate pain one has to take that into account, which can be a limitation in treatment. It is well known that injections generate pain, but knowledge about the cause and processes of the injection-associated pain is limited. This is mainly due to the difficulty in finding objects to study pain on, high cost of use of laboratory animals and difficulty to obtain objective measurements. Although there is evidence that there may be a local muscle injury by intramuscular injection, it is not always that the extent of damage is related to the pain experienced. Facts about the causes of injection-associated pain have been studied in a literature review.

The aim of this study was to in laboratory experiments investigate how addition of urea, ECOX and structural materials can optimize sanitization during composting of sewage sludge. Today we strive for a sustainable society and the importance of closing the nutrient loop increases. It has therefore become even more important to safely reuse plant nutrients from human excreta to agricultural land. Partly because it increases the sustainability of society as the world's supply of many nutrients are finite, partly because it promotes human health, both by reducing disease transmission and by increasing Agricultural production. An untapped resource such as sewage sludge that is rich in nutrients and humus-forming materials could replace parts of the commercial fertilizers used in Sweden today. owever, sewage sludge contains undesirable substances such as heavy metals and drug residues, and pathogenic microorganisms.

In metabolism Mg plays an important role because it affects many cellular Enzymes in the body. The energy metabolism and protein synthesis are dependent on Mg as an Enzyme activator, Mg is also involved in the synthesis of RNA and DNA. Absorption of Mg primarily takes place over the ruminal epithelium in ruminants. The main storage of Mg is in the bones but that can only be reached if the cow is in great need of calcium or phosphorus, it's a hormonal regulated process that induces catabolism of bones. Free and available sources of Mg are found in soft tissues and in the extra cellular fluids that includes cerebrospinal fluids and blood.

Borrelios är den vanligaste fästingburna infektionen på norra halvklotet, och orsakas av spiroketer tillhörande Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato-komplexet. Dessa bakterier kan spridas till flera organ och ge upphov till olika symptom i bland annat hud, nervsystem, leder och hjärta. Omkring 15 % utvecklar neurologiska symptom, så kallad neuroborrelios. Den bästa indikatorn på aktiv neuroborrelios är framförallt karakteristiska neurologiska symptom samt tecken på en inflammatorisk förändring i cerebrospinalvätskan (CSV) i kombination med lokalt producerade antikroppar mot Borrelia burgdorferi s.l. i CSV.

Bringing back the nutrients from the city to the country is becoming increasingly important, as the world?s stores of nutrients get more exhausted. Sewage sludge is an unapplied resource, rich in plant nutrients, which could replace parts of the commercial fertilizers used in Sweden today. Sewage sludge may contain large amounts of pathogens, such as Campylobacter and Salmonella, why use can cause severe spreading of infections, both to animals and humans. These pathogens have the ability to survive for a long time in soil and water and therefore some sort of treatment of the sludge is recommended before use.

Ethanol for automotive purposes is an issue much debated and researchers disagree about the benefits of bioethanol. Converting energy-rich crops into ethanol suitable as motor fuel is a complex process and continuous development and improvements of processes and material used are important steps in the work of developing environmental friendly fuels. Grain is usually preserved by drying which consumes a lot of energy. Alternative storage of high-moisture grain in airtight storage systems reduce the energy required to produce bioethanol and studies have also shown that ethanol yields are increased more than 10% in ethanol fermentations of moist grain compared to dry. Airtight storage is often not perfectly airtight so biocontrol agents are necessary in order to preserve the grain.

Osteoartrit (OA) är ett mycket vanligt problem hos hästar och har i många fall sitt ursprung från felaktig belastning av leden, blir ofta kroniska och omfattar inflammation i ledens samtliga ingående delar. Resultatet är bland annat nedbrytning av ledbrosk och matrixkomponeneter. Idag baseras diagnostik och framtida prognos mestadels på den kliniska bilden och/eller bilddiagnostiska hjälpmedel. I denna studie har två inflammationsmediatorer; interleukin 1? (IL-1?), high mobility group box protein 1 (HMGB-1), och ett enzym; matrixmetallopeptidas 13 (MMP-13) mätts i ledvätska och serum med hjälp av kommersiell Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)-teknik. Hypotesen är att dessa är förhöjda i ledvätska från leder med konstaterad hälta. Tjugonio ledvätskeprov och 11 serumprov från 11 hästar som sökt till Universitetsdjursjukhuset i Uppsala för hälta analyserades i denna studie.

Hemoglobin is built up from protein and heme groups which give the blood its red colour . Hemoglobin transports oxygen and carbon dioxide between the lungs and other tissues in the body. Normally, a piglet has a hemoglobin value of 130-150 gram per liter blood, and the lower limit before anaemia appears is 80 grams per liter blood. The immune defense is also dependent upon the presence of iron in hemoglobin, since iron participates in different Enzyme systems. When the piglet develops anaemia, it becomes pale and thicker around the neck.

The dog has often served as a model animal for humans in scientific studies. This is due to the fact that dogs are susceptible to a wide range of diseases which also affect humans. One example is cancer, a condition that affects dogs as well as owners. Neoplastic diseases account for 18-23 % of all deaths in dogs (Bonnet et al., 2005 and Jagielski et al., 2002). Mammary tumor, or tumor of the breast, is the most common tumor form in intact dogs and women (Im et al., 2013). Mammary tumors originate in the udder, and are classified according to their histological characteristics.