Denna studie syftar att i relation till governance-perspektivet granska forskares argumentation kring reglering avgeoengineering. Detta för att utläsa om den reglering som forskare argumenterar för kan väntas vara effektiv närklimatfrågor styrs allt mer integrerat från samhället.Geoengineering är samlingsnamnet för tekniker som återbalanserar klimatet för att motverka klimatförändringar.Teknikerna innebär stora risker då kunskapen idag är liten om effekter från användning. I dagsläget finns inte hellernågon direkt reglering av geoengineeringteknikerna, endast några tekniker regleras till viss del av internationella avtalfrån FN. Detta framhävs som ett starkt argument av flertalet forskare för varför reglering är nödvändigt att utforma.Att en enskild aktör, eller en begränsad grupp aktörer kan använda teknikerna utan samtycke från andra staterpresenteras som ytterligare ett argument till varför reglering är nödvändigt.Hur forskarna menar att regleringen bör utformas för största effekt varierar, men överens är de om att i slutändankrävs en internationell reglering, då effekterna från teknikerna är globala. En sådan utformning är inte helt förenlig medgovernance-perspektivet som syftar till en styrning som är integrerad i samhället och inte som bindande internationellaavtal som integreras i politiken inom staterna.

Green public procurement (GPP) can be used as an instrument to reduce carbon dioxide emissions, and consideration of environmental aspects within public procurement is becoming more common in Sweden and internationally. Two product groups that have been pointed out as especially important are transports and electricity, where the opportunities for public purchasers to reduce emissions are relatively large. This paper studies GPP which aims at reducing emissions, primarily of carbon dioxide, through environmental requirements within these two product groups. A theoretical analysis of cost-effectiveness, transaction costs and effects on technological development is performed, followed by a closer study of how these aspects appear in practice within GPP. The results indicate that a cost-effective allocation of reductions between the two product groups is most likely to be attained if the main part of emission reduction is achieved through environmental requirements on electricity. The cost for emission reduction within transports is relatively high, especially for heavy transports. For transportation services, more generally focused requirements on emission reductions could probably give greater environmental gains, but the existence of transaction costs steer the environmental requirements towards more technology specific types.

During the spring semester of 2012 did Petra Hollsten independently a thesis on reducing the environmental impact of capsule for coffee, tea and chocolate. The work was performed at Karlstad University, Faculty of Technology and Science under the Bachelor of Science program in innovation, technology and design. The project's scope is at 22.5 points.The employment for this project is the company Löfbergs Lila AB in Karlstad. Supervisor at the Principal has been Maria Herou Wallner and Sandra Lyxell, product managers. Supervisor at Karlstad University is Monica Jakobsson, lecturer and program leader for innovation and design engineering program.

Lund who has over 90 systems in 12 departments and now wants to streamline the management of these IT systems. Governance of IT systems is something that Lund would treat as it carried a large amount of changes in their practices, where the control is something missed in trying to standardize their systems. What's missing for Lund Municipality is routine to fall back on in order to streamline the management when they get into these complex situations.Given that Lund treat so many systems make it so that the situation quickly becomes very complex due of the organization's structure. The municipality is divided into twelve departments that have their own goals, it is an organization that is organized, which makes creating standards become complicated when all departments have different needs. Our study was based on a framework that deals with complex environments that lack a clear definition.An analysis was conducted where we started from the theory associated with the interviews conducted in which we aimed to understand their decision and understand the processes that affect system development.

Sverige har under många år varit ledande i e-förvaltningsarbetet och har utformat ett flertal handlingsplaner för införandet. E-förvaltningsarbetet har drabbats av svårigheter och problem under åren och år 2008 startades e-förvaltningsarbetet om med en ny handlingsplan. Även denna handlingsplan har utsatts för kritik såsom att det bara en vision som saknar riktlinjer hur e-förvaltningsarbetet skall realiseras. Ledande personer inom forskningsämnet anser att handlingsplanen inte är tillräcklig för att stödja och leda kommunerna i e-förvaltningsarbetet. Studien syftar till att undersöka hur handlingsplanen omvandlas till styrning och strategier i offentliga förvaltningar.

This thesis provides a good introduction to the American environmental certification system LEED, Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design, and trough compar-isons between Sweden and the United States an explanation to the systems design is given. The work is closely linked to a LEED Core & Shell project in Stockholm, Swe-den, where the goal is to reach the second highest rating in LEED - Gold.This thesis gives a broad description of the LEED system and a more profound study of the energy sector, Energy and Atmosphere. Here, for example, an analysis has been made of how the energy consumption of an imaginary building designed according to the requirements of the BBR (Swedish building code) performs in comparison to the Baseline building in LEED.The existing model of Borgarfjord 3, which served as a case study in this work, has al-so been modified to investigate the energy savings that could have been achieved by adding extra insulation to the building. A description of the problems, regarding how the Swedish district heating system (DES) is treated in LEED, is given as well as the suggested modifications. This is an issue that will be pursued during the process of shaping a new, international, version of LEED due to be launched 2012..

Sustainability questions that concern the subjects of environmental and social aspects are increasing in today?s society, and therefore the sustainability report is a way for companies to show their work with sustainability development by working with a clear report and follow up. As the first country in the world, Sweden has decided, as from the financial year of 2008, that all governmental owned companies should present a sustainability report according to the guidelines of GRI. The aim of this essay was to identify and analyze actual events from a sustainability aspect for Vattenfall, from a medial perspective during the time period 2005-2009. We made a content analysis of one company?s sustainability reports during a time period of five years and we connected this to the medias reports of the company from the same period, to see if there were any connections between the subjects that media had elucidated.

The purpose of this thesis is to examine the networks of interlocking directors in the 50 largestSwedish companies on the Stockholm Stock Exchange during the years 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005and 2010 and seek explanations for the observed developments.Our findings indicate that the density and concentration of the network has decreased during thefirst ten-year period and stayed constant during the second period. The development of theoverall network is not consistent throughout all corporate groups. Most notablyHandelsbankssfären seems to experience increased density and connectivity whileWallenbergsfären is experiencing the reverse.The changes during the first ten-year period is deemed to come mainly from changes inregulations pertaining to both the opening for international capital investments as well as looserrestrictions on domestic capital investments. These changes have caused decreased concentrationof ownership, as well as the emergence of new owners, which is reflected in the board ofdirectors.During the second ten-year period the changes are more pertaining to the individual boards andboard members, without flowing through into the overall network. Our findings indicate thatthese changes are caused by the increased professionalization of boards and board work, whichhas gained momentum through the creation of the Swedish Corporate Governance Code..

Uppsatsens titel: Private Equity ? värdeskapande processer vid buyout-investeringar Seminariedatum: 2008-06-05 Ämne/kurs: FEKK01, Examensarbete kandidatnivå, 15 poäng Författare: Victor Kask, Marcus Löfgren, Petter Werner Handledare: Tore Eriksson Nyckelord: Private Equity, Värdeskapande, LBO, MBO, Corporate Governance Syfte: Syftet är att beskriva och analysera hur Private Equity bolagen arbetar för att skapa värde i sina portföljbolag. Metod: Uppsatsens utformning utgår från en kvalitativ undersökning där informationen baseras på semistrukturerade intervjuer med personer som har olika befattningar inom den svenska Private Equity branschen. Teoriska perspektiv: Det teoretiska ramverket baseras på teorier hämtade från kurslitteratur och relevanta artiklar. Empiri: Det empiriska materialet som är grundläggande för analysen är hämtat från de semistrukturerade kvalitativa intervjuerna.

There are several man-made environmental problems in today?s society. Tourism gives a lot of people serenity, creates jobs and better social circumstances but also has a dark side, a dark side that is harming our environment. Mass tourism creates large amounts of harmful gasses through transportation of tourists, littering ends up in pollution and acidification and the list goes on. Ecotourism has during the latter part of the last decade been marketed as a counter pool to the harmful kind of tourism and offers connectedness to nature.

ISO14001:2004 : A Human Ecological Tool?This is a study by means of litterature analysis and personal experience to find out wheather you could call ISO14001:2004 a Human Ecological tool. The ISO14001 is an environmental management system. I'm approaching the issue from a users' perspective and putting my experience of implementing the ISO 9001 at my work to good use. Though my personal experience is limited to the implementation of the ISO 9001, it is quite relevant to the task since the update of 2004 the ISO14001:2004 is brought closer to the ISO 9001 standard in many ways.

The recent development in several countries? legislation and best practice recommendations in relation to corporate governance in general and audit committees in particular have affected Swedish listed corporations in the form of the Swedish Corporate Governance Code and the coming EU-directive. This paper aims to discover what factors affected Swedish listed companies to form audit committees when this was entirely voluntary. We collected data from the annual reports of 121 Swedish listed companies and formed eleven hypotheses as to what factors we believed affected the voluntary formation of audit committees based on Agency Theory, economies of scale and circumstances specific to the Swedish environment. We then analyzed the data through the use of a multivariate logistic regression model.

The purpose of this study is to examine how Viking Line, Tallink Silja and Birka Cruises work with economic and environmental sustainability, and also to see how they work with new environmental legislations. In 2015 a new environmental legislation will be introduced, by the name Sulphur directive. The Sulphur directive entails a reduction in Sulphur dioxide emissions from ships where the emissions cannot exceed 0,1 percent. There are three alternatives to achieve the new environmental legislation, the use of Marine Gas Oil, LNG or scrubbers. All three alternatives will lead to increasing costs for the shipping industry.

The purpose of this Bachelor degree project is to design different types of services that can increase the amount of re-used timber within the building sector and by that means improve their environmental efforts. By examining how the sectors environmental work concerning recycling and re-using timber as a building material is getting on at present, conclusions have been drawn about what further could be done for improvement.The project has shown that there is a scarcity of information and statistics within the sector, but that there are efforts in progress to change this. Questionnaires have been sent to a number of companies working with demolition and utilizing re-usable materials in order to find out what kind of problems there are within the trade. Unfortunately the survey gave insufficient result due to the low reply frequency.It is obvious that active environmental work within the building sector is important and the knowledge acquired while working with the project has led to the design of three suggestions for services regarded as being of interest for improving the negative environmental impact caused by the sector:Suggestion 1 ? Sale of construction parts prior to the demolition of a buildingSuggestion 2 ? Re-utilization circulation when manufacturing buildingsSuggestion 3 ? Education in relation to the purchase of houses  The positive and negative qualities of the suggestions have been examined with SWOT-analysis and further adaptions and the results have been interpreted.

The urgency of sustanible development is world-over issue. This essay focuses on the relations of enviromental ethics in the context of the Swedish upper secondary school and the subject of geography, by analysing different educational texts.The purpose of this essay is to reveal and identify discourses of enviromental ethics in curriculum documents; Lgr 11 and the plan- and the coursedocuments for the subject of geography, in educational publisher?s textbooks and in sponsored texts related to the subject of geography and finally to discuss potential consequences this might implicate for education. For this have the methodology of Norman Fairclough´s critical discourse theory, CDA, as well as a matrix of environmental ethics, based upon Mikael Stenmarks classifications of enviromental ethics, been used.In the Cirriculum, Lgr 11 and documents for the subject of Geography, and in the educational textbooks from ?Liber? and ?Gleerups?, are the environmental ethics of intergenerational anthropocentrism the dominant.