The incineration of waste is steadily increasing in Sweden and so is the production of ashes. The bottom ash has for many years been used as construction material in landfills. Now many of the nation's landfills are closed and there is a great need to find another beneficial use for the ash. Bottom ash is a gravel-like material and with its material properties it can replace natural gravel in parts of roads and surface constructions. Today this use is only approved within landfill areas where leachate is collected and checked.

In many European countries there is an increasing concern about the occasionally high concentrations of nitrate and pesticides in drinking water. The advent of the EU Water Framework Directive particularly highlights this. The directive states that all large drinking water sources should be identified and protected from pollution before 2009 and that by 2015 all water bodies should reach a 'good status'. In Sweden about 60 percent of the drinking water sources have protection areas. This means that about 700 new water protection areas need to be designated before 2009. This will affect many farmers, restricting their farming practices. The purpose of this study was to investigate which methods are used in other countries concerning nitrate and pesticide pollution from agriculture. From this, the expectation was to generate ideas on what could be undertaken in Sweden when designating new protection areas.

Sweden recently changed the national regulation of chimney sweeping. This study has two purposes. The first purpose is to evaluate the effect of this reform to see if the new regulation has led to an effect in terms of increased chimney fires in single-family houses and for the wood-burning and oil-burning stoves, respectively. The second purpose is an updating of a previous study (Mattsson 1994) of analysis of society´s benefits and costs of different alternative sweeping frequencies for wood-burning and oil-burning stoves. This study also has a secondary purpose to examine the extent to which the local sweeping rules vary with climate conditions.  Mattsson, based on his results, proposed that the sweeping requirements for oil-burning stoves should be reduced from twice a year to once every second year and for wood-burning stoves the sweeping should be reduced from four times to once each year.

Each year, the coffee machines at Ericsson in Kista produce around 100 tons of ground coffee waste.The companies Coor Service Management, Löfbergs Lila and Selecta are all responsible for differentstages in the logistical chain in delivering coffee and, together with Ericsson, they want to increasetheir environmental benefit. The plan is to produce biogas through anaerobic digestion instead ofincinerating the coffee waste in a heating plant. The results are to be presented as different businesscases in which different biogas plants are compared with the reference case (heating plant),comparing costs and environmental impacts.There are two major environmental benefits from producing biogas; reduced carbon dioxideemissions from when fossile fule is replaced by carbon neutral biogas, and reduced emissions fromreturning digestate from the bio reactor to farmland instead of using industrial fertelizer.In order to determine the biogas potential in coffee waste, a couple of properties had to bedetermined in a laboratory. Properties such as the dry substance content, heating value, moisturecontent and ash content. The results show that 100 tons coffee waste could produce around 16 500Nm3 biogas which would contain 163 MWh.The biogas reactor and upgrade plant both need energy gas to function and uses around 14 MWh ofthe produced gas.

Vi har funnit att fyra faktorer tillsammans kan bidra till ett ökad CTR. Dessa är: design/utformning, målgruppsanpassning, involvement och varumärkeskännedom.

Begreppet välfärdsfällan beskriver den situation där det i välfärdssamhället inte är ekono-miskt lönsamt att övergå från socialbidragstagande till arbete, då bidragen minskar i samma takt som arbetsinkomsten ökar. Uppsatsen syftar till att svara på vilka möjligheter som finns att åtgärda detta, med fokus vad som är möjligt i det svenska samhället, och huruvida den nya svenska regeringens arbetsmarknadspolitik kan tänkas minska välfärdsfällan. Den internationellt mest framgångsrika modellen med sänkt skatt på inkomst av arbete har införts i Sverige i form av jobbskatteavdraget. På grund av det svenska bidragssystemets struktur kan man inte vänta sig några större minskningar av välfärdsfällan. Den åtgärd som förefaller vara bäst lämpad att göra arbete mer lönsamt är förslaget om sänkta arbetsgivarav-gifter vid anställning av långtidsarbetslösa..

This essay deals with the relationship between the influx to higher education and the situation on the labor market in Sweden. It also examines whether overeducation as a phenomenon is present among Swedish academics and if there is any obvious discrimination between the sexes. The Swedish government has an outspoken goal that at least 50% of every age group shall undergo an academic education. Therefore, they have expanded the possibilities ofobtaining one. We have used three economic theories to investigate the subject of this thesis and applied these on the statistics of 4 different educations.

Introduktion:Att hållbarhetsredovisa efter GRI:s riktlinjer är idag en standard bland multinationella företag världen över. Vi anser dock att det är mer givande för intressenter att placera företaget i ett större sammanhang och för att se hur mycket företagets miljöpåverkan kostar samhället årligen. Sportsko- och klädesföretaget Puma har i en resultaträkning monetärt uppskattat hur mycket miljöpåverkan från deras leverantörer och egna aktiviteter kostar samhället varje år. Den kallas för Environmental Profit & Loss Account och fungerar som ett transparens-, strategi- och riskhanteringsverktyg.Syfte:Den här uppsatsen syftar till att beskriva hur EP&L kan användas i framtiden.Problemformulering:1. Hur används EP&L som strategi- risk- och transparensverktyg?2.

In the year 1800, about 5 % of the world population lived in cities (World Wide Fund for Nature, 2012, 3). Today that number is about 70 % in Europe and North America, and in 2050 it is expected to be 86 % in the developed world and 67 % in the developing world (www, UN, 2009). In addition, the global population is expected to increase with 2.2 billion people until 2050. As a result of the population increase more food has to be produced which requires more transport from the countryside to the cities. However, this flow of resources faces some difficulties.

The main focus of this essay is to analyze whether strict employment protection legislation has a negative effect on the labour market possibilities for youth in the EU or not. To empirically examine the labour market possibilities for youth, data for unemployment rates and incidence of temporary jobs are used. By doing simple correlations between the different labour market characteristics and OECD?s employment protection legislation index the effect of the latter is tested. The result is that a tendency for youth unemployment and frequency of youth with temporary employment to be higher when employment protection legislation is strict can be seen.

En sammanfattning av uppsatsen på maximalt 8000 tecken..

Att sätta personalen i fokus en modell om att möjliggöra för medarbetare? En fallstudie av Svenska Mässan.

En sammanfattning av uppsatsen på maximalt 8000 tecken..

Ip-telefoni.

Today's climate and environmental issues have now been up for discussion for quite long. Various environmental measures have been taken, but it is not always certain that those measures actually are for the better because of the complexity of our environment. Therefore, studies of whole life cycles are very important even if they are time and resource intensive.Real estate accounts for 15% of global carbon emissions, but also affects our environment in many other aspects. In Sweden this number is even higher. About 30 % of its carbon dioxide emissions originates from building sector and changes are therefore of great importance.