Organic material used for biogas production can also undergo other treatments. The emissions and impact from the different treatments are evaluated in this environmental assessment, with a focus on energy and climate. The materials included in the study are organic household waste, slaughterhouse waste and liquid manure. Other than biogas production, the possible treatments for organic household waste and slaughterhouse waste are incineration and composting, and for liquid manure storing and spreading. The analysis is based on data and information from current and relevant literature, and relates to the conditions in the Swedish energy system.

In this report the balconies? abutments for a property in Bo01-area in Malmö has been studied. The property which is called Vitruvius contains four build-ings where two of them have corbelling balconies with intermittent abutments. With intermittent abutment means that the 50 mm thermal bridge insulation that the balconies is equipped with, is broken regularly by a 300 mm concrete heel. The reinforcement bar that holds the balcony runs through this heel.

The purpose of this thesis has been to gather knowledge about the complaints of tying-up in horses and to show that the importance of feeding. The thesis includes a literature review of tying-up how preventative measures by feeding can be made. In the equine sport, crosscountry, horses occasionally suffers from tying-up, a muscle disease. An increased knowledge about the disease is demanded by riders and trainers as the disease disrupts training and competition of suffered horses. A cross-country horse works very hard in training and during competitions but the work bouts are long enough for the muscle cells to use aerobic pathways in the metabolism.

Background: Do our elder starve? A good nutrition state gives a good health and comfort. The research displays that is it exists shortages in energy and nutrition needs for the older. Aim: The aim with this study was to elucidate the mealorder and the mealsituation for the elder and how the nurse handles this. Method: This litterateur review was based on teri research studies.

Sahlgrenska Academyat University of GothenburgDepartment of Internal Medicine and Clinical NutritionAbstractTitle: Artificial sweeteners in beverage and their effecton hunger and energy intakeAuthor: Sofia Andersson and Sofia JakobssonSupervisor: Heléne Bertéus ForslundExaminer: Anna WinkvistProgramme: Dietician study programme, 180/240 ECTSType of paper: Examination paper, 15 hpDate: April 11, 2012BackgroundIn 2010 the total consumption of soft drinks in Sweden was estimated to 69 litres per person and17 % of the domestic production was estimated to consist of soft drinks sweetened with artificialsweeteners. The effects of artificial sweeteners on hunger is not yet fully understood. It isspeculated that they might increase hunger and hence increase energy intake.ObjectiveThe aim was to compile the evidence regarding the effects of an intake of a beverage sweetenedwith artificial sweeteners compared to sucrose on subsequent hunger and energy intake.Search strategyA systematic search for literature was performed in the databases PubMed and Scopus.Selection criteriaThe inclusion criteria were RCT, human studies, articles published in Swedish or English, studieson healthy adults and studies measuring hunger with a subjective scale or energy intake. Theexclusion criteria were studies who measured energy intake under other forms than standardisedor controlled, studies without a standardised dose of the beverage and articles needed to beordered against payment.Data collection and analysisFour articles were selected and examined according to a template developed by SBU. Theevidence for each outcome was weighed together and graded according to GRADE based on asummarised evidence form developed by the Sahlgrenska Academy.Main resultsAll four articles measured subjectively rated hunger.

Construction accounts for about 35 percent of the total Swedish energy consumption and most of the energy is used by the large housing stock from the so-called ?Million program?. In the national action plan the government has put forward in energy efficiency. It is mentioned that existing buildings account for more than 90 percent of what is expected to be the housing stock within the coming 50 years. In order to meet environmental objectives its required that the existing stock be reviewed for energy efficiency. The goverment is now initiating a national framework with a budget of SEK 300 million Swedish crowns per year for five years, starting in 2010 to achieve the goal on energy efficient buildings. Energy efficiency of buildings in both new construction and above all within the existing stock are addressed.

By studying a place or a phenomena research contributes to the creation of the image of the thing that he or she studies. Also, planning is seen as a democratic tool, a way to ?make? democracy. In order to see what democratic ideals that is being express it becomes important to study the research about democracy in Botkyrka. It is from this thinking this study about democracy and research has been formed.

This study investigates if, and in that case, how design theory is applied in practice in the web development field. Prior research has focused on methods used in the web development field. We wanted to study the designers role in a web design process by comparing existing designer roles with design theory literature. We did qualitative interviews with two practitioners at two different communication agencies in northern Sweden. Based on our qualitative data and literature review we have concluded that a designer has to devote a lot of energy on requirements engineering in order to develop a clear understanding of the design situation..

To get rid of our dependence on fossil fuels we need to make use of renewable energy sources like wind power to a greater extent. Even though wind power is a renewable energy source it can still cause some problems for the close environment. One of the problems is shadow flickering. When the sun is low and the wind blows in a direction so that the rotor blades are positioned at right angles to the sunbeams and ?cut? the sunbeams off.

In the EU the amount of waste increased by 14 percent during the years 2000 to 2010. EU?s target to reduce waste generation runs parallel with the aim of increasing the efficiency and profitability aligned with energy recovery. In Sweden the energy recovery through incineration is increasing steadily, and 46 percent of the municipal solid waste (MSW) is treated by combustion. This report aims to examine the profitability of processing MSW into Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF) from an economic-, energy- and environmental perspective.

This master thesis has been carried out as a prototype development project. The project hasbeen performed in cooperation with ÅF Combra AB. The purpose with the master thesis is toconstruct a Bluetooth interface between an accelerometer and a smartphone and constructinga physical prototype containing an accelerometer. This is done to test a new user interface tomobile phones. The master thesis has also included a research about the possibility toimplement distance measuring with Bluetooth.

Maize for silage has been used as fodder in different parts of the world for a long time and has recently become more common also in Sweden. Our cold climate has been a problem as maize is very sensitive to low temperatures and frost. With new varieties and better techniques for cultivation it is now possible to grow maize in the southern and middle parts of Sweden. As for the north of Sweden the length of the cultivation season is a limiting factor as there are too few days with temperatures of over +10 ºC. Maize is well suited for silage making but oxygen-free conditions are required.

Research in solar energy is taking big steps in both solar heating and solar electricity. It´s not only the technologies alone, but also the combination of both solar electricity and solar heating which is what is called a solar hybrid. The idea of a solar hybrid is that a solar cells efficiency decrease with increased temperature and can with help from a solar collector be cooled and the heat can be utilized. This thesis report compares heat production and electricity production with respect of, in first hand, a solar hybrids geometry in the cooler. The theory chapter describes solar heating and how different solar cell technologies work and their environmental impact at the production and how compatible these technologies are for the solar hybrid.

Many of todays studies show that district heating is one of the betteralternatives as heating source because of its low environmental load.The energy source is often leftovers from other processes producing energy or waste, like garbage or chips.Electricity in combination with geothermal heating is another heating system that has increased sharply during the last years, and also this system decreases the discharges that have negative affectson the environment compared to several other heating methods.This report aims to, concentrated towards these two different heating systems, estimate the amounts of discharges they indirect cause and how the environment is affected.We have calculated the mean value for discharges of carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxide, sulphur oxide and dust generated from electrical power used in Sweden.Through interviews and research we have gained data for the same substances that district heating based on combustion of garbage and biofuel generates.We have also in cooperation with a housing company chosen a building we see representative for many of the new single-family houses built in Sweden today.Based on its shape and appearance we theoretically created three alternatives of the same house, each of them with climate screens different from each other.Together with the amounts of discharged environmental affecting substances, these houses were the base for our calculations and studies when investigating the different heating sources environmental effect.The results have thereafter been analyzed and discussed from different angles..

The energy sector of modern time is currently faced with several challenges. These are both production oriented and environmental oriented in nature. The energy of the future is intended to support an increasing demand while at the same time reduce its environmental affection. This stresses a development towards production methods of renewable energy. Among the existing methods, biogas is presented as an attractive alternative.