Efficiency has become an important objective for many providers of welfare services. Among Swedish schools, both private and public, increased administrative demands seemingly influence operations, and affect teachers negatively through perceived stress. Simultaneously, Swedish students scored an all-time low in the latest PISA survey, and are now performing below the OECD-average in science, mathematics and reading. A central administrative task in the Swedish elementary school is the parent-teacher conference, which is an important activity in supporting the development of the student's knowledge and social skills. Lean is a well-established operations framework, which has proven successful in order to improve process efficiency.

Syftet med detta arbete är att försöka utforma en modell för att analysera olika matavfallssystem. Detta arbete görs med skärskilt Kiruna kommun i tanke då detta arbete är en del i en önskan från deras sida gentemot Luleå tekniska universitet. För att göra en analys så byggs en systemanalysmodell utifrån vilka alternativ som är intressanta att studera i det här fallet brännbart, en hybrid lösning, kärlinsamling för rötning och köksavfallskvarn. Dessa alternativ valdes sedan att utvärderas gentemot ett antal parametrar inom områdena användaraspekter, transport, process och slutavsättning, energi och säkerhet. Dessa parametrar ska sedan utvärderas och poängsättas.

Obesity is a growing problem worldwide among children and adolescents. Previous research has shown that food habits and weight in order children with high and low risk of developing obesity (based on parental BMI) differs between the two groups. It has also been shown that the mother affects the child´s food habits and weight..

The purpose of this research was to examine the current field of management in non-profit organizations, mainly focusing on managerial approaches, but also the impact of organizational size on the shaping of governance. Non-profits are widely discussed in contemporary research, particularly due to the increasing external pressure on voluntary organization to professionalize the way they work in line with standards in the private sector. Due to this our thesis aims to investigate whether professional, bureaucratic approaches are useful when governing a non-profit organization, or if social structures are enough to ensure goal congruence and efficiency. To conduct this research qualitative interviews were carried out and a case- study was made, using the Swedish Karate Federation as object of study. Results show that formal and more professional structures are useable to achieve efficiency and prevent inertia within the organization.

Syfte: Syftet med denna litteraturöversikt var att beskriva orsaker till undernäring hos äldre patienter med höftfraktur i det postoperativa skedet, samt vilka omvårdnadsåtgärder som kan användas för att förebygga undernäring. Metod: Studien genomfördes som en litteraturöversikt och artiklarna söktes via databaserna PubMed och CINAHL. 15 artiklar hittades och ligger till grund för resultatet. 14 av dessa var av kvantitativ ansats och en var kvalitativ. Resultat: Orsaker till undernäring postoperativt hos höftopererade äldre patienter var att inte kunna äta, aptitlöshet, bristande kommunikation och låg compliance.

The sun is essential to life on earth and no matter where you are, there is a constant need ofenergy. Nearly 800 000 years ago man learned for the first time to use fire in a controlled way.Since then, fire has given us the opportunity to inhabit places despite a cold climate. In Swedenthe resident sector accounts for a major part of the total consumption of energy. In a time whenenvironmental issues and greenhouse effects are increasing, we also see a future of rising energyprices. With this perspective, we have in this bachelor thesis in the Building Environment at theRoyal Institute of Technology, KTH, in Stockholm decided to focus on the renewable energysource, solar energy.The energy from solar radiation is a free resource and does not have any negative effects uponthe environment.

The aim of this study is to investigate which communication strategies and channels the mu- nicipal company Falu Energi & Vatten should use in order to become more efficient in com- municating with citizens between 18 to 29 years old. The company is owned by the munici- pality of Falun and manages community services in electricity, district heating, fresh water, sewerage, metropolitan area network and waste disposal. The following theories have been used in the study: convergence culture, digital natives, information overload, communication strategies and uses & gratifications theory. The methods used in the study are 4 focus group interviews and one informant interview. The members of the focus groups where within the age range 18-29 years and lived in the city of Falun.

Världens energiförbrukning ökar ständigt. Detta ger upphov till stora miljöproblem där klimatförändringen är ett av de största problemen. Hushållens energiförbrukning står idag för en betydande del av den totala energianvändningen. Det är därför viktigt att effektivisera hushållens energianvändning för att reducera deras påverkan på miljön. Vitvaror, som står för en stor del av hushållens energianvändning, har en stor potential att energieffektiviseras.

För de kraftvärmeanläggningar som byggdes innan systemet med elcertifikat infördes, upphör tilldelningen av elcertifikat den sista december 2012. Kraftvärmeverk block 1 (KVV1) vid Falu Energi & Vatten kommer behöva uppgraderas för att kunna producera el som berättigar till nya certifikat. Detta arbete har avsetts att ligga till grund för val av systemlösning inför uppgraderingen. Ett antal olika uppgraderingsalternativ har undersökts och studien har baserats på beräkningar i programmet Solvo tillsammans med MS Excel. Beräkningarna har sedan använts tillsammans med varaktighetsdata för Falu Energi & Vattens fjärrvärmenät.

The company Olofsfors AB manufactures drive belts for forest machinery, known as ECO-Tracks, and abrasion-resistant steel and cutting edges for graders, excavators and tractors, known as Bruxite and SharqEdges. Manufacturing these products requires the steel to be heated and molded, then submerged in water and hardened. The water used in the hardening of steel is pumped to the process from pits below the floor and then pumped back to the pit after it?s been used. Since the temperature of this water rises after being used to harden the steel the temperature of the pumping pit needs to be adjusted to maintain its setpoint of 21°C.

With the globalization, companies in the West chose to shift production to developing countries to cut down costs. This had a major impact when child labor and very poor working conditions in these factories were discovered and led many companies to take responsibility for their suppliers and the employees by adopting voluntary so-called Codes of Conduct.There is a subtle balance to enforce improvement of working conditions for employees at suppliers´ factories and to keep costs down. On the one hand, companies would like to conduct extensive audits at their suppliers to ensure code of conduct compliance and thus protect their legitimacy. On the other hand, audits are expensive so companies would like to minimize audits to keep costs down. Companies thus have to strike a delicate balance in relation to how many and what suppliers they choose to audit.

AbstractThe development of the construction industry is slower compared to other industries. This implies that there must be improvements in this field. One step to increased effectiveness in construction projects is making the construction process more efficient, therefore resulting in a positive result for both the actual construction project and for the overall branch. The purpose of this study is to identify areas for improvement within the municipal housing company Gavlegårdarna completed construction project, who will then contribute to increased efficiency in their upcoming projects. The work has been performed with the help of two case studies examine construction projects "Fullriggaren" and "The three nursing homes." Opinions about what could have improved the efficiency of these construction projects further have been collected with the help of an interview study among some of the project participants involved in both projects.There have been many studies addressing the topic of how the construction process can be streamlined and similar studies that have been previously conducted.

The purpose of this paper is to examine how the traditional airlines' strategies are affected by the low-cost carriers emergence and their business model and in wich ways they can achieve profitability. Furthermore we also want to examine the factors that affect the airlines' efficiency and competitiveness.The results of this study shows that the growth of the low-cost carriers have affected the network airlines' strategies as they, among other things, had to also lower their fares. This has forced them to revise their cost and efficiency in their entire operation. The result has also shown that the network companies can not come down to the same level of low costs as the low-cost carriers, and must therefore examine their ability to increase revenues instead. .

This study aims to investigate how federations manage to balance the economies of scale through collaboration and autonomy. This is done through a case study on Länsförsäkringar. The lack of modern research on federations makes the federative structure an interesting field of study. Previous research has shown a general perception that an increased pressure on efficiency and economies of scale creates a stronger common unit that eventually creates an imbalance in the federation. It is therefore interesting to look at the balance, which exists between the member units and the common unit of a federation.

Energieffektivisering av byggnader är ett uppmärksammat ämne mycket på grund av att bostäder och lokaler står för 35 % av den totala energianvändningen i Sverige. Med nya EU direktiv ska Sverige utforma en plan för att nå nära-nollenergibyggnad till år 2021. Definitionen av näranollenergibyggnad är en byggnad som har mycket hög energiprestanda och den mycket låga mängden energi som krävs bör i mycket hög grad tillföras i form av energi från förnybara energikällor.Passivhus är en typ av lågenergihus som har ett tätt klimatskal som håller ett lågt U-värde och utnyttjar interna värmetillskott från hushållmaskiner och personerna som vistas i byggnaden. Detta bidrar till lägre energiförluster och längre behov av tillförd energi, vilket närmar sig nära-nollenergibyggnad.Ett friliggande enfamiljshus som klarar passivhuskraven som ställs av Sveriges Centrum för Nollenergihus i södra Sverige har utformats. Energiberäkningar har utförts i PHPP (PassivHus Projekterings Paket 2007) vilket visar att byggnaden klarar kraven..